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词条 London Southend Airport
释义

  1. Overview

     Description  Operations 

  2. History

     Early years  1993: Regional Airports Ltd  2008: Stobart Group  2012: Expansion of passenger flights 

  3. Airlines and destinations

  4. Statistics

  5. Ground transport

     Rail  Road 

  6. Accidents and incidents

  7. Film appearances

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. Bibliography

  11. External links

{{redirect|Southend Airport|the airport in Southend, Saskatchewan, Canada|Southend/Hans Ulricksen Field Aerodrome}}{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}{{Infobox airport
| name = London Southend Airport
| nativename =
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image = SouthendAirport.svg
| image-width = 125
| image2 = Southend Airport terminal building 02.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| caption2 =
| IATA = SEN
| ICAO = EGMC
| type = Public
| owner = Stobart Group
| operator = London Southend Airport Company Ltd.
| city-served = London and Essex
| location = Rochford, Essex, England
| hub =
  • easyJet
  • Flybe
  • Ryanair (from April 2019)
  • Stobart Air
  • Jota Aviation

| elevation-f = 55
| elevation-m = 17
| coordinates = {{coord|51|34|13|N|000|41|36|E|type:airport_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Essex
| pushpin_label = EGMC
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Essex
| website = {{URL|www.southendairport.com}}
| metric-rwy = yes
| r1-number = 05/23
| r1-length-m = 1,856
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| r2-number =
| r2-length-f =
| r2-length-m =
| r2-surface =
| h1-number =
| h1-length-f =
| h1-length-m =
| h1-surface =
| stat-year = 2018
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 1,480,139
| stat2-header = Passenger change 17–18
| stat2-data = {{increase}}35.6%
| stat3-header = Aircraft movements
| stat3-data = 17,088
| stat4-header = Movements change 17–18
| stat4-data = {{decrease}}50.8%
| footnotes = Sources: UK AIP at NATS[1]
Statistics from the UK Civil Aviation Authority[1]
}}London Southend Airport {{Airport codes|SEN|EGMC}} is an international airport in the Rochford District in Essex, England, approximately {{convert|36|mi|km}} from the centre of London.[2]

Southend was London's third-busiest airport from the 1960s until the end of the 1970s, when it was overtaken in passenger numbers by London Stansted Airport.[3][4] Following its purchase by Stobart Group in 2008,[4] a development programme[5][6][7] provided a new terminal[8] and control tower,[9] extended runway,[10] and connection to central London via a regular rail service running between Liverpool Street Station and Southend Airport Station on the Shenfield–Southend line, continuing on to Southend Victoria.[9]

EasyJet began operating services by opening a base at Southend in April 2012[11][12] and Irish carrier Aer Lingus Regional began regular flights to Dublin in May,[13] resulting in a rapid increase in airport passenger numbers during 2012,[1] with 721,661 using the airport in that year,[14] 969,912 in 2013[1] and 1,102,358 in 2014.[1] The following year saw a decline to 900,648 and again to 874,549 in 2016, while 2017 saw passenger numbers increase more than 25% to 1,095,914.[1] The airport operator hopes to increase passenger numbers to two million per year by 2020.[3][6] In 2018 Southend Airport saw an increase of nearly 400,000 passengers over the previous year's total, with just over 1.4 million passengers using the airport, the highest annual total at the airport to date.[15]

Overview

Description

The airport is located between Rochford and Southend town centres, {{convert|1.5|NM|abbr=on|lk=in}} north of Southend,[16] in the county of Essex, {{convert|36|mi}} east of central London. It has a single {{convert|1856|m|adj=on}} long asphalt runway on a south-west/north-east axis[17] and is capable of handling aircraft of up to Boeing 757 and Airbus A321 size. The airport is not capable of handling wide-body aircraft.[18]

The current terminal was completed in February 2012. The terminal has since been extended by 90 metres, almost tripling the facility in size. {{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The former terminal now provides facilities for the handling of executive aircraft, with a business lounge and conference rooms.[19]

A four-star Holiday Inn hotel adjacent to the airport entrance, owned by the Stobart Group, opened on 1 October 2012; it has the only rooftop restaurant in Essex.[20]

London Southend was voted the best airport in Britain for three consecutive years by consumer group Which?, in 2013,[21] 2014[22] and again in 2015.[23]

Operations

Southend Airport handles mainly scheduled passenger, charter, cargo and business flights, with some pilot training (both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter) and private aircraft flying. The airport is run by London Southend Airport Co Ltd, which employs more than 150 people directly. Due to expansion, there were over 500 more people working at the airport in summer 2012 compared with summer 2011.[24]

Southend Airport has a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Ordinary Licence that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (London Southend Airport Company Limited).[25]

Southend Airport has an excellent weather record, and is used by airlines as a diversion alternative when adverse weather or incidents cause other London airports to be closed.[26]

Airline ground handling is provided by the Stobart Group-owned Stobart Aviation Services,[27] whilst the Stobart Jet Centre handles executive aircraft using the facility.[28]

Companies located within the airport boundary employ more than 800 workers.[29] Previously British World Airlines had its head office at Viscount House at London Southend Airport.[30]

History

Early years

The airfield was established by the Royal Flying Corps during World War I. It was the largest flying ground in Essex, with the greatest number of units. In May 1915 the Royal Navy Air Service (RNAS) took over until 4 June 1916, when it became RFC Rochford. It was designated as night fighter station and many sorties were flown against Zeppelin airship raiders, including LZ38 on 31 May 1915. Around 1919, the station closed and reverted to farmland, which it remained as until the 1930s.[31][32]

The airport was officially opened as a municipal airport on 18 September 1935 by the Under-Secretary of State for Air, Sir Philip Sassoon, who arrived in his de Havilland Leopard Moth.[33]

In 1939, the Air Ministry requisitioned the airfield and it was known as RAF Rochford during World War II as a satellite airfield. During World War II, it became a base for fighter squadrons comprising Supermarine Spitfires and Hawker Hurricanes as well as Bristol Blenheims.[34] Many of the 50 pillboxes that were designed to protect the airport from paratroop landings still survive, as does the underground defence control room, which is near to Southend Flying Club. A further 20 or so pillboxes also remain in the surrounding countryside.

Canewdon, {{convert|2|mi|km|0}} north-east of the airport, was the location of one of the World War II Chain Home radar stations. The {{convert|360|ft|adj=on}} high transmitter tower at Canewdon was relocated to the Marconi works at Great Baddow in the 1950s.[35]

1993: Regional Airports Ltd

In 1993, after the airport had been making losses for many years, Southend Borough Council sold the airport to Regional Airports Ltd (RAL), operator of Biggin Hill Airport. London Southend Airport Co Ltd was formed to operate the airport which was re-branded as "London Southend Airport" with the term "Municipal" dropping from the title. The previous losses were turned into small profits for majority of tenure by RAL. {{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

The largest aircraft ever to land at the Airport was in November 1998 when a Lockheed L-1011 Tristar of Irish airline Aer Turas arrived for scrapping at the airport.

In 2001, a debate centred on the possible relocation of Grade 1 listed St Laurence and All Saints Church further away from the side of the main runway. The proposal was dropped after the planning application was rejected by Southend Council in 2003,[36] and a compromise scheme was implemented resulting in the installation of new barriers across Eastwoodbury Lane and requiring slightly shorter licensed runway lengths once safety areas had been added.[37] These changes allowed passenger flights to be restarted, although the runway length still largely curtailed the potential range and payloads for passenger flights, and scheduled airline utilisation was low, until the March 2012 runway extension opened.

Flightline was an airline formed in 1989 headquartered at Southend, where they also had a maintenance/engineering base for their own and third party aircraft. They mainly operated British Aerospace 146 aircraft on ad-hoc charters, and an Avro RJ100 regional jet with which they operated a regular service between Southend and Cologne from 7 June 2006 to 1 December 2008 on behalf of Ford Motor Company as a corporate shuttle.[38] Flightline went into administration on 3 December 2008.[39]

In January 2008, Regional Airports Ltd put the airport up for sale.[40]

Flybe operated a once weekly summer-only service to Jersey using Dash 8 aircraft, ending in 2011.

2008: Stobart Group

The airport was bought on 2 December 2008 by the Stobart Group for £21 million, becoming part of the Stobart Air division of the Stobart Group, which also operates Carlisle Airport.[41]

Following council consultation with the local population, a planning application to extend the usable runway length by {{convert|300|m|abbr=on|0}} to {{convert|1799|m|abbr=on|0}} and upgrade navigational and lighting aids, was submitted to Southend Borough Council 13 October 2009. Planning permission was granted 20 January 2010.

Initially subject to an Article 14 Direction, after due consideration by the Government this was withdrawn 19 March 2010, meaning it would not be subject to a Public Inquiry.[42] A Section 106 agreement was entered into between the airport and local councils.

On 1 June 2010, Stobart Group took a £100 million loan from M & G Investments, partly in order to fund the airport construction.[43] In July 2010, an application for a judicial review of the planning application was filed,[44] which was dismissed on 2 February 2011.[45] On 23 September 2010, the airport received the Airport Achievement Award 2010/11 from the European Regions Airline Association.[46]

A replacement air traffic control tower became operational 21 March 2011, followed by the return of year-round daily passenger services 27 March 2011 when Aer Arann commenced services to Galway and Waterford in Ireland.[47][48]

EasyJet announced a ten-year agreement with Stobart Group in June 2011, and in April 2012 commenced around 70 flights per week from Southend, using three Airbus A319 aircraft based at the airport,[49][50] flying to eight European destinations. Easyjet's operation at the airport has since increased to 16 destinations and in the summer of 2018 they will base a fourth aircraft at Southend, an Airbus A320.[51]

A new on-site rail station opened on 18 July 2011, (the official opening by Minister for Transport Theresa Villiers MP was on 21 September 2011),[52] and a new road opened on 1 September 2011, replacing Eastwoodbury Lane that lay in the path required for the runway extension.

2012: Expansion of passenger flights

A new terminal was built by Buckingham Group Contracting Ltd during 2011 and opened 28 February 2012 (the official opening was by Justine Greening, Secretary of State for Transport, on 5 March 2012).[53] The original terminal has been redeveloped for use by private jets, with Stobart Air having invested half a million pounds turning it into an executive business lounge.[54]

The extended runway opened on 8 March 2012, with Category I ILS on both ends of the runway.

In spring 2014, Stobart Air announced that it had agreed a five-year franchise agreement with Flybe which would see two Flybe-branded aircraft based at Southend operating six routes from summer 2014.[55][56] On 18 January 2015, two routes were terminated with the operation reduced to one aircraft. On 7 April 2014, the extension to the passenger terminal was formally opened by Patrick McLoughlin, the Secretary of State for Transport.[57]

ATC Lasham, the major engineering company at the airport, entered administration in October 2015.[58] The main hangar that it used dated back to Aviation Traders Engineering Limited (ATEL) – founded by the late Sir Freddie Laker – and was later used by Heavylift Engineering.

On 25 November 2015, it was announced that the Government would provide modest funding for a new route from Southend Airport to Carlisle Lake District Airport. In June 2017 it was stated that the route was originally to begin in Summer 2018 and be operated by Loganair.[59] This was confirmed in March 2018;[60][61] however, it did not occur.[62] At present, the proposed start date is spring 2019.[63]

In December 2016, Flybe announced it would be adding new routes from summer 2017 to 12 European destinations, primarily aimed at the weekend break customers.[64] The airline based two Embraer 195 aircraft at the airport.

In October 2017, Flybe added high frequency domestic routes to the airport, with up to 18 flights per week to Manchester, up to 16 flights per week to Dublin and up to 10 flights per week to Glasgow. An additional ATR 72 was based at the airport to operate the Manchester flights, bringing the total number of Flybe aircraft based at Southend to four.[65]

In February 2018, Air Malta announced it would begin flights to Cagliari, Catania and Malta.[66]

In June 2018, Ryanair announced it would open a base at Southend, basing three aircraft there operating 55 flights per week to 13 destinations.[67]

In October 2018, Flybe announced it would commence 5 flights per week to Newquay Airport from April 2019, increasing to daily from May 2019.[68]

Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at London Southend Airport:[69]

{{Airport destination list
|Air Malta | Seasonal: Malta
|easyJet | Alicante, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Faro, Málaga, Malta, Murcia, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Prague
Seasonal: Bordeaux, Budapest, Dubrovnik, Geneva, Ibiza, Jersey, Lanzarote, Menorca, Palma de Mallorca, Pula, Sofia, Tenerife-South
|Flybe | Antwerp, Caen, Groningen, Guernsey (begins 20 May 2019),[70] Newquay,[71] Rennes
|FlyOne | Chişinău (begins 19 July 2019)[72]
|Loganair | Aberdeen (begins 12 May 2019), Carlisle (begins 4 July 2019),[73] Glasgow (begins 28 May 2019), Stornoway (begins 28 May 2019)[74]
|Ryanair | Alicante (begins 2 April 2019), Bergamo (begins 3 April 2019), Bilbao (begins 2 April 2019), Brest (begins 5 April 2019), Cluj-Napoca (begins 2 April 2019), Copenhagen (begins 2 April 2019), Dublin (begins 2 April 2019), Faro (begins 3 April 2019), Košice (begins 2 April 2019), Málaga (begins 3 April 2019), Treviso (begins 27 October 2019),[75] Venice (begins 3 April 2019, ends 24 October 2019)
Seasonal: Corfu (begins 2 April 2019), Palma de Mallorca (begins 2 April 2019), Reus (begins 5 April 2019)[76]
|Volotea | Seasonal charter: Palma de Mallorca[77]
}}

Statistics

Busiest routes to or from London Southend Airport (2018) [78]
Rank Airport Passengers handled % Change 2017
1Amsterdam 193,652 {{increase}}5.3
2Dublin 122,214 {{increase}}535
3Alicante 109,963 {{decrease}}5.3
4Faro 95,963 {{decrease}}11.1
5Málaga 95,413 {{increase}}10.8
6Prague 73,341 {{increase}}165.5
7Palma de Mallorca 66,485 {{decrease}}25.8
8Malta 58,673 {{increase}}942
9Groningen 55,140 {{increase}}103
10Paris-Charles de Gaulle 51,862 {{increase}}5.5
Source: UK Civil Aviation Authority[1]

Ground transport

Rail

Since 2011, the airport has its own railway station near the terminal building, Southend Airport railway station on the Shenfield to Southend Line, which is served by Abellio Greater Anglia connecting the airport to Liverpool Street station in London up to 8 times per hour and Southend Victoria railway station in the other direction respectively. The journey to London takes about one hour.[79]

The airport's management has expressed a desire to develop the rail service, both so it finishes later (as presently the last arrival lands after the last train has left), and so there is an 'express' service direct to London to reduce travel times.

Road

The airport can be reached within 30 minutes from Junction 29 at M25 via the A127. The airport is served by buses operated by Arriva Southend from the airport entrance to Southend (7, 8 and 9), Rochford (7 and 8), Ashingdon (7), Hawkwell (8), Hockley (7 and 8), Eastwood (9) and Rayleigh (7, 8 and 9).[80] First Essex operates route X30 from the terminal to Chelmsford and Stansted Airport.[81]

[82]

Accidents and incidents

  • On 11 February 1944, Boeing B-17 42-31694 of the USAAF (511th BS) crash-landed and burned out at Southend, after receiving battle damage on a raid on Frankfurt.[83]
  • On 11 May 1944, B17G 42-107147 of the USAAF (360BS) made an emergency wheels-up landing with heavy flak damage after a mission to Saarbrücken.[84]
  • On 12 July 1957, a Lockheed Constellation of TWA made an emergency landing whilst routeing from Frankfurt to Heathrow, with one engine on fire.[85]
  • On 28 July 1959, an East Anglian Flying Services Vickers 614 Viking 1 (registered G-AHPH) was written off in a landing accident. On approach the aircraft's right-hand main gear indicator showed that the gear was unsafe. An emergency landing was made on the grass parallel to the runway. The right gear collapsed and the aircraft swung to the right, damaging it beyond repair. None of the 39 occupants were injured.[86]
  • On 9 October 1960, a Handley Page Hermes of Falcon Airways (registration: G-ALDC) overran the runway on landing, ending up across the Shenfield to Southend railway line. The aircraft was written off but all 76 people on board survived.[87]
  • On 3 May 1967, a Vickers Viscount of Channel Airways (registration: G-AVJZ) was written off when a propeller was feathered on take-off. Two people on the ground were killed.[88]
  • On 4 May 1968, a Vickers Viscount of Channel Airways (registration: G-APPU) overran the runway having landed at too high a speed. The aircraft was written off.[89]
  • On 3 June 1971, a Douglas DC-3 of Moormanair (registration: PH-MOA) returned for an emergency landing with one engine partially failed, shortly after departure to the Netherlands carrying supporters of Ajax Football Club. It overran on landing, colliding with an earth bank at the end of the runway and slightly injuring 2 of the 32 passengers on board.[90][91]
  • On 4 October 1974, the flight engineer of a DAT Douglas DC-6 (registration: OO-VGB) retracted the nose gear during take-off, even though the aircraft was not yet airborne, due to a communication error with the pilots. The aircraft slid along the runway and was damaged beyond repair. Of the 99 passengers on board the flight to Antwerp, one was severely injured and another four received minor injuries from evacuating the aircraft. The six crew members remained uninjured.[92][93]
  • On 9 March 1986, a Vickers Viscount (registration: G-BLNB) made a wheels up landing, the landing gear warning horn not having functioned correctly. There were no injuries to the 3 occupants; after repair the aircraft was returned to service.[94][95]
  • On 12 September 1987, a Beechcraft 200 (registration: G-WSJE) carrying newspapers crash landed at night into Mac's Garage on the Eastwood Road. The pilot, 33-year-old Hugh Forrester Brown from nearby Canewdon, was thought to have attempted to crash land on the road after take-off, but was unable to and crashed into the uninhabited garage.[96]
  • On 11 January 1988, a Vickers Viscount of British Air Ferries (registration: G-APIM) was damaged beyond economic repair when it was in a ground collision with a Fairflight Short 330 (registration: G-BHWT). The BAF Viscount was subsequently repaired and donated to Brooklands Museum for preservation.[97]
  • On 6 March 1997, a Piper PA-34 Seneca (registration: G-NJML) flying a charter taking aircraft spare parts to Ostend, crashed 3.5 miles to the north-east of the airport whilst attempting to return following the failure of the Gyroscope in the aircraft's Attitude indicator. One of the two occupants was killed, the other seriously injured.[98]

Film appearances

  • A British United Air Ferries Carvair is seen transporting Auric Goldfinger and his car in the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger from Southend Airport to Geneva. In the scene, filmed in 1963, Sean Connery as Bond drives his Aston Martin DB5 into Southend Airport (having tracked Goldfinger's Rolls Royce to the airport), and takes it to Switzerland in pursuit of Goldfinger via the Carvair service.
  • The airport also appears in the 2001 film England Manager. It is shown when the team emerge to joyous crowds upon their arrival from the FIFA World Cup in Brazil.

See also

  • Expansion of London Southend Airport
  • List of airports in the United Kingdom and the British Crown Dependencies
  • Airports of London
  • Military history of Britain
  • Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
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11. ^Stobart Group strikes deal with easyJet at Southend Airport rail.co, published 17 June 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2011
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13. ^{{cite web |title=New Ireland & USA Gateway Opens with Aer Lingus Regional, operated by Aer Arann Route Launch |url=http://www.southendairport.com/news/latest-news/new-ireland-amp-usa-gateway-opens-with-aer-lingus-regional-operated-by-aer-arann-route-launch/ |accessdate=21 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826121354/http://www.southendairport.com/news/latest-news/new-ireland-amp-usa-gateway-opens-with-aer-lingus-regional-operated-by-aer-arann-route-launch/ |archivedate=26 August 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
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References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

  • {{Cite journal| title=Airliner World – Going for Olympic Gold: London's Southend Airport, pp. 42–48 |date=September 2010 | publisher=Key Publishing | place=Stamford, UK | issn= 1465-6337}} (Airliner World online)

External links

{{Commonscat inline|London Southend Airport}}
  • Official website
  • Read a detailed historical record about RAF Rochford/London Southend Airport
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110415013905/http://www.thesoutheastecho.co.uk/RAF_Rochford.htm RAF Rochford – History]
  • Historic Aviation at Southend from 1947 to 2002
{{Portalbar|London|United Kingdom|Aviation}}{{Airports in the United Kingdom}}{{Transport in London}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Southend Airport}}

6 : Airports in the London region|Airports in Essex|Airports established in 1914|Transport in Rochford District|Transport in Southend-on-Sea|Buildings and structures in Southend-on-Sea
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