| 词条 | Anatoly Alexandrov (physicist) |
| 释义 |
| name = Anatoly Alexandrov | image = 2003. Марка России 0818 hi.jpg | caption = 2003 Russian stamp commemorating Alexandrov. | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1903|02|13}} | birth_place = Tarascha, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1994|02|03|1903|02|13}} | death_place = Moscow, Russian Federation | nationality = Soviet, Russian | fields = Physics | workplaces = | alma_mater = Kiev University (1930) | notable_students = | doctoral_advisor = Abram Ioffe | academic_advisors= | doctoral_students= Yuri Semenovich Lazurkin | known_for = | awards = {{nowrap|Hero of Socialist Labor {{small|(1954, 1960, 1973)}} Lenin Prize {{small|(1959)}} State Stalin Prize {{small|(1942, 1949, 1951, 1953)}} Kurchatov Medal {{small|(1968)}} Lomonosov Gold Medal {{small|(1978)}}}} | signature = | footnotes = }} Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov ({{lang-ru|Анатолий Петрович Александров}}, 13 February 1903, Tarascha – 3 February 1994, Moscow), also known as A.P Alaexandrov, was a Russian physicist, director of the Kurchatov Institute, academician (from 1953) and president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1975–1986). By the end of his life he had become the third most decorated man in the Soviet Union.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} Anatoly Alexandrov was born on 13 February 1903 into the family of a prominent judge in the town of Tarascha, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire (now located in modern-day Ukraine). After his graduation in 1930, he was invited by Abram Ioffe to join him in Leningrad.{{sfn|Johnson's Russia List}} Alexandrov became prominent during World War II, when he devised in collaboration with Igor Kurchatov a method of demagnetizing ships to protect them from German mines. The method was effective by the end of 1941 and was in active use through the end of the war and afterwards. Both Alexandrov and Kurchatov worked at the Ioffe Institute by that time (their laboratory separated from the Ioffe Institute and moved to Moscow in 1943 for the work on the Soviet atomic bomb project).[1][2][3] Alexandrov was a member of Communist Party from 1962. Described by colleagues as a brilliant scientist and organizer, he was deeply affected by the Chernobyl disaster, the worst nuclear accident in history. It killed at least 32 people and caused widespread radioactive contamination. Tens of thousands of people were evacuated as a result. The accident subsequently prompted the Soviet Government to review and suspend the ambitious nuclear power program. Alexandrov died of cardiac arrest on 3 February 1994 in Moscow. Honours and awards
References1. ^Александров А. П. Годы с Курчатовым // Наука и жизнь, 1983, № 2 {{ref-ru}} 2. ^Коптев Ю. И. Виза безопасности. — СПб.: Изд-во Политехнического Университета, 2008. — 66 стр. {{ref-ru}} 3. ^Регель В. Р. Размагничивание кораблей в годы Великой Отечественной войны // Природа. 1975, № 4 {{ref-ru}} External links
| title = President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR | years = 1975–1986 | before = Mstislav Keldysh | after = Gury Marchuk }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexandrov, Anatoly Petrovich}} 22 : 1903 births|1994 deaths|Heroes of Socialist Labour|Lenin Prize winners|Presidents of the USSR Academy of Sciences|Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences|People from Tarashcha|People from Kiev Governorate|Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal|Recipients of the Order of Lenin|Recipients of the Order of Sukhbaatar|Russian inventors|Russian physicists|Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University alumni|Soviet inventors|20th-century scientists|Soviet physicists|20th-century physicists|Stalin Prize winners|Soviet professors|Russian professors|Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin |
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