| 词条 | Apache Point Observatory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Apache Point Observatory |image = |caption = {{longitem|ARCSAT and SDSS telescope buildings at the Apache Point Observatory.|style=padding: 5px; line-height: 1.4em;}} |organization = Astrophysical Research Consortium |code = |location = Sunspot, New Mexico |coords = {{coord|32|46|49|N|105|49|13|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |altitude = {{convert|2788|m|ft|sp=us}} |weather = 65% clear nights |established = {{Start date|1985}} |closed = |website = {{URL|http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/}} |telescope1_name = Astrophysical Research Consortium telescope |telescope1_type = 3.5 m reflector |telescope2_name = Sloan Digital Sky Survey telescope |telescope2_type = 2.5 m reflector |telescope3_name = New Mexico State University telescope |telescope3_type = 1.0 m reflector |telescope4_name = ARCSAT |telescope4_type = 0.5 m reflector }} The Apache Point Observatory (APO; obs. code: 705) is an astronomical observatory located in the Sacramento Mountains in Sunspot, New Mexico, United States, approximately {{convert|18|miles|km|sp=us}} south of Cloudcroft. The observatory is operated by New Mexico State University (NMSU) and owned by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC). Access to the telescopes and buildings is private and restricted. During the 2018 closure of Sunspot, Apache Point Observatory remained open, although court documents later showed that the accused was employed at Apache Point Observatory. HistoryThe ARC was formed in 1984 with the goal of building the 3.5 m telescope. It originally consisted of five institutions: New Mexico State University, University of Washington, University of Chicago, Princeton University, and Washington State University, which has since withdrawn. Five additional organizations have joined over time: the Institute for Advanced Study, Johns Hopkins University, University of Colorado, University of Virginia, and Georgia State University. Funding for the 3.5 m and 0.5 m telescopes comes from consortium, but funds for the 2.5 m telescope come from a much wider array of sources. The 1.0 m telescope is supported exclusively by NMSU.[2] {{clear|left}}TelescopesARC 3.5 mThe ARC {{convert|3.5|m|in|abbr=on}} telescope is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector on an alt-azimuth mount with instruments attached at several focal points. Construction of the building began in 1985, but full operations of the telescope were delayed until November 1994 due to problems with fabricating the primary mirror.[3] From 1991 until early 1993 the telescope was fitted with a 1.8 m mirror now located at Rothney Astrophysical Observatory under a cost-sharing agreement.[4][5] There are a variety of optical and near-infrared instruments available for the 3.5 m telescope, including:
The 3.5 m telescope is also used by the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) lunar-ranging project. The APOLLO laser has been operational since October 2005, and routinely accomplishes millimeter-level range accuracy between the Earth and the Moon.[11][12] Observations using the 3.5 m telescope can be carried out remotely by observers using TUI, the Telescope User Interface, via the internet.[13] SDSS 2.5 mThe SDSS {{convert|2.5|m|in|abbr=on}} telescope is used for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and began operating in 2000. It is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector on an alt-azimuth mount housed under a roll-off enclosure. It was designed with an unusually large 3° field of view to better support its primary task of surveying the entire sky.[14] NMSU 1.0 mThe NMSU {{convert|1.0|m|in|abbr=on}} telescope is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector set on an alt-azimuth mount, and was completed in 1994.[15][16] A 2048x2048 CCD mounted at the Nasmyth focus provides at 15.7 arcminute view of the sky.[17] 0.5 m ARCSATThe ARC Small Aperture Telescope (ARCSAT) was previously called the Photometric Telescope (PT) when it was part of the SDSS project. It is a {{convert|0.5|m|in|abbr=on}} reflecting telescope on an equatorial mount, with a single CCD camera cooled by a CryoTiger unit.[18] It was built in 1991, moved from its previous location in 1998, and used by the SDSS until 2005.[19] It is currently used for small research projects. Former telescopes
List of discovered minor planetsThe Minor Planet Center credits the discovery of the following minor planets directly to the Apache Point Observatory:[21]
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite report |title=Apache Point Observatory: Facilities, Operations, and Partnerships |last=Holtzman |first=Jon |url=http://www8.nationalacademies.org/astro2010/DetailFileDisplay.aspx?id=438 |date=2009-03-15 |work=Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey |publisher=National Academies |accessdate=2012-01-14|display-authors=etal}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]2. ^1 {{cite web|title=A Brief History of the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) and the Apache Point Observatory (APO) |url=http://arc.apo.nmsu.edu/arc/ARC-History.html |publisher=Apache Point Observatory |author=Peterson, Jim |accessdate=2012-01-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811164946/http://arc.apo.nmsu.edu/arc/ARC-History.html |archivedate=2011-08-11 |df= }} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|bibcode=1992BAAS...24...17.|title=Annual Reports of Astronomical Observatories and Departments: Apache Point Observatory, Astrophysical Research Consortium|volume=24|year=1992|pages=17|journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|bibcode=1994BAAS...26...58Y|title=University of Chicago, Apache Point Observatory/Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois 60637|author1=York|first1=D. G.|volume=26|year=1994|pages=58|journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=ARC 3.5m {{!}} ARCES (Echelle)|url=http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/arc35m/Instruments/ARCES/ |publisher=Apache Point Observatory|accessdate=2012-01-07}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=ARC 3.5m {{!}} DIS|url=http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/arc35m/Instruments/DIS/|publisher=Apache Point Observatory|accessdate=2012-01-07}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=ARC 3.5m {{!}} NICFPS |url=http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/arc35m/Instruments/NICFPS/ |publisher=Apache Point Observatory|accessdate=2012-01-07}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=ARC 3.5m {{!}} SPIcam |url=http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/arc35m/Instruments/SPICAM/ |publisher=Apache Point Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-07}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |title=ARC 3.5m {{!}} TripleSpec |url=http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/arc35m/Instruments/TRIPLESPEC/ |publisher=Apache Point Observatory|accessdate=2012-01-07}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |title=APOLLO |url=http://physics.ucsd.edu/~tmurphy/apollo/apollo.html |publisher=Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation |accessdate=2012-01-07}} 11. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Battat |first=J. B. R. |last2=Murphy|first2= T. W.|last3= Adelberger|first3= E. G.|last4= Gillespie|first4= B.|last5= Hoyle|first5= C. D.|last6= McMillan|first6= R. J.|last7= Michelsen|first7= E. L.|last8= Nordtvedt|first8= K.|last9= Orin|first9= A. E.|last10= Stubbs|first10= C. W.|last11= Swanson|first11= H. E. |title=The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO): Two Years of Millimeter-Precision Measurements of the Earth-Moon Range1 |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |date=1 January 2009 |volume=121 |issue=875 |pages=29–40 |doi=10.1086/596748|bibcode = 2009PASP..121...29B }} 12. ^1 {{cite web |title=TUI Telescope User Interface |url=http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/35m_operations/TUI/ |publisher=Apache Point Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-07}} 13. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Gunn |first=James E. |title=The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=1 April 2006 |volume=131 |issue=4 |pages=2332–2359 |doi=10.1086/500975|arxiv = astro-ph/0602326 |bibcode = 2006AJ....131.2332G |display-authors=etal}} 14. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Holtzman |first=Jon A. |author2=Harrison, Thomas E.|author3=Coughlin, Jeffrey L. |title=The NMSU 1 m Telescope at Apache Point Observatory |journal=Advances in Astronomy |date=1 January 2010 |volume=2010 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1155/2010/193086 |url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aa/2010/193086/ |accessdate=2012-01-07|bibcode = 2010AdAst2010E..46H }} 15. ^1 {{cite web |title=APO 1m telescope Home Page |url=http://nmsu1m.apo.nmsu.edu/1m/ |publisher=Apache Point Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-07}} 16. ^1 {{cite journal|bibcode=1995BAAS...27....9.|title=Annual Reports of Astronomical Observatories and Departments: Astrophysical Research Consortium, Apache Point Observatory|volume=27|year=1995|pages=9|journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society}} 17. ^1 {{cite web |title=Astrophysical Research Consortium Small Aperture Telescope |url=http://users.apo.nmsu.edu/~arcsat/arcsat_mission.html |publisher=Apache Point Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-07}} 18. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=History of the 20-inch Telescope |url=http://users.apo.nmsu.edu/~arcsat/PT/History/index.html |publisher=Apache Point Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-07}} 19. ^1 {{cite web |title = Minor Planet Discoverers (by number) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html |date = 14 November 2016 |accessdate = 29 November 2016}} }} External links{{commons category|Apache Point Observatory}}
5 : Astronomical observatories in New Mexico|Buildings and structures in Otero County, New Mexico|Minor-planet discovering observatories|Tourist attractions in Otero County, New Mexico|1985 establishments in New Mexico |
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