| 词条 | Amos Adams Lawrence |
| 释义 |
| name = Amos Adams Lawrence | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1814|07|31}} | birth_place = Groton, Massachusetts | death_date = {{Death date and age|1886|08|22|1814|07|31}} | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | known_for = Privately donating funds to the founding of the University of Kansas; anti-slavery movement; Jayhawker movement | education = Groton Academy | alma_mater = Harvard | party = Whig Republican | occupation = Merchant, abolitionist | spouse = {{marriage|Sarah Elizabeth Appleton ||August 22, 1886|reason=his death}} | children = William Lawrence | parents = Amos Lawrence | relatives = Samuel Lawrence (grandfather) Luther Lawrence (uncle) Abbott Lawrence (uncle) }} Amos Adams Lawrence (July 31, 1814{{snd}}August 22, 1886), the son of philanthropist Amos Lawrence, was a key figure in the United States abolition movement in the years leading up to the Civil War. He was instrumental in the establishment of the University of Kansas and Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. Early lifeLawrence was born in Groton, Massachusetts on July 31, 1814.[1] or Boston[2][3] He was the son of Amos Lawrence, a merchant and philanthropist.[4] His paternal grandfather was Samuel Lawrence, who fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill during the American Revolutionary War and helped found Groton Academy.[4] His uncles included Luther Lawrence, who served as Mayor of Lowell, Massachusetts from 1838 to 1839, William Lawrence, and Abbott Lawrence, a U.S. Representative who served as United States Minister to Britain from 1849 to 1852.[5] He was educated at Groton Academy (now Lawrence Academy at Groton) and Harvard College[Class of 1835]. The academy would later be named after him.[6] CareerFollowing his graduation from Harvard, he entered business for himself as a commission merchant and eventually became owner of Ipswich Mills, the largest producer of knit goods in the country,{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} located in Ipswich, Massachusetts. In 1858 and 1860, he was the Whig candidate for governor of Massachusetts. In 1862, he raised a battalion of cavalry which became the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry, of which Charles Russell Lowell was colonel.[7] Abolition movementLawrence was radicalized by living through the Anthony Burns affair in the spring of 1854: "[W]e went to bed one night old fashioned, conservative, Compromise Union Whigs & waked up stark mad Abolitionists."[8] Lawrence became a key figure in the United States abolition movement in the years leading up to the Civil War, during which he contributed large amounts of capital to the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company and John Brown's abolitionism, played a major role in the crucial border state of Kansas (see Kansas–Nebraska Act), and also contributed to funds for the colonization of free Negroes in Liberia.[7] He contributed personally by donating guns, specifically Sharps rifles, which, packed as "books" and "primers", were shipped to Kansas and afterwards came into the hands of Jayhawkers and abolitionists. During the bloodshed in Kansas, Lawrence wrote frequently to President Franklin Pierce (his mother's nephew) on behalf of the free-state settlers. When John Brown was arrested, he appealed to the governor of Virginia to secure for him a lawful trial. He repeatedly urged the necessity of offering no armed resistance to the federal government, and he deplored Brown's fanaticism.[7] PhilanthropyLawrence financed the founding of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, a community that was named after him. In 1847, he founded a college that evolved into Lawrence University on {{convert|5000|acre|km2|0}} of land that he had purchased in 1844 in the Fox River Valley, Some of the land he purchased became Appleton, Wisconsin, named for his father-in-law. Lawrence also contributed large sums of money to Harvard and the Episcopal Theological School (now Episcopal Divinity School), in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Lawrence Academy, and the Groton School. His farm outside of Boston became the campus for Boston College and from 1857 to 1862, he was treasurer of Harvard College, and from 1879 to 1885 was an overseer.[12] Personal lifeLawrence, a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Boston, met and married Sarah Elizabeth Appleton (1822–1891) at the church. Sarah, a daughter of U.S. Representative William Appleton and Mary Ann (née Cutler) Appleton, was a relative of Samuel Appleton, a trustee of Massachusetts General Hospital and president of the Young Men's Benevolent Society. Together, Amos and Sarah were the parents of:
He died at his summer resort in Nahant, Massachusetts.[2] LegacyAmos Adams Lawrence is credited with founding an Episcopalian church in Boston, Massachusetts, which prompted many Boston Brahmins to convert from Unitarianism.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} His son, William Lawrence, took an even more avid interest in the Episcopalian church, and became the long-time bishop of Massachusetts.[10] DescendantsThrough his son William he was the grandfather of William Appleton Lawrence (1889–1968), who was elected third Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Western Massachusetts,[11] and Frederic Cunningham Lawrence (1899–1989), who was elected suffragan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts.[10] Notes1. ^Lawrence, William Richards (ed.). 1855. Extracts from the Diary and Correspondence of the Late Amos Lawrence. Boston: Gould & Lincoln, p. 15. 2. ^1 {{cite news|title=Amos Lawrence Dead|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3889272/amos_adams_lawrence_18141886/|newspaper=Lawrence Daily Journal|date=August 24, 1886|page=1|via = Newspapers.com|accessdate =December 26, 2015 }} {{Open access}} 3. ^Lee, Laura (ed.). 2001. The Name's Familiar II. Gretna: Pelican, p. 208. 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Butler|first1=Caleb|title=History of the Town of Groton: Including Pepperell and Shirley, from the First Grant of Groton Plantation in 1655|date=1848|publisher=Press of T.R. Marvin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLQh_RIGerQC|accessdate=March 16, 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=LAWRENCE, Abbott - Biographical Information|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000130|website=bioguide.congress.gov|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=March 16, 2018}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Hunt, A.N.|first1=Freeman|title=Lives of American Merchants, Vol. II|date=1858|publisher=Derby & Jackson|location=New York|pages=223–386|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7YmR230yAkC|accessdate=March 16, 2018}} 7. ^1 2 {{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Lawrence, Amos Adams|volume=1|page=305}} 8. ^James M. McPherson. The Civil War Era. New York: Bantam Books, 1989, p. 120. 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Foster|first1=E. Everton|title=Lamb's Textile Industries of the United States: Embracing Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and a Historical Resume of the Progress of Textile Manufacture from the Earliest Records to the Present Time|date=1916|publisher=James H. Lamb|page=275|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fq4yAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=21 April 2018|language=en}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Dr. Lawrence Dies; Bishop Emeritus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/11/07/archives/gel-lawrence-dies-bishop-emeritus-i-successor-to-phihips-brooks-as.html|accessdate=March 15, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=November 7, 1941}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=William Lawrence, Retired Bishop, 79|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/01/06/archives/william-lawrence-retired-bishop-79.html|accessdate=March 15, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=January 6, 1969}} References
External links
15 : 19th-century American Episcopalians|Bleeding Kansas|Harvard College alumni|Lawrence University|Politicians from Appleton, Wisconsin|People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War|People from Groton, Massachusetts|1814 births|1886 deaths|American activists|American philanthropists|Massachusetts Whigs|19th-century American politicians|University of Kansas people|19th-century philanthropists |
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