| 词条 | Aristotle (Ribera painting) |
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| image_file = Ribera, Jusepe de - Aristotle - Google Art Project.jpg | painting_alignment = | image_size = 150px | title = Aristotle | alt = | other_language_1 = | other_title_1 = | other_language_2 = | other_title_2 = | artist = Jusepe de Ribera | year = 1637 | type = Oil painting on canvas | height_metric = | width_metric = | length_metric = | height_imperial = 49 | width_imperial = | length_imperial = 39 | diameter__metric = | diameter_imperial = | imperial_unit = in | metric_unit = cm | city = Indianapolis | museum = Indianapolis Museum of Art | coordinates = | owner = }}Aristotle is a 1637 oil painting by Spanish artist Jusepe de Ribera, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is part of a series of six portraits of ancient philosophers commissioned by the Prince of Liechtenstein in 1636.[1] DescriptionAristotle is here portrayed as a beggar-philosopher, a popular conceit in the seventeenth century. His asceticism is well in keeping with Spanish Catholicism, and is a hallmark of the saints Ribera also painted. He is surrounded by light reminiscent of Caravaggio, with whom Ribera is often associated.[2] That, and his direct, naturalistic style (also courtesy of Caravaggio) make this a powerful image of a philosopher and his profound contemplations. Aristotle is painted in a very tactile manner, with deep creases in his worn face and hands. Ribera proudly signed the painting across the papers in Aristotle's hand, appending "español" to his name to assert his nationality.[1]Historical informationWhen Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein originally commissioned this series in May 1636, the request was for a full dozen paintings. However, only the first six were ever delivered. These were listed in a 1767 inventory as Aristotle, Plato, Crates, Anaxagoras, Protagoras, and Diogenes. The set was sold and scattered in 1957, although briefly reunited by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1992 for a Ribera exhibition.[4] The identification of this particular image has been somewhat problematic over the years. Although the 1767 inventory was clear enough, only Diogenes, Anaxagoras, and Crates are identified by inscriptions on the paintings. The current consensus is that the doctor's robe and scholar's skullcap mean this image must be Aristotle. However, for years, the IMA identified the subject as Archimedes due to the geometric drawings in his hand, although that particular philosopher was not mentioned in the inventory.[4][2] Location historyFrom 1637 until 1957, the Princes of Lichtenstein retained possession of the painting. Then it was purchased by Dr. G.H.A. Clowes, who generously lent it to the IMA.[3] The IMA officially acquired Aristotle in 2000, courtesy of the Clowes family, and gave it the accession number 2000.345. It hangs in the Clowes Pavilion with many other donations from that family.[4] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Ellen Wardwell|last2=Robinson|first2=Anne|title=Indianapolis Museum of Art: Highlights of the Collection|publisher=Indianapolis Museum of Art|location=Indianapolis|year=2005|isbn=0936260777}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Day|first=Holliday T.|title=Indianapolis Museum of Art Collections Handbook|year=1988|publisher=Indianapolis Museum of Art|location=Indianapolis|isbn=0936260203}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Pérez Sánchez|first1=Alfonso E.|last2=Spinosa|first2=Nicola|title=Jusepe de Ribera, 1591-1652|year=1992|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York, New York|isbn=0870996479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_pQSwFmcZkC&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=jusepe+de+ribera+philosophers+liechtenstein+1637&source=bl&ots=6ILIs6JnTy&sig=nk1bfrhWyh3JotLhkvg-ueKb6RQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=owwUUeSfGYWxygHw-YDwDw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=jusepe%20de%20ribera%20philosophers%20liechtenstein%201637&f=false}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Aristotle|url=http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artwork/aristotle-ribera-jusepe-de|publisher=Indianapolis Museum of Art|accessdate=7 February 2013}} External links
6 : Spanish paintings|1637 paintings|Indianapolis Museum of Art artworks|Cultural depictions of Aristotle|Paintings by Jusepe de Ribera|Books in art |
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