请输入您要查询的百科知识:

 

词条 1996 Summer Olympics torch relay
释义

  1. Torch

  2. Route

  3. Sponsorship

  4. Opening ceremony

  5. References

{{Infobox Olympic torch relay|1996|Summer
| Logo = 1996 Olympic Torch Relay logo.svg
| caption =
| host city = Atlanta, United States
| countries visited = Greece, United States of America
| distance = {{convert|26875|km}}
| torch bearers = 12,467
| theme =
| start date = April 27, 1996
| end date = July 19, 1996[1]
| torch designer = Malcolm Grear
| torch development =
| number of torches =
}}{{1996 Summer Olympics}}

The 1996 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from April 27, 1996, until July 19, 1996, prior to the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.[1] The route covered {{convert|26875|km}} across the United States and included a trek on the Pony Express, a ride on the Union Pacific Railroad, and a torch was taken into space for the first time. The relay involved over 12,000 torchbearers, including Muhammad Ali, who was chosen to light the Olympic cauldron.[2]

Torch

The torch was designed by Malcolm Grear and featured 22 aluminum "reeds" intended to represent the number of times that the Games had been held. A gold-plated band towards the base of the torch features the names of all 20 host cities up to and including Atlanta while the logo is etched into another band near the top. The handle, made of Georgia hardwood by Hillerich & Bradsby Co, maker of Louisville Slugger bats, is found near the center of the {{convert|76|cm}} torch.[4][5] In total it weighed {{convert|1600|g}}.[5] Torchbearers were allowed to purchase for $275 the torch that they had carried.[7]

Route

The initial journey of the Olympic flame always begins in Olympia. Over 800 people carried the torch a distance of {{convert|2141|km}} across Greece, the most extensive in the history of the Games.[5] The flame then landed at Los Angeles International Airport on April 27, 1996, and was met with a welcome ceremony. The first torchbearer of the American part of the relay, Rafer Johnson, was the final torchbearer at the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles. It went on to visit 42 states and 29 state capitols along a journey of {{convert|26875|km}}.[4][5] The torch was carried by 12,467 bearers including 2,000 former Olympians or other people somehow linked to the Olympic movement, 5,500 people who had been nominated locally as "community heroes", and 2,500 people picked out in a draw.[5][7]

The route was designed to take in as many historically and culturally significant locations as possible. The torch was first carried to Santa Monica Pier and was greeted at the first of hundreds of celebratory events. It then proceeded along the coast and up to Kingman, Arizona, at which point it joined the famous Route 66, passing close to the Grand Canyon and reaching Hoover Dam. It was carried across by Martha Watson and the world's largest US flag was unfurled across the wall of the dam.

The route featured a wide variety in the methods of transport used, including bicycles, boats, and trains.[4] From Las Vegas the flame was passed onto a special cauldron car on a Union Pacific train, the first of several train journeys. The National Pony Express Association participated in the journey with riders carrying the torch for over 56 continuous hours. On June 12 the torch was taken on board a replica of a 19th-century packet boat and pulled for {{convert|3.2|km}} along Erie Canal by mule. The torch was also carried into space for the first time, with astronauts taking an unlit torch with them aboard Space Shuttle Columbia as part of STS-78.[18][19][20][21] This was replicated during the 2000 Summer Olympics torch relay and as part of the 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay.[21]

While the relay went without any major mishaps there was need for a 15-mile diversion on the route between Baton Rouge and New Orleans – a {{convert|310000|USgal}} gasoline spillage in Gramercy, Louisiana, necessitated the detour.[7]

April 27 (day 1): Los Angeles

April 28 (day 2): San Diego

April 29 (day 3): Yuma

April 30 (day 4): Phoenix

May 1 (day 5): Las Vegas

May 2 (day 6): San Luis Obispo

May 3 (day 7): San Jose

May 4 (day 8): San Francisco

May 5 (day 9): Sacramento

May 6 (day 10): Eugene

May 7 (day 11): Salem

May 8 (day 12): Portland

May 9 (day 13): Olympia

May 10 (day 14)): Seattle

May 11 (day 15): Boise

May 12 (day 16): Pocatello

May 13 (day 17): Salt Lake City

May 14 (day 18): Cheyenne

May 15 (day 19): Denver

May 16 (day 20): Colorado Springs

May 17 (day 21): Kearney

May 18 (day 22): St. Joseph

May 19 (day 23): Kansas City

May 20 (day 24): Topeka

May 21 (day 25): Wichita

May 22 (day 26): Oklahoma City

May 23 (day 27): Dallas

May 24 (day 28): Fort Worth

May 25 (day 29)): Baton Rouge

May 26 (day 30): New Orleans

May 27 (day 31): Jackson

May 28 (day 32): Little Rock

May 29 (day 33): Memphis

May 30 (day 34): St. Louis

May 31 (day 35): Iowa City

June 1 (day 36): Cedar Rapids

June 2 (day 37): Minneapolis

June 3 (day 38): Saint Paul

June 4 (day 39): Milwaukee

June 5 (day 40): Chicago

June 6 (day 41): Indianapolis

June 7 (day 42): Louisville

June 8 (day 43): Cincinnati

June 9 (day 44): Columbus

June 10 (day 45): Detroit

June 11 (day 46): Cleveland

June 12 (day 47): Erie

June 13 (day 48): Buffalo

June 14 (day 49): Niagara Falls

June 15 (day 50): Rochester

June 16 (day 51): Albany

June 17 (day 52): Bennington

June 18 (day 53): Nashua

June 19 (day 54): Boston

June 20 (day 55): Providence

June 21 (day 56): New Haven

June 22 (day 57): New York City

June 23 (day 58): Trenton

June 24 (day 59): Philadelphia

June 25 (day 60): Baltimore

June 26 (day 61): Washington, D.C.

June 27 (day 62): Richmond

June 28 (day 63): Raleigh

June 29 (day 64): Winston-Salem

June 30 (day 65): Charlotte

July 1 (day 66): Greenville

July 2 (day 67): Knoxville

July 3 (day 68): Nashville

July 4 (day 69): Birmingham

July 5 (day 70): Montgomery

July 6 (day 71): Tallahassee

July 7 (day 72): Gainesville

July 8 (day 73): Tampa

July 9 (day 74): Sarasota

July 10 (day 75): Miami

July 11 (day 76): Fort Lauderdale

July 12 (day 77): West Palm Beach

July 13 (day 78): Orlando

July 14 (day 79): Daytona Beach

July 15 (day 80): Savannah

July 16 (day 81): Macon

July 17 (day 82): Athens

July 18 (day 83): Rome

July 19 (day 84): Atlanta

July 19 (day 84): Centennial Olympic Stadium

DateMap
USA Californiawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA California|label=Los Angeles|position=|link=Los Angeles|lat_deg=34.05|lon_deg=-118.25}}{{Location map~|USA California|label=San Diego|position=|link=San Diego|lat_deg=32.715|lon_deg=-117.1625}}
}}
USA Arizonawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Arizona|label=Yuma|position=|link=Yuma, Arizona|lat_deg=32.692222|lon_deg=-114.615278}}{{Location map~|USA Arizona|label=Phoenix|position=|link=Phoenix, Arizona|lat_deg=33.45|lon_deg=-112.066667}}
}}
USA Nevadawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Nevada|label=Las Vegas|position=|link=Las Vegas|lat_deg=36.175|lon_deg=-115.136389}}
}}
USA Californiawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA California|label=San Luis Obispo|position=|link=San Luis Obispo, California|lat_deg=35.274167|lon_deg=-120.663056}}{{Location map~|USA California|label=San Jose|position=|link=San Jose, California|lat_deg=37.333333|lon_deg=-121.9}}{{Location map~|USA California|label=San Francisco|position=left|link=San Francisco|lat_deg=37.783333|lon_deg=-122.416667}}{{Location map~|USA California|label=Sacramento|position=|link=Sacramento, California|lat_deg=38.555556|lon_deg=-121.468889}}
}}
USA Oregonwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Oregon|label=Eugene|position=|link=Eugene, Oregon|lat_deg=44.051944|lon_deg=-123.086667}}{{Location map~|USA Oregon|label=Salem|position=|link=Salem, Oregon|lat_deg=44.930833|lon_deg=-123.028889}}{{Location map~|USA Oregon|label=Portland|position=|link=Portland, Oregon|lat_deg=45.52|lon_deg=-122.681944}}
}}
USA Washingtonwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Washington|label=Olympia|position=|link=Olympia, Washington|lat_deg=47.0425|lon_deg=-122.893056}}{{Location map~|USA Washington|label=Seattle|position=|link=Seattle|lat_deg=47.609722|lon_deg=-122.333056}}
}}
USA Idahowidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Idaho|label=Boise|position=|link=Boise, Idaho|lat_deg=43.613739|lon_deg=-116.237651}}{{Location map~|USA Idaho|label=Pocatello|position=|link=Pocatello, Idaho|lat_deg=42.875222|lon_deg=-112.447278}}
}}
USA Utahwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Utah|label=Salt Lake City|position=|link=Salt Lake City|lat_deg=40.75|lon_deg=-111.883333}}
}}
USA Wyomingwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Wyoming|label=Cheyenne|position=|link=Cheyenne, Wyoming|lat_deg=41.145556|lon_deg=-104.801944}}
}}
USA Coloradowidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Colorado|label=Denver|position=|link=Denver|lat_deg=39.739167|lon_deg=-104.984722}}{{Location map~|USA Colorado|label=Colorado Springs|position=|link=Colorado Springs, Colorado|lat_deg=38.863333|lon_deg=-104.791944}}
}}
USA Nebraskawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Nebraska|label=Kearney|position=|link=Kearney, Nebraska|lat_deg=40.699330|lon_deg=-99.081678}}
}}
USA Missouriwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Missouri|label=St. Joseph|position=|link=St. Joseph, Missouri|lat_deg=39.758056|lon_deg=-94.836667}}{{Location map~|USA Missouri|label=Kansas City|position=|link=Kansas City, Missouri|lat_deg=39.099722|lon_deg=-94.578333}}
}}
USA Kansaswidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Kansas|label=Topeka|position=|link=Topeka, Kansas|lat_deg=39.055833|lon_deg=-95.689444}}{{Location map~|USA Kansas|label=Wichita|position=|link=Wichita, Kansas|lat_deg=37.688889|lon_deg=-97.336111}}
}}
USA Oklahomawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Oklahoma|label=Oklahoma City|position=|link=Oklahoma City|lat_deg=35.482222|lon_deg=-97.535}}
}}
USA Texaswidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Texas|label=Dallas|position=right|link=Dallas|lat_deg=32.775833|lon_deg=-96.796667}}{{Location map~|USA Texas|label=Fort Worth|position=left|link=Fort Worth, Texas|lat_deg=32.757358|lon_deg=-97.333181}}
}}
USA Louisianawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Louisiana|label=Baton Rouge|position=|link=Baton Rouge, Louisiana|lat_deg=30.45|lon_deg=-91.14}}{{Location map~|USA Louisiana|label=New Orleans|position=|link=New Orleans|lat_deg=29.966667|lon_deg=-90.05}}
}}
USA Mississippiwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Mississippi|label=Jackson|position=|link=Jackson, Mississippi|lat_deg=32.298889|lon_deg=-90.184722}}
}}
USA Arkansaswidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Arkansas|label=Little Rock|position=|link=Little Rock, Arkansas|lat_deg=34.736111|lon_deg=-92.331111}}
}}
USA Tennesseewidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Tennessee|label=Memphis|position=|link=Memphis, Tennessee|lat_deg=35.117365|lon_deg=-89.971068}}
}}
USA Missouriwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Missouri|label=St. Louis|position=|link=St. Louis|lat_deg=38.627222|lon_deg=-90.197778}}
}}
USA Iowawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Iowa|label=Iowa City|position=|link=Iowa City, Iowa|lat_deg=41.666667|lon_deg=-91.533333}}{{Location map~|USA Iowa|label=Cedar Rapids|position=top|link=Cedar Rapids, Iowa|lat_deg=41.983056|lon_deg=-91.668611}}
}}
USA Minnesotawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Minnesota|label=Minneapolis|position=left|link=Minneapolis|lat_deg=44.983333|lon_deg=-93.266667}}{{Location map~|USA Minnesota|label=Saint Paul|position=|link=Saint Paul, Minnesota|lat_deg=44.944167|lon_deg=-93.093611}}
}}
USA Wisconsinwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Wisconsin|label=Milwaukee|position=|link=Milwaukee|lat_deg=43.05|lon_deg=-87.95}}
}}
USA Illinoiswidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Illinois|label=Chicago|position=|link=Chicago|lat_deg=41.881944|lon_deg=-87.627778}}
}}
USA Indianawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Indiana|label=Indianapolis|position=|link=Indianapolis|lat_deg=39.791|lon_deg=-86.148}}
}}
USA Kentuckywidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Kentucky|label=Louisville|position=|link=Louisville, Kentucky|lat_deg=38.25|lon_deg=-85.766667}}
}}
USA Ohiowidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Ohio|label=Cincinnati|position=|link=Cincinnati|lat_deg=39.1|lon_deg=-84.516667}}{{Location map~|USA Ohio|label=Columbus|position=|link=Columbus, Ohio|lat_deg=39.983333|lon_deg=-82.983333}}
}}
USA Michiganwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Michigan|label=Detroit|position=|link=Detroit|lat_deg=42.331389|lon_deg=-83.045833}}
}}
USA Ohiowidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Ohio|label=Cleveland|position=|link=Cleveland|lat_deg=41.482222|lon_deg=-81.669722}}
}}
USA Pennsylvaniawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Pennsylvania|label=Erie|position=|link=Erie, Pennsylvania|lat_deg=42.129224|lon_deg=-80.085059}}
}}
USA New Yorkwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA New York|label=Buffalo|position=bottom|link=Buffalo, New York|lat_deg=42.886447|lon_deg=-78.878369}}{{Location map~|USA New York|label=Niagara Falls|position=top|link=Niagara Falls, New York|lat_deg=43.1|lon_deg=-79.016667}}{{Location map~|USA New York|label=Rochester|position=|link=Rochester, New York|lat_deg=43.165556|lon_deg=-77.611389}}{{Location map~|USA New York|label=Albany|position=|link=Albany, New York|lat_deg=42.6525|lon_deg=-73.757222}}
}}
USA Vermontwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Vermont|label=Bennington|position=|link=Bennington, Vermont|lat_deg=42.891111|lon_deg=-73.208056}}
}}
USA New Hampshirewidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA New Hampshire|label=Nashua|position=|link=Nashua, New Hampshire|lat_deg=42.7575|lon_deg=-71.450144}}
}}
USA Massachusettswidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Massachusetts|label=Boston|position=|link=Boston|lat_deg=42.360082|lon_deg=-71.058880}}
}}
USA Rhode Islandwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Rhode Island|label=Providence|position=|link=Providence, Rhode Island|lat_deg=41.823989|lon_deg=-71.412834}}
}}
USA Connecticutwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Connecticut|label=New Haven|position=|link=New Haven, Connecticut|lat_deg=41.308274|lon_deg=-72.927884}}
}}
USA New Yorkwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA New York|label=New York City|position=|link=New York City|lat_deg=40.712775|lon_deg=-74.005973}}
}}
USA New Jerseywidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA New Jersey|label=Trenton|position=|link=Trenton, New Jersey|lat_deg=40.217053|lon_deg=-74.742938}}
}}
USA Pennsylvaniawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Pennsylvania|label=Philadelphia|position=|link=Philadelphia|lat_deg=39.952584|lon_deg=-75.165222}}
}}
USA Marylandwidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Maryland|label=Baltimore|position=|link=Baltimore|lat_deg=39.290385|lon_deg=-76.612189}}{{Location map~|USA Maryland|label=Washington, D.C.|position=|link=Washington, D.C.|lat_deg=38.907192|lon_deg=-77.036871}}
}}
USA Virginiawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Virginia|label=Richmond|position=|link=Richmond, Virginia|lat_deg=37.540725|lon_deg=-77.436048}}
}}
USA North Carolinawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA North Carolina|label=Raleigh|position=|link=Raleigh, North Carolina|lat_deg=35.779590|lon_deg=-78.638179}}{{Location map~|USA North Carolina|label=Winston-Salem|position=left|link=Winston-Salem, North Carolina|lat_deg=36.099860|lon_deg=-80.244216}}{{Location map~|USA North Carolina|label=Charlotte|position=|link=Charlotte, North Carolina|lat_deg=35.227087|lon_deg=-80.843127}}
}}
USA South Carolinawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA South Carolina|label=Greenville|position=|link=Greenville, South Carolina|lat_deg=34.852618|lon_deg=-82.394010}}
}}
USA Tennesseewidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Tennessee|label=Knoxville|position=|link=Knoxville, Tennessee|lat_deg=35.960638|lon_deg=-83.920739}}{{Location map~|USA Tennessee|label=Nashville|position=left|link=Nashville, Tennessee|lat_deg=36.162664|lon_deg=-86.781602}}
}}
USA Alabamawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Alabama|label=Birmingham|position=|link=Birmingham, Alabama|lat_deg=33.520661|lon_deg=-86.802490}}{{Location map~|USA Alabama|label=Montgomery|position=|link=Montgomery, Alabama|lat_deg=32.366805|lon_deg=-86.299969}}
}}
USA Floridawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Tallahassee|position=|link=Tallahassee, Florida|lat_deg=30.438256|lon_deg=-84.280733}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Gainesville|position=left|link=Gainesville, Florida|lat_deg=29.651634|lon_deg=-82.324826}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Tampa|position=|link=Tampa, Florida|lat_deg=27.950575|lon_deg=-82.457178}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Sarasota|position=left|link=Sarasota, Florida|lat_deg=27.336435|lon_deg=-82.530653}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Miami|position=bottom|link=Miami|lat_deg=25.761680|lon_deg=-80.191790}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Fort Lauderdale|position=|link=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|lat_deg=26.122439|lon_deg=-80.137317}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=West Palm Beach|position=top|link=West Palm Beach, Florida|lat_deg=26.715342|lon_deg=-80.053375}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Orlando|position=|link=Orlando, Florida|lat_deg=28.538335|lon_deg=-81.379236}}{{Location map~|USA Florida|label=Daytona Beach|position=top|link=Daytona Beach, Florida|lat_deg=29.210815|lon_deg=-81.022833}}
}}
USA Georgiawidth=300float=rightcaption=places={{Location map~|USA Georgia|label=Savannah|position=|link=Savannah, Georgia|lat_deg=32.083541|lon_deg=-81.099834}}{{Location map~|USA Georgia|label=Macon|position=|link=Macon, Georgia|lat_deg=32.840695|lon_deg=-83.632402}}{{Location map~|USA Georgia|label=Athens|position=|link=Athens, Georgia|lat_deg=33.951935|lon_deg=-83.357567}}{{Location map~|USA Georgia|label=Rome|position=|link=Rome, Georgia|lat_deg=34.257038|lon_deg=-85.164673}}{{Location map~|USA Georgia|label=Atlanta|position=|link=Atlanta|lat_deg=33.748995|lon_deg=-84.387982}}{{Location map~|USA Georgia|label=Centennial Olympic Stadium|position=left|link=Centennial Olympic Stadium|lat_deg=33.734808|lon_deg=-84.389973}}
}}

Sponsorship

The relay was sponsored by Coca-Cola with accompanying cars, vans, and trucks emblazoned with the logo. Revenue from the drinks sold from the travelling party were donated to charity.[7] As part of the deal Coca-Cola were allowed to choose a quarter of the relay runners. They gave nomination forms away as part of a promotional deal with 12-packs of their cans with the entries largely being selected at random.[25]

Opening ceremony

The end of the relay took place on July 19, 1996, at the opening ceremony in Atlanta. Four-time gold medal-winning discus thrower Al Oerter carried the torch to the stadium, passing it to Evander Holyfield. Holyfield was then joined by Voula Patoulidou and the pair passed the flame to American swimmer Janet Evans, the penultimate torchbearer, who carried it around a lap of the track and up a long ramp leading towards the northern end of the stadium.[26][27]

The identity of the final torchbearer had been kept secret and was only revealed when Muhammad Ali appeared at the top of the ramp. Ali, who had won gold at the 1960 Games in Rome and later developed Parkinson's disease, lit a mechanical torch which then travelled along a wire, lighting the cauldron at the top of a {{convert|116|ft|adj=on}} tower.[26][27] His appearance has been referred to as being one of the most inspiring, poignant, and emotional moments in Olympic history.[26][31][32]

References

1. ^{{cite news |title=OLYMPICS;Torch Run Takes a Wrong Turn |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/09/sports/olympics-torch-run-takes-a-wrong-turn.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm |newspaper=New York Times |date=9 December 1995 |accessdate=7 May 2012 |first=Jere |last=Longman}}
2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.olympic.org/videos/muhammad-ali-lights-the-olympic-cauldron|title=Muhammad Ali Lights the Olympic Cauldron|date=2017-02-06|work=International Olympic Committee|access-date=2018-03-09|language=en}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1996/1996v2.pdf|title=The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games Volume II|publisher=The Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games|pages=68–69, 132|accessdate=October 7, 2013}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://olympic-museum.de/torches/torch1996.htm |title=Olympic Games Atlanta 1996 |publisher=Olympic-Museum.de |accessdate=October 7, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023014309/http://olympic-museum.de/torches/torch1996.htm |archivedate=October 23, 2013 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/olympics/longterm/torches/relay.htm|title=1996 Olympic Torch Relay At a Glance|work=Washington Post|accessdate=October 7, 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/espn25/story?page=moments/8|title=8: Ali lights the flame at the 1996 Olympics|publisher=ESPN|author=Weinberg, Rick|accessdate=October 8, 2013}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/McDougleSC/gallery/pages/P41-1_hires.htm|title=NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project|publisher=NASA|accessdate=October 8, 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.v-like-vintage.net/en/photo_details/109508_photo_STS-78+crew+holds+up+Olympic/|title=STS-78 crew holds up Olympic torch at SLF|publisher=V Like Vintage|accessdate=October 8, 2013}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1710085-on-todays-date-muhammad-ali-lights-the-torch-at-the-1996-olympics|title=On Today's Date: Muhammad Ali Lights the Torch at the 1996 Olympics|work=Bleacher Report|date=July 19, 2013|author=Thornburgh, Tristan|accessdate=October 7, 2013}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/26/us/15000-mile-olympic-torch-route-gives-lots-of-people-reasons-to-feelgood.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=15,000-Mile Olympic Torch Route Gives Lots of People Reasons to FeelGood|work=New York Times|date=May 26, 1996|author=Johnson, Dirk|accessdate=October 7, 2013}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-01-31/local/me-30689_1_olympic-torch|title=Teacher to Carry Olympic Torch : Compton educator, nominated by one of her eighth-grade students, is first in Southland to be chosen for the honor.|work=LA Times|date=January 31, 1996|author=Hong, Peter Y.|accessdate=October 12, 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/05/31/london-2012-olympics-countdown-ali-1996_n_1558241.html|title=London 2012 Olympics Countdown: Muhammad Ali Prompts Tears At Atlanta 1996|work=Huffington Post|date=May 31, 2012|author=Luckhurst, Samuel|accessdate=October 8, 2013}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.space.com/20798-russian-olympic-torch-spacewalk.html|title=Cosmonauts May Carry Olympic Torch and 'Flame' on Spacewalk|work=Space.com|date=April 23, 2013|author=Pearlman, Robert Z.|accessdate=October 8, 2013}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2433043/Olympic-Torch-step-closer-space-walk-astronauts-set-carry-void-arrive-International-Space-Station.html|title=Olympic Torch one step closer to first space walk as the astronauts set to carry it into the void arrive at International Space Station|work=Daily Mail|date=September 26, 2013|author=Gayle, Damien|accessdate=October 7, 2013|location=London}}
[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
}}{{Olympic torch relays}}

2 : 1996 Summer Olympics|Olympic torch relays

随便看

 

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

 

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/11/13 15:03:49