| 词条 | Appius Claudius Caecus |
| 释义 |
Appius Claudius Caecus ("the blind"; c. 340 BC – 273 BC) was a Roman politician from a wealthy patrician family. He was the son of Gaius Claudius Crassus.[1] As censor he was responsible for the construction of Rome's first aqueduct and major road project. CareerCensorshipAppius Claudius Caecus was a censor in 312 BC, although he had not previously been consul which later was effectively a prerequisite for the office.[2]{{Elucidate|date=November 2015}} He sought support from the lower classes, allowing sons of freedmen to serve in the Senate, and extending voting privileges to men in the rural tribes who did not own land. During the Second Samnite War, he advocated the founding of Roman colonies (colonia) throughout Latium and Campania to serve as fortifications against the Samnites and Etruscans. Appius is best known for two undertakings he began as censor: the Appian Way ({{lang-la|Via Appia}}), the first major Roman road, running between Rome and Beneventum to the south; and the first aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Appia.[3] He also supported Gnaeus Flavius, who published for the first time a list of legal procedures and the legal calendar, knowledge of which, until that time, had been reserved for the pontifices, a college of priests. LaterHe later served as consul twice, in 307 BC and 296 BC, and in 292 BC and 285 BC he was appointed Dictator. According to Livy, he had gone blind because of a curse. In 279,[4] he gave a famous speech against Cineas, an envoy of Pyrrhus of Epirus, declaring that Rome would never surrender.[5] This is the earliest known political speech in Latin, and is the source of the saying "every man is the architect of his own fortune" (Latin: quisque faber suae fortunae).[6] Literary outputAppius wrote a book called Sententiae, based upon a verse of Greek model. It was "the first Roman book of literary character".[4] He was also concerned with literature and rhetoric, and instituted reforms in Latin orthography, allegedly ending the use of the letter Z.[6] DescendantsHis four sons were Appius Claudius Russus (consul in 268), Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul in 249), Gaius Claudius Centho (consul in 240), and Tiberius Claudius Nero (grandfather of the consul of 202). Appius Claudius Caecus is used in Cicero's Pro Caelio as a stern and disapproving ancestor to Clodia. Cicero assumes the voice of Caecus in a scathing prosopopoeia, where Caecus is incensed at Clodia for associating with Caelius, a member of the middle equestrian class instead of the upper patrician class. Caecus's achievements, such as the building of the Appian Way and the Aqua Appia, are mentioned as being defiled by Clodia's actions. See also
References1. ^{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yc4NAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Gaius+Claudius+centho%22|pages=26 |title=The Politics of the Patrician Claudii | journal =Harvard Studies in Classical Philology | volume =XIII |year=1902 |author=George Converse Fiske |accessdate= |publisher=Harvard University Press}} 2. ^Livy, ix.29. 3. ^"The Romans: From Village to Empire: A History of Rome from Earliest Times to the End of the Western Empire" by M. Boatwright, et al. 2nd edition. 2011. 4. ^1 Boak, Arthur E. R. & Sinnigen, William G. History of Rome to A.D. 565. 5th Edition. The Macmillan Company, 1965. Print. pg. 95 5. ^http://www.britannica.com/biography/Appius-Claudius-Caecus 6. ^1 James Grout: Appius Claudius Caecus and the Letter Z, part of the Encyclopædia Romana External links
and Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus III}}{{s-ttl|title=Consul of the Roman Republic|years=307 BC|regent1=Lucius Volumnius Flamma Violens}}{{s-aft|after=Quintus Marcius Tremulus and Publius Cornelius Arvina}}{{s-bef|before=Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus IV and Publius Decius Mus III}}{{s-ttl|title=Consul of the Roman Republic|years=296 BC|regent1=Lucius Volumnius Flamma Violens II}}{{s-aft|after=Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus V and Publius Decius Mus IV}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Claudius Caecus, Appius}} 15 : Roman censors|Ancient Roman dictators|Roman Republican consuls|Ancient Roman jurists|Claudii|Old Latin-language writers|Latin-language writers|340s BC births|273 BC deaths|Latin writers known only from secondary sources|4th-century BC Romans|3rd-century BC Romans|4th-century BC rulers|Blind politicians|Roman patricians |
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