“Member states of UNESCO”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Three UNESCO member states are not UN member states: Cook Islands, Niue, and Palestine (Palestine is a non-member observer State of the United Nations General Assembly since 29 November 2012), while three UN member states (Israel, Liechtenstein, United States) are not UNESCO members. The United States and Israel were members, but left on 31 December 2018 claiming that the organization had an anti-Israel bias.^[3]

Member States

The 193 UNESCO member states, as of January 2019, with the date on which they became members, are:^[6]^[7]^[1]^[2]

Israel and the United States were members, but withdrew claiming that the organization had an anti-Israel bias.^[3]

Israel joined on 16 September 1949, but withdrew alongside the US on 31 December 2018.^[3]

The US originally joined as a founding member on 4 November 1946, but withdrew on 31 December 1984. It subsequently rejoined on 1 October 2003, but notified of its intention to withdraw from the organization on 12 October 2017, with effect 31 December 2018.^[10]^[3] Its membership included separate NOCs for Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Associate members

The 11 associate members of UNESCO and the date on which they became associate members:^[1]

Observers

There are 2 Permanent Observers and 10 intergovernmental organizations with Permanent Observer Missions to UNESCO.^[11]

In addition, there is a liaison office of the United Nations University at UNESCO.^[13]

See also

Notes

References

1. ^¹²UNESCO official site: List of the 193 Member States (and the 11 Associate Members) of UNESCO and the date on which they became members (or Associate Members) of the Organization, as of 1 January 2019
2. ^¹²³{{cite web |title=Summary update on Government progress to become a State Party to the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport |url=http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/Item_8_6_Attachment_1_SummaryUpdateGovernments_UNESCO_Oct2008_ENG_FINAL.pdf |author=WADA |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=28 July 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116165411/http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/Item_8_6_Attachment_1_SummaryUpdateGovernments_UNESCO_Oct2008_ENG_FINAL.pdf |archivedate=16 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
3. ^¹²³{{cite news |author=TOVAH LAZAROFF |title=ISRAEL, U.S. SLATED TO LEAVE UNESCO TODAY TO PROTEST ANTI-ISRAEL BIAS |url=https://m.jpost.com/International/Israel-US-slated-to-leave-UNESCO-today-to-protest-anti-Israel-bias-575875 |newspaper=JPost |date=2018-12-31 |access-date=2018-12-31}}
4. ^{{citeweb|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/kosovo-serbia-unesco-membership/27319064.html|title=Kosovo Moves Closer To UNESCO Membership|date=21 October 2015|accessdate=21 October 2015|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}
5. ^{{citeweb|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-unesco-membership-vote-11-09-2015|title=Kosovo’s UNESCO Membership Bid Fails|date=9 November 2015|accessdate=8 December 2015}}
6. ^{{citeweb |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/599861/20._UNESCO_status_list.pdf|title=UK Depositary Status List - Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|date=April 2016|accessdate=2017-10-15|publisher=Foreign and Commonwealth Office}}
7. ^{{citeweb|url=http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/treaties/treatyrecord.htm?tid=1996&pg=3|title=Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation [as later amended]|accessdate=2017-10-15|publisher=Foreign and Commonwealth Office}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=UNESCO - Singapore - official relations|url=http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=SG&language=S|author=UNESCO|accessdate=1 November 2011}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
9. ^{{cite web |title=South Sudan – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/africa/south-sudan/ |author=UNESCO |accessdate=19 August 2013}}
10. ^{{cite web |first=Heather |last=Nauert |title=The United States Withdraws From UNESCO |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/10/274748.htm |publisher=United States Department of State |date=12 October 2017 |accessdate=25 October 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=UNESCO Permanent delegations|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=11151&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|author=UNESCO |accessdate=1 November 2011}}
12. ^¹²{{cite web |title=Directory of Permanenent Delegations and Permanent Observer Missions to UNESCO |url=http://www.unesco.org/eri/permdel/protocollist_photos.asp?language=E|author=UNESCO |accessdate=1 November 2011}}
13. ^{{cite web |title=Directory of Permanent Delegations to UNESCO |url=http://www.unesco.org/eri/permdel/Protocollist_complete_p.asp?language=E|author=UNESCO |accessdate=1 November 2011}}