| 词条 | Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary | |||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = nature reserving sanctuary | image_skyline = Vedanthangal Lake.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = View of Vedanthangal Lake | pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India | coordinates = {{coord|12|32|44|N|79|51|21|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Tamil Nadu | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Kancheepuram | established_title = Established | established_date = 1936 | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = 323 | area_total_km2 = 0.3 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = 232 | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Tamil | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 236 | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city | blank1_info_sec1 = Chennai | blank2_name_sec1 = Governing body | blank2_info_sec1 = Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India | website = | footnotes = }}Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is a {{convert|30|ha|adj=on}} protected area located in the Kancheepuram District and Madurantakam taluk of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The sanctuary is about {{Convert|75|km}} from Chennai on National Highway 45 (NH45). Easily reachable from Madurantakam and Chengalpattu. More than 40,000 birds (including 26 rare species), from various parts of the world visit the sanctuary during the migratory season every year.[1] Vedanthangal is home to migratory birds such as pintail, garganey, grey wagtail, blue-winged teal, common sandpiper and the like.[1] Vedanthangal is the oldest water bird sanctuary in the country.[2][3] Vedanthangal in Tamil language means 'hamlet of the hunter'.[4] This area was a favourite hunting spot of the local landlords in the early 18th century. The region attracted a variety of birds because it was dotted with small lakes that acted as feeding grounds for the birds. Realising its ornithological importance, the British government undertook steps to develop Vedanthangal into a bird sanctuary as early as 1798. This was established in 1858 by the order of the Collector of Chengalpattu. The best time to visit this sanctuary is from November to March. During this time, birds are seen busy building and maintaining their nests. Villagers near this sanctuary are very concerned about the sanctuary and its winged residents, and they have taken many serious steps to avoid disturbance to the flow of birds. HistoryThe Vedanthangal lake bird sanctuary has a tradition of the people actively protecting birds coming to the area since time immemorial. The local people understood the relationship between birds and the productivity of their crops even before the concept of wildlife conservation came into vogue. They knew that the bird droppings in the water created guano which acted as fertilizer. Towards the end of the 18th century local villagers complained to the collector of Chengalpet Lionel Palace, about the British soldiers shooting the birds. They demanded and obtained a 'Cowle' from the collector (Mr Place, Collector of Chingleput 1796-1798[5]) to protect the birds. In 1936 the collector officially recognized the lake as a sanctuary. In 1962 it was given the legal status of reserved forest under the Madras Forest Act. Several accounts of the sanctuary were published in the mid-19th century.[6][7] In 1936, the park was notified as a sanctuary, and in 1962, the Madras Forest Act legally accorded the status of a reserve forest to Vedanthangal. Ten years later, the place was declared as a wildlife sanctuary. In the government order dated 8 July 1988, the area was declared as 'Vedanthangal Lake Bird Sanctuary', under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. In 1967, a rest house was constructed for the convenience of visiting inspecting officers and tourists. The area had a compact grove of more than 500 Barringtonia trees earlier. An additional 100 trees were planted in 1973 and over 1,000 trees were planted in 1996. Bird speciesThe Vedanthangal Lake Bird Sanctuary features thousands of birds coming from various countries, some of which can be easily identified. Some easily found birds include cormorants, darters, grebes, large egrets, little egrets, moorhens, night herons, paddy birds, painted storks, pintails, pond herons, sandpipers, shovellers, terns, white ibises and many more. The migratory birds include garganeys and teals from Canada; snake birds and glossy ibises from Sri Lanka; grey pelicans from Australia; grey herons and openbilled stork from Bangladesh; painted storks from Siberia; spoonbills from Burma and the spot-billed duck. It is a good tourist spot {{multiple image| align = left | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = | header_background = | footer = Vedanthangal birds during season | footer_align = center | footer_background = | width = | background color = | image1 = Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary - Evening.JPG | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | image2 = Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary at season.JPG | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | image3 = Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary.jpg | width3 = 210 | alt3 = | image4 = Painted Stork at Vedanthangal, Chennai.jpg | width4 = 170 | alt4 = }} LocationThe Vedanthangal bird sanctuary is the smallest bird sanctuary in India situated near to the small town of Padalam in the Kancheepuram district in the state of Tamil Nadu.[8] The bird sanctuary is located in the area of 74 acres and it is better to visit it during the months of October and March to see the nesting birds. The Vedanthangal bird sanctuary is located at the distance of 75 km from Chennai on National highway. The LakeThe Vedanthangal lake is situated 122 m above sea level. It supplies water to 250 acres of agricultural land around the area. The west and south sides of the lake are bordered by a long bund, whereas the northern and eastern sides extend to the agricultural lands. Input of water into this lake is through four small canals. Maximum depth of the lake is 5 metres. The area receives an average annual rainfall of 10 mm, mostly from the north-east monsoon.[3] Flora and faunaFlora: Barringtonia acutangula, Acacia nilotica, and Alangium salviflorum trees and dry evergreen scrub and thorn forests. Fauna: monkeys and other common mammals can be spotted. Birds: garganey, teal, glossy ibis, grey heron, grey pelican, open-billed stork, painted stork, snake bird, spoonbill, spot bill duck, cormorants, darter, grebes, large egret, little egrets, moorhen, night herons, paddy bird, painted stork, pintails, pond heron, sandpiper, shovellers, terns, white ibis. They migrate from Europe during November and December to escape the frost that sets in. {{clear}}{{Panorama|image = File:Panorama of Vedanthangal 1.jpg| |height = 480 |caption = Panoramic view of Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary }} Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary List of birdsThe breeding waterbirds found at the Vedanthangal bird sanctuary are:[9]
ConservationSeveral steps have been taken by the Government of Tamil Nadu to protect the area. Water channels have been built by the Public Works Department to facilitate water supply to the sanctuary from neighbouring lakes.[2] In 2013, two lakh Barringtonia saplings were planted in the sanctuary to allow birds to nest. The Vedanthangal lake was also desilted and deepened to hold more water.[2] See also
References1. ^[https://archive.org/stream/VedanthangalByM.Krishnan/KrishnanVed#page/n9/mode/2up Vedanthangal - M.Krishnan pg.9] 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/bird-sanctuaries-to-open-on-friday/article5361511.ece| location=Chennai | work=The Hindu | first= Madhavan | last= D | title= Bird sanctuaries to open on Friday | date=2013-11-18}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=VenkatramanG|first1=|last2=Thiyagesan K|first2=|last3=Nagarajan R|first3=|author4=Jothinayakam, J.T.|title=Wildlife Biodiversity Conservation: Proceedings of the "National Seminar on Wildlife Biodiversity Conservation", 13 to 15 October, 2006, a Seminar Conducted During the "bi-decennial Celebrations" of Pondicherry University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vlx-ho5EvyoC&pg=PA93|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Daya Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7035-529-8|pages=93–}} 4. ^University of Chennai - Tamil Lexicon 5. ^{{cite book|author=Bates, RSP|year=1931|title=Birdlife in India|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society|url=https://archive.org/stream/BirdLifeIndia/BirdlifeIndia#page/n50/mode/1up}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=Shortt, John|year=1866|title=Account of a heronry, and breeding-place of other water-birds, in southern India|journal=Zoologist|volume=1|pages=11–16|url=https://archive.org/stream/zoologist24lond#page/11/mode/1up/}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Hume, AO|title=The nests and eggs of Indian Birds. Volume 3|pages=238–239|url=https://archive.org/stream/nestseggsofindia03humerich#page/237/mode/1up|year=1889|publisher=R H Porter}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://blog.chennaig.com/a/2292--vedanthangal-bird-sanctuary-chennai-address-entry-fee-location.html#Address |title=Location of Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary |publisher=ChennaiG.com}} 9. ^Santharam, V. and R. K. G. Menon. 1991. [https://archive.org/stream/NLBW31_1112#page/n8/mode/1up Some observations on the water-bird populations of the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary]. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 31 (11-12): 6-8 External links{{Commons category|Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary|position=left}}{{clear}}{{Protected areas of Tamil Nadu}}{{Eastern Ghats}} 6 : Bird sanctuaries of Tamil Nadu|Important Bird Areas of India|Coromandel Coast|Eastern Ghats|South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests|Protected areas of Tamil Nadu |
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