| 词条 | 1881 New Zealand general election |
| 释义 |
| election_name = 1881 general election | country = New Zealand | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1879 New Zealand general election | previous_year = 1879 | previous_mps = 7th New Zealand Parliament | next_election = 1884 New Zealand general election | next_year = 1884 | next_mps = 9th New Zealand Parliament | seats_for_election = All 95 seats in the House of Representatives | election_date = 8 (Māori) & 9 (general) December 1881 | elected_mps = elected members | turnout = 66.5% | image1 = | leader1 = John Hall | leader_since1 = 1878 | color1 = B8BFFE | party1 = Conservative Independents | leaders_seat1 = Selwyn | last_election1 = | seats1 = 45 | seat_change1 = {{steady}} 0 | popular_vote1 = N/A | percentage1 = N/A | swing1 = N/A | image2 = | leader2 = George Grey | leader_since2 = 1877 | color2 = FBEC5D | party2 = Greyite Independents | leaders_seat2 = Auckland East | last_election2 = | seats2 = 39 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 2 | popular_vote2 = N/A | percentage2 = N/A | swing2 = N/A | title = Prime Minister | posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister | before_election = John Hall | after_election = John Hall | before_party = Independent politician | after_party = Independent politician }} The New Zealand general election of 1881 was held on 8 and 9 December in the Māori and European electorates, respectively, to elect 95 MPs to the 8th session of the New Zealand Parliament. 1881 was the first time a general election was held under universal male suffrage; all MPs were elected in single-member electorates; and the country quota was introduced, allowing rural electorates to have 25% fewer voters than urban electorates. Beginning with the 1881 election, all elections in European electorates were to be held on the same day, a measure not introduced for Māori electorates until 1951.[1] 1881 electoral redistributionThe previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–76 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed: {{NZ electorate link|Ashburton}}, {{NZ electorate link|Auckland North}}, {{NZ electorate link|Awarua}}, {{NZ electorate link|Christchurch North}}, {{NZ electorate link|Christchurch South}}, {{NZ electorate link|Coromandel}}, {{NZ electorate link|Dunedin Central}}, {{NZ electorate link|Dunedin East}}, {{NZ electorate link|Dunedin South}}, {{NZ electorate link|Dunedin West}}, {{NZ electorate link|Foxton}}, {{NZ electorate link|Franklin North}}, {{NZ electorate link|Franklin South}}, {{NZ electorate link|Hawke's Bay}}, {{NZ electorate link|Hokonui}}, {{NZ electorate link|Inangahua}}, {{NZ electorate link|Kumara}}, {{NZ electorate link|Lincoln}}, {{NZ electorate link|Manukau}}, {{NZ electorate link|Moeraki}}, {{NZ electorate link|Peninsula}}, {{NZ electorate link|St Albans}}, {{NZ electorate link|Stanmore}}, {{NZ electorate link|Sydenham}}, {{NZ electorate link|Taranaki}}, {{NZ electorate link|Tauranga}}, {{NZ electorate link|Te Aro}}, {{NZ electorate link|Thorndon}}, {{NZ electorate link|Waimate}}, {{NZ electorate link|Waipawa}}, {{NZ electorate link|Wairarapa North}}, {{NZ electorate link|Wairarapa South}}, {{NZ electorate link|Waitotara}}, {{NZ electorate link|Wakanui}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Wellington South}}. In addition, two electorates that had previously been abolished were recreated: {{NZ electorate link|Bay of Islands}} and {{NZ electorate link|Oamaru}}.{{sfn|McRobie |1989 |pp=43–48}} These changes necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries. Only six electorates remained unchanged: {{NZ electorate link|Waikato}}, {{NZ electorate link|Waipa}}, {{NZ electorate link|Bruce}}, {{NZ electorate link|Lyttelton}}, {{NZ electorate link|Nelson}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Picton}}.{{sfn|McRobie |1989 |pp=43–48}} The electoral distribution was the first that formally acknowledged the existence of a country quota, where country electorates contained 25% fewer voters than town electorates.{{sfn|McRobie |1989 |p=47}} The electionThe 1881 election was held on Thursday, 8 December, in the Māori electorates and on Friday, 9 December, in the European electorates to elect a total of 95 MPs to the 8th Parliament. A total number of 120,972 (66.5%) voters turned out to vote.[2] In 11 seats there was only one candidate.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=286}} 36 and 55 seats were in the North Island and South Island, respectively, plus the 4 Māori electorates.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=173}} The incumbent government led by John Hall retained office having support from 45 members with 39 "Greyites" (supporters of George Grey) and 11 Independents not affiliated with either faction.[3] Results{{1881 New Zealand general election}}Notes1. ^{{cite web|title=The Origins of the Māori Seats |url= http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/ParlSupport/ResearchPapers/5/b/e/00PLLawRP03141-Origins-of-the-M-ori-seats.htm |publisher=New Zealand Parliament|accessdate=2 April 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout |url= http://www.elections.org.nz/events/past-events/general-elections-1853-2014-dates-and-turnout |publisher=Elections New Zealand |accessdate=12 September 2010 }} 3. ^{{cite news|title=New Elections |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/THS18811212.2.12 |accessdate=11 September 2016 |newspaper=Thames Star |volume=XII |issue=4042 |date=12 December 1881 |page=2 }} References
|ref = harv |first1 = G. S. |last1 = Cooper |title = Votes Recorded for Each Candidate |year = 1882 |publisher = Government Printer |url = http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1882-I.2.2.4.1 |accessdate = 24 October 2015 }}
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