| 词条 | American Motorcyclist Association |
| 释义 |
| assocname = American Motorcyclist Association | abbrev = AMA | logo = Amalogo.JPG | logosize = | sport = Motorsport | founded = 1924 | aff = | affdate = | region = | regionyear = | image = | size = | caption = | category = | jurisdiction = USA | year closed = [1] | headquarters = Pickerington, Ohio | president = | chairman = Maggie McNally | key staff = see below | chiefexec = | replaced = | prevfounded = | url = www.americanmotorcyclist.com | countryflag2 = }} The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights. Its mission statement is "to promote the motorcycling lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling." The organization was founded in 1924 and as of October 2016 had more than 1,100 chartered clubs.[2] For clubs and promoters it provides guidance and advice on running events and rallies, and allows affiliated members to vote on AMA matters. It also has a corporate membership category with representatives from the US motorcycle industry. Outlaw and one-percenterThe AMA was a whites-only organization from its inception in 1924 until the 1950s, not allowing African Americans to join for its first 30 years. Prior to the acceptance of black members, the term outlaw motorcycle club could refer to either a white counterculture biker club that was "uninterested in 'square' events and competitions", or else a club that accepted non-white members and was therefore not allowed to participate in the AMA.[4] In the 1920s and 1930s, black hillclimbing racer William B. Johnson evaded the whites-only restriction and obtained an AMA membership card, which allowed him to compete around the Northeastern United States and become perhaps the first black AMA member.[5] In 1995, AMA President Ed Youngblood said that as a consequence of this racist policy, blacks continued to be underrepresented in AMA events for decades after the segregationist policy was rescinded. That year, Youngblood presented black AMA member Norman Gaines in their membership advertisement in the campaign "I want to protect my rights as a motorcyclist. That's why I'm an AMA member" in both the AMA member magazine and Motorcyclist magazine.[3] The term one-percenter was coined after the 1947 Hollister riot in Hollister, California. The AMA is said to have responded that 99% of motorcyclists were law-abiding citizens, and the last one percent were outlaws. The AMA now says they have no record of such a statement to the press, and call this story apocryphal.[4] One-percenter motorcycle clubs are often also known as outlaw motorcycle gangs or OMGs according to the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.[5] Competitions
AMA Pro RacingThe AMA is the largest motorsports organization in the world,{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} overseeing 80 professional and more than 4,000 amateur events each year.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} The AMA also maintains the Motorcycle Hall of Fame located near Columbus, Ohio. It is the designated governing body of motorcycle sport in the US by the world governing body, the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). AMA Pro Racing was formed in 1994 to respond to the growth of motorcycle racing in United States and holds many events. The AMA Road Racing Series includes the AMA American Superbike Championship, the AMA Daytona Sportbike Championship (which incorporates the former AMA Supersport Championship and the now inactive AMA Formula Xtreme), and the new AMA Supersport Championship, which is limited to riders of age 16-21 on near stock 600cc motorcycles. Off-road racing series include AMA Grand National Championship, AMA Supercross, AMA Motocross Championship, AMA Hillclimb, AMA Supermoto Championship and AMA EnduroCross Championship. On March 7, 2008, the AMA Pro Racing series was sold to the Daytona Motorsports Group (DMG), headed by Roger Edmondson and Jim France. The DMG became responsible for the AMA Superbike Series, AMA Motocross Series, AMA Flat Track Series, AMA Supermoto Series, AMA Hillclimb Series and ATV Pro Racing. The sale did not include the AMA Supercross and AMA Arenacross Series, whose rights are currently owned by Feld Entertainment. DMG would license the AMA name and trademarks to promote the motorcycle racing series.[6][7][8] The new management sparked criticism among some of the press and fans for allegedly alienating the factory teams [9][10] and for introducing NASCAR style rules such as rolling start and pace car.[11] DMG was replaced by MotoAmerica as AMA Superbikes promoter in 2015. American MotorcyclistAmerican Motorcyclist magazine is published by the AMA. It has a monthly circulation of 260,000 copies.[12]See also{{Wikipedia books|Motorcycle sport in North America}}
References1. ^Motorcyclist magazine, August 1995 issue page 35 [13][14]2. ^{{cite web |date=2016-10-12 |title=AMA Facts & Figures |url=http://americanmotorcyclist.com/About-The-AMA/Story/facts-and-figures |publisher=American Motorcyclist Association |accessdate=2016-10-12}} 3. ^Motorcyclist magazine page 35 August 1995 issue 4. ^{{Citation |last=Dulaney |first=William L. |periodical=International Journal of Motorcycle Studies |url=http://ijms.nova.edu/November2005/IJMS_Artcl.Dulaney.html |date=November 2005 |title=A Brief History of "Outlaw" Motorcycle Clubs }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/gangunit/about/omgangs.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-08-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012080653/http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/gangunit/about/omgangs.html |archivedate=2008-10-12 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2008/Mar/080307z.htm |title=AMA Sells AMA Pro Racing To Daytona Motorsports Group |publisher=SuperbikePlanet.com |accessdate=2008-03-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630210053/http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2008/Mar/080307z.htm |archivedate=2008-06-30 }} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2008/Mar/080308a.htm |title=AMA & Daytona Motorsports Group Press Conference Transcript |publisher=SuperbikePlanet.com |accessdate=2008-03-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310085847/http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2008/Mar/080308a.htm |archivedate=2009-03-10 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.amaproracing.com/releases/r07141.asp |title=A New Vision for the American Motorcyclist Association |publisher=AMA Pro Racing |accessdate=2008-03-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026150418/http://www.amaproracing.com/releases/r07141.asp |archivedate=2007-10-26 |deadurl=no |df= }} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2009/May/090506factoriesgone.htm |title=Expletive Deleted: 2009--Last Year of the Factories? |publisher=Superbike Planet |accessdate=2009-07-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510091328/http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2009/May/090506factoriesgone.htm |archivedate=2009-05-10 |df= }} 10. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.roadracingworld.com/news/article/?article=38149 | title=No AMA Superbike Participation In 2010: Honda Makes It Official! | publisher=Road Racing World | accessdate=2009-10-10 }} 11. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/557/3972/Motorcycle-Article/DMG--Delusional-Motorsports-Group-.aspx | title=DMG: Delusional Motorsports Group? | publisher=Motorcycle USA | accessdate=2009-07-11 }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.echo-media.com/MediaDetail.asp?IDNumber=18348|title=American Motorcyclist. American Motorcyclist has been part of the motorcycle industry since 1947 - over 60 years! They deliver to more than 250,000 of the most committed riders in the country. And they share with friends, giving the magazine a total readership of 602,896. These aren't just any motorcyclists. They have an average household income of $91,500 and, together, they own three-quarters of a million motorcycles! This year, they plan to purchase nearly 120,000 motorcycles and spend $237 million maintaining the bikes they own now. No matter what you're into (touring, trail riding, motocross, sportbikes, commuting, enduros, road racing, cruisers, dual-sport, dirt track) they're into it, too! American Motorcyclist is the month magazine of the American Motorcyclist Association. Echo Media V3 Print Media Experts|work=Echo Media V3|accessdate=6 June 2015}} 13. ^1 {{Citation |title=The Chopper: The Real Story |editor1-first=Paul |editor1-last= d'Orléans |editor2-first= R. |editor2-last= Klanten |publisher=Gestalten |year= 2014 |ISBN= 978-3-89955-524-0 |page=61 }} 14. ^1 {{Citation |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sPcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT92 |page=92 |title= Remembering Wild Bill |first= Piet |last= Boonstra |publisher= American Motorcyclist Association |date= March 1995 |volume= 49 |issue= 3 |ISSN=0277-9358 }} }} External links
5 : American Motorcyclist Association|Motorcyclists organizations|Motorcycle racing organizations|1924 establishments in the United States|National members of the FIM |
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