“Long Ditton”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Long Ditton is a residential suburb in Surrey, England on the boundary with the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, London. In medieval times it was a village, occupying a narrow strip of land. Neighbouring settlements include Hinchley Wood, Thames Ditton and Surbiton.

Its northernmost part is {{convert|1.5|mi}} south-west of central Kingston upon Thames, 11.3 miles from Charing Cross, and {{convert|15|mi}} north-east of Guildford, the county town. It is briefly cut in its middle by the South Western Main Line and is bordered by a straight east-west spur road to meet the A3 in a cutting to the south. The old Portsmouth Road passes by the River Thames in the northern end of the village and the south bank here is privately owned.

In both local economy and public transport the high street and railway stations at Hinchley Wood and Surbiton are the nearest such amenities. Surbiton has many restaurants and cafés.

History

Two Dittons appear in the Domesday Book of 1086 and were written as Ditone and Ditune. The one that became known as Long Ditton was held by Picot from (i.e. under) Richard Fitz Gilbert. The one that became known as Thames Ditton was held by Wadard under Bishop Odo. Long Ditton's Domesday assets were: 4 hides; 1 church, 1 mill worth 9s, 3½ ploughs, woodland for 15 hogs, 1 house in Southwark paying 500 herrings. It rendered £2 10s 0d.^[3]

The ancient church dates in part from the 12th century. It had fallen into a bad state of decay by the 18th century. Various manors here supported the church and in return the vestry supported its inhabitants, including two{{Fix|text=two what?}} in Tolworth.^[4]

Merton Priory received all four neighbouring chapelries to Kingston{{clarifyme|date=February 2016}} under Henry I, therefore it is uncertain whether the manor had a church or chapel here at that period. Until the early 20th century the parish had two non-contiguous parts, Long Ditton proper and an exclave in Tolworth. A strip of Kingston parish, its hamlet of Hook, lay between the two parts. The western portion, Long Ditton proper, had {{convert|896|acres}}^[4] and had near-identical boundaries to today's ecclesiastical parish.

In the 18th century a replacement church was built on its site, with a small Greek cross plan, built of brick.^[4]

With only the church listed buildings{{clarifyme|date=February 2016}} many properties are Victorian – the rectory became very derelict in the early 20th century and it was decided to demolish it. Its greater part was half-timber; it is pictured in Malden's book on the county of Surrey, and is probably from the 16th century.^[4] In that century what is known of the village is its manor{{clarifyme|date=February 2016}} fell into the hands of George Evelyn, whose family took a dynastic hold over the village's prosperity. The Evelyns had the foresight, or good fortune, to be producing gunpowder during a rather explosive period of history. Gunpowder mills proliferated across Long Ditton and beyond to keep up with demand, and the Evelyns set about buying up much of the country that was heavily involved in the English Civil War, using the profits from gunpowder.^[4]

George's grandson John Evelyn, who gained posthumous fame for his Diary, had to flee the country during the Civil War as swathes of family land fell awkwardly between Royalist and Parliamentarian strongholds. It was John who gleaned further prestige for the family name with his assimilation into the Royal Court of Charles II. When St Mary's Church was rebuilt in 1880, and monuments erected to commemorate local dignitaries, there were few other Long Ditton celebrities to celebrate, and the place became something of an Evelyn shrine.^[4]

People buried in the churchyard include global businessman and civil structural engineer Terence Patrick O'Sullivan, Sir Sydney Camm (aircraft design engineer for Hawker) and Austin Partner, a victim of the sinking of the Titanic.^[5]

Remains of the 18th century on-site replacement for the medieval church can be seen in the churchyard's garden of rest, strewn with flat, crypt-style church floor memorials to the Evelyn family; it is Grade II listed.^[6] Only one of its memorials was moved to the present Church of England (parish) church built in 1880, designed by George Edmund Street. Built of expensive stone material, it is primarily of buff-covered coursed marble stone with Bath stone dressings overlying this in part, forming decorative arches.^[7]

Demography

A small part of the electoral ward, Long Ditton, was in the 2000s exchanged{{Fix|text=to and with what?}}, including adding to Hinchley Wood (south of Hinchley Wood railway station).

The Long Ditton ward's population at the 2011 census was 6,343 living in 2,504 households. The total area was unchanged from ten years before at {{convert|214|ha}} and the density had increased to 27.2 to 29.6 persons per hectare.^[1]

Geography

The place is one of only two small portions of Elmbridge that is part of a post town outside its area, in this case, Surbiton which is in the neighbouring borough of Kingston upon Thames.

Soil and Elevation

Long Ditton's soil is chiefly London clay, but to the north is Thames alluvial topsoil, gravel and sand, and it contains two patches of Bagshot Sand in the southern part.

Economy

Residential estates have been built on Long Ditton's former agricultural land, and it has become a dormitory settlement, and a satellite suburb to Esher, Kingston upon Thames and Surbiton. The nearest railway stations are Thames Ditton and Surbiton. Long Ditton is also served by buses.

It can be claimed that Long Ditton has retained its village character: it has village hall events and a cricket club. It is a clustered village, which has now developed its riverside.Modest green spaces are interspersed with housing in the area; they are principally recreation grounds and do not form buffer zones with other settlements, except some commercial plant nurseries and garden centre businesses which separate Long Ditton from Claygate.

Residents' Association

The Long Ditton Residents' Association (LDRA - www.longditton.org) is a non-political body whose aims are to preserve Long Ditton from overdevelopment, maintain its character, improve its amenities and defend its remaining surrounding Metropolitan Green Belt.^[8]

Demography and housing

The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.

The proportion of households in the settlement who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

Notable residents

Notes and references

1. ^¹²³Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density United Kingdom Census 2011 Office for National Statistics Retrieved 21 November 2013
2. ^Ecclesiastical Parish (an Ancient Parish in this instance), definition
3. ^Surrey Domesday Book {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030192829/http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm |date=30 October 2007 }}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43015 |title=Parishes: Long Ditton |editor=H.E. Malden |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1911 |work=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3 |accessdate=30 September 2013 }}
5. ^encyclopedia-titanica.org
6. ^Remains of the old church {{National Heritage List for England|num=1377470|accessdate=30 September 2013}}
7. ^Church of St Mary {{National Heritage List for England|num=1188093|accessdate=30 September 2013}}
8. ^Long Ditton Residents' Association Website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515102500/http://www.longditton.org/index.asp |date=15 May 2008 }}
9. ^Entry for grave of Sydney Camm in the Findagrave website. http://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40091414/sydney-camm