| 词条 | SMART Recovery |
| 释义 |
| name = SMART Recovery | pronounce = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | named_after = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | motto = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = {{start date and age|1994}} | founder = | founding_location = | extinction = | merger = | type = | tax_id = | registration_id = | status = | purpose = | headquarters = 7304 Mentor Avenue Suite F Mentor, Ohio 44060 | location = | coords = | region = | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | website = {{URL|www.smartrecovery.org|SMARTRecovery.org}} | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }}SMART Recovery is an international non-profit organization that provides assistance to individuals seeking abstinence from addictions. SMART is an acronym for Self-Management and Recovery Training. The SMART approach is secular and scientifically-based, using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and non-confrontational motivational methods.[1] SMART Recovery presents itself as an alternative to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other twelve-step programs. SMART differs from AA by not encouraging individuals to admit powerlessness over addictions, not using the concept of a "Higher Power", and not endorsing the disease theory of alcoholism. Addiction is viewed by the organization as a dysfunctional habit, rather than a disease, while allowing that it is possible that certain people have a predisposition toward addictive behavior.[2] HistoryIncorporated in 1992 as the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Self-Help Network (ADASHN), the organization began operating under the SMART Recovery name in 1994.[3][4] General operations are overseen by a volunteer board of directors, which initially included Dr. Marc Kern.{{citation needed|reason=added without citation in March 2013|date=March 2013}} Local groups are run by volunteers known as "facilitators" with the assistance of volunteer recovery professionals called "volunteer advisors". A central office is currently maintained in Mentor, Ohio.[5] SMART Recovery offers its services for free. Donations are encouraged, and its publications are sold.[6] MethodologySMART Recovery is based on scientific knowledge and is intended to evolve as scientific knowledge evolves.[7] The program uses principles of motivational interviewing found in motivational enhancement therapy (MET)[8] and techniques taken from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly in the version called rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment.[9] The organization's program emphasizes four areas, called the 4-Point Program, in the process of recovery: Building Motivation, Coping with Urges, Problem Solving, and Lifestyle Balance.[10] The "SMART Toolbox" is a collection of various MET, CBT and REBT methods, or "tools", which address the 4 Points.[11] SMART Recovery can be used as a stand-alone primary recovery support program for those seeking help recovering from addictions but does not insist on being exclusive.[12] The program does not use the twelve steps that make up the basis of the various "Anonymous" self-help groups (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), etc.) and is generally listed as an "Alternative to AA" or an "Alternative to the Twelve Steps."[13][14][15] SMART Recovery believes that each individual finds his and her own path to recovery. Though listed as an "alternative", it is also suggested as a possible "supplement" to twelve-step programs in SMART Recovery's main program publication, The SMART Recovery Handbook.[16] Stages of changeSMART Recovery recognizes that participants may be in one or more of various stages of change and that different exercises may be helpful at different stages.[17]
Side event: Relapse – Although not inevitable, relapses are a normal part of the change cycle and if handled well, can serve as a learning experience in overcoming an addiction.[17] MeetingsThe meetings are free for all wishing to attend and are intended to be informational as well as supportive.[18] Over 1500 weekly group meetings led by volunteer facilitators are held worldwide.[19] In addition, the organization provides online resources and support to the volunteers and those attending the groups and one or more daily online meetings.[20] Meetings are also held in correctional facilities in many states including: Arizona, California, Florida, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. SMART Family & FriendsSMART Family & Friends is an online or face-to-face support group for Concerned Significant Others (CSOs) of people struggling with addictions. The group was started in September 2010. Its purpose is to address specific issues encountered when a family member or friend tries to reach out and help a loved one[21] and it draws from the work of Robert Meyers' community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) program, which differs significantly from Al-Anon in that it is a behavioral program which advocates that the CSO can have a positive impact on the substance abuser. The CRAFT program has been demonstrated in Meyers' research to be more effective than the Vernon Johnson-type intervention or Al-Anon, with less negative side-effects and better outcomes, whether or not the substance abuser enters treatment.[22][23] EffectivenessA 2018 longitudinal study compared the self-reported success of SMART Recovery, LifeRing Secular Recovery, Women For Sobriety, and Alcoholics Anonymous. After normalizing for income and other demographic factors, the study saw that SMART Recovery fared worse across the outcomes of alcohol abstinence, alcohol drinking problems, and total abstinence, compared to Alcoholics Anonymous. However, after normalizing for treatment goal, SMART Recovery members who pursued abstinence did as well across all three factors as members of AA. In other words, among AA members and members of SMART Recovery who wanted to abstain, both programs had the same success rate.[24] RecognitionSMART is recognized by the American Academy of Family Physicians,[25] as well as the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)[26] and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).[27] NIDA and NIAAA are agencies of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. See also{{Div col}}
References1. ^{{cite news | title=Religiosity and Participation in Self-Help Groups | date=2007-10-17 | publisher=The Walsh Group | url =http://www.jointogether.org/news/research/pressreleases/2007/religiosity-and-participation.html | accessdate = 2007-12-11}} 2. ^{{cite journal|title=Smart Recovery: Addiction Recovery Support from a Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective|journal=Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy|date=October 2000 |first=AT |last=Horvath |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=181–191|doi=10.1023/A:1007831005098}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_1_60/ai_59021330/pg_3 |title=Addiction Alternatives for Recovery |accessdate=2007-12-12 |last=Lemanski |first=Michael J. |year=2000 |work=The Humanist |publisher=University of Michigan Health System}} 4. ^{{cite book | last = Humphreys | first = Keith | title = Circles of Recovery: Self-help Organizations for Addictions | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2003 | pages = 82–86 | isbn = 0-521-79277-0 }} 5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.smartrecovery.org/resources/pdfs/AnnualReport2013.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010224909/http://www.smartrecovery.org/resources/pdfs/AnnualReport2013.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-10 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 6. ^{{cite book | last = Hovarth | first = A. Thomas | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network, Inc.| year = 2004 | location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 1/Page5 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }} 7. ^{{cite book | last = Steinberger | first = H. | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network, Inc.| year = 2004 | location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 1/Page5 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }} 8. ^{{Cite book| first=W.R. | last=Miller| contribution=Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals With Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.| title=Project MATCH Monograph Series| publisher=National Institute of Health | year=1995|display-authors=etal}} 9. ^{{cite book | last = Hester & Miller | title = Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Effective Alternatives | publisher = Allyn and Bacon | year = 2002 | location = University of Michigan | isbn = 0-205-36064-5 }} 10. ^{{cite book | last = Shaw | first = BR | authorlink = | title = Addiction & Recovery for Dummies | publisher = Wiley Publishing | year = 2005 | pages = 176–177 |isbn = 0-7645-7625-9|display-authors=etal}} 11. ^{{cite journal |title=Comparing treatments for dual diagnosis: Twelve-Step and Self Management and Recovery Training |journal=American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |year=2003 |first=A.J. |last=Brooks |author2=Penn, P. E. |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=359–383 |doi=10.1081/ADA-120020519 |pmid=12765211}} 12. ^{{cite book | last = Hardin| first = Rosemary| title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network, Inc.| year = 2013 | location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Chapter 1: Welcome to SMART, Section: How is SMART different from other recovery programs? | ISBN= 978-0-615-85267-6 }} 13. ^{{cite journal|title=Models of alcoholism used in treatment: Contrasting A.A. and other perspectives with which it is often confused |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol |year=1994 |first=W. R. |last=Miller |author2=Kurtz, E. |volume=55 |pages=159–166|pmid=8189736|issue=2 }} 14. ^{{cite book | last = Volpicelli | first = Joseph |author2=Maia Szalavitz | title = Recovery Options: The Complete Guide | publisher = Wiley Publishing | year = 2000 | pages = 149–151 | isbn = 0-471-34575-X }} 15. ^{{cite news | title=SMART Alternative Self-Help Groups Tackle Substance Abuse | publisher=Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | url =http://www.rwjf.org/reports/grr/027460s.htm | accessdate = 2007-12-12}} 16. ^{{cite book | last = Steinberger | first = H. | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network, Inc.| year = 2004 | location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 1/Page4 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }} 17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book | last = Steinberger | first = H. | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network, Inc.| year = 2004 | location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 2/Page8 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }} 18. ^{{cite book | last = Shaw | first = BR | title = Addiction & Recovery for Dummies | publisher = Wiley Publishing | year = 2005 | location = | pages = 176–177 | isbn = 0-7645-7625-9|display-authors=etal}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.smartrecovery.org/2015/06/30/1500-smart-recovery-meetings/|title=1500 SMART Recovery Meetings – SMART Recovery|date=30 June 2015|publisher=}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.smartrecovery.org/meetings/olschedule.htm |title=Online Meeting Schedule |accessdate=2009-05-29}} 21. ^For Family & Friends SMART Recovery website. Retrieved 2010-10-18. 22. ^Smith, J.E. & Meyers, R.J. (2004)Motivating Substance Abusers to Enter Treatment: Working with Family Members; Guilford Press 23. ^Meyers, RJ & Wolfe, B. (2004) Get Your Loved One Sober: Alternative to Nagging, Pleading and Threatening by Meyers, Hazelden Press 24. ^{{cite journal|title=A longitudinal study of the comparative efficacy of Women for Sobriety, LifeRing, SMART Recovery, and 12-step groups for those with AUD|journal=Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment|volume=88|pages=18–26|doi=10.1016/j.jsat.2018.02.004|pmid=29606223|pmc=5884451|year=2018|last1=Zemore|first1=Sarah E|last2=Lui|first2=Camillia|last3=Mericle|first3=Amy|last4=Hemberg|first4=Jordana|last5=Kaskutas|first5=Lee Ann|laysummary=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/3/5/17071690/alcoholics-anonymous-aa-smart-lifering-study}} 25. ^{{cite journal |title=Substance Abuse--How To Recognize It |journal=American Family Physician |date=2003-04-01 |volume=67 |issue=7 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20030401/1535ph.html |accessdate=2007-12-12}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide |publisher=National Institute on Drug Abuse |url=http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODAT6.html#FAQ9 |accessdate=2007-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910224134/http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODAT6.html |archivedate=2007-09-10 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 27. ^{{cite web |url=https://ncadistore.samhsa.gov/catalog/referrals.aspx?topic=83&h=resources |title=Alcohol and Drug Information |accessdate=2007-12-12 |publisher=US Dept of Health and Human Services |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215053543/http://ncadistore.samhsa.gov/catalog/referrals.aspx?topic=83&h=resources |archivedate=2007-12-15 |df= }} Further reading{{refbegin}}
External links
7 : Addiction organizations in the United States|Support groups|Organizations established in 1992|Mentor, Ohio|Positive mental attitude|Psychosocial rehabilitation|Mental health organizations in Ohio |
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