| 词条 | Paramahansa Yogananda |
| 释义 |
|name = Paramahansa Yogananda |image = Paramahansa_Yogananda_Standard_Pose.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|1|5|df=y}}[1] |birth_place = Gorakhpur (present day Uttar Pradesh, India) |birth_name = Mukunda Lal Ghosh |death_date = {{death date and age|1952|3|7|1893|1|5|df=y}} |death_place = Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles, California |death_cause = Heart failure |resting_place = Forest Lawn Memorial Park |nationality = Indian and American |guru = Swami Yukteswar Giri |order = Self-Realization Fellowship Order |disciples = See Noted Direct Disciples |philosophy = Hinduism, Kriya Yoga |literary_works = Bibliography |founder = Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India |signature = |module = {{Infobox people|child=yes}} |footnotes = }}{{quote box|width=22em|title=Quotation|quote="You are walking on the earth as in a dream. Our world is a dream within a dream; you must realize that to find God is the only goal, the only purpose, for which you are here. For Him alone you exist. Him you must find." – from the book The Divine Romance }}{{Hindu philosophy}}Paramahansa Yogananda ({{lang-bn|পরমহংস যোগানন্দ}}) (5 January 1893{{spaced ndash}}7 March 1952), born Mukunda Lal Ghosh ({{lang-bn| মুকুন্দলাল ঘোষ}}), was an Indian yogi and guru who introduced millions of Indians and westerners to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his organization Yogoda Satsanga Society of India and Self-Realization Fellowship. In 1946, he published his autobiography, titled Autobiography of a Yogi which is on the list of the "100 best spiritual books of the 20th Century" created by HarperSan Francisco, a division of HarperCollins Publishers.[2][3] The book has been regularly reprinted ever since and is known as "the book that changed the lives of millions."[4][5] BiographyYouthYogananda was born in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, to a devout family.[6] According to his younger brother, Sananda, from his earliest years young Mukunda's awareness and experience of the spiritual was far beyond the ordinary.[6] In his youth he sought out many of India's Hindu sages and saints, hoping to find an illuminated teacher to guide him in his spiritual quest.[7] In 1910 Yogananda's seeking after various saints mostly ended when, at the age of 17, he met his guru, Swami Yukteswar Giri. He describes his first meeting with Yukteswar as a rekindling of a relationship that had lasted for many lifetimes: We entered a oneness of silence; words seemed the rankest superfluities. Eloquence flowed in soundless chant from heart of master to disciple. With an antenna of irrefragable insight I sensed that my guru knew God, and would lead me to Him. The obscuration of this life disappeared in a fragile dawn of prenatal memories. Dramatic time! Past, present, and future are its cycling scenes. This was not the first sun to find me at these holy feet![7] Later on Yukteswar informed Yogananda that he had been sent to him by Mahavatar Babaji for a special purpose.[7] After passing his Intermediate Examination in Arts from the Scottish Church College, Calcutta, in June 1915, he graduated with a degree similar to a current day Bachelor of Arts or B.A. (which at the time was referred to as an A.B.), from Serampore College, the college having two entities, one as a constituent college of the Senate of Serampore College (University) and the other as an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta. This allowed him to spend time at Yukteswar's ashram in Serampore. In 1915, he took formal vows into the monastic Swami order and became Swami Yogananda Giri.[7] In 1917, Yogananda founded a school for boys in Dihika, West Bengal, that combined modern educational techniques with yoga training and spiritual ideals. A year later, the school relocated to Ranchi.[7] One of the school's first batch of pupils was his youngest brother, Bishnu Charan Ghosh, who learnt yoga asanas there and in turn taught asanas to Bikram Choudhury.[8] This school would later become the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, the Indian branch of Yogananda's American organization, Self-Realization Fellowship. Move to AmericaIn 1920, Yogananda went to the United States aboard the ship City of Sparta, as India's delegate to an International Congress of Religious Liberals convening in Boston.[9][10] That same year he founded the Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) to disseminate worldwide his teachings on India's ancient practices and philosophy of Yoga and its tradition of meditation.[11] For the next several years, he lectured and taught on the East Coast[12] and in 1924 embarked on a cross-continental speaking tour.[13] Thousands came to his lectures.[7] During this time he attracted a number of celebrity followers, including soprano Amelita Galli-Curci, tenor Vladimir Rosing and Clara Clemens Gabrilowitsch, the daughter of Mark Twain. The following year, he established an international center for Self-Realization Fellowship in Los Angeles, California, which became the spiritual and administrative heart of his growing work.[10][14] Yogananda was the first Hindu teacher of yoga to spend a major portion of his life in America. He lived in the United States from 1920 to 1952, interrupted by an extended trip abroad in 1935–1936 which was mainly to visit his guru in India though he undertook visits to other living western saints like Therese Neumann, the Catholic Stigmatist of Konnersreuth, and places of spiritual significance en route.[7][15] Visit to India, 1935–1936In 1935, he returned to India to visit his guru Yukteswar Giri and to help establish his Yogoda Satsanga work in India. During this visit, as told in his autobiography, he met with Mahatma Gandhi, and initiated him into the liberating technique of Kriya Yoga as Gandhi expressed his interest to receive the Kriya Yoga of Lahiri Mahasaya; Anandamoyi Ma; renowned physicist Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman; and several disciples of Yukteswar's guru Lahiri Mahasaya.[7] While in India, Yukteswar gave Yogananda the monastic title of Paramahansa. Paramahansa means "supreme swan" and is a title indicating the highest spiritual attainment.[16] In 1936, while Yogananda was visiting Calcutta, Yukteswar attained mahasamadhi (final soul liberation)[17] in the town of Puri. Return to America, 1936After returning to America, Yogananda continued to lecture, write, and establish churches in southern California. He took up residence at the SRF hermitage in Encinitas, California which was a surprise gift from his disciple Rajarsi Janakananda.[18][19] It was while at this hermitage that Yogananda wrote his famous Autobiography of a Yogi and other writings. Also at this time he created an "enduring foundation for the spiritual and humanitarian work of Self‑Realization Fellowship/Yogoda Satsanga Society of India."[20] The last four years of his life were spent primarily in seclusion with some of his inner circle of disciples at his desert ashram in Twentynine Palms, California to finish his writings and to finish revising books, articles and lessons written previously over the years.[21] During this period he gave few interviews and public lectures. He told his close disciples, "I can do much more now to reach others with my pen."[22] DeathIn the days leading up to his death, Yogananda began hinting by talking with his disciples that it was time for him to leave the world.[23] On 7 March 1952, he attended a dinner for the visiting Indian Ambassador to the US, Binay Ranjan Sen, and his wife at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles.[24] At the conclusion of the banquet, Yogananda spoke of India and America, their contributions to world peace and human progress, and their future cooperation,[25] expressing his hope for a "United World" that would combine the best qualities of "efficient America" and "spiritual India."[26] According to an eyewitness – Daya Mata, a direct disciple of Yogananda, who was head of the Self-Realization Fellowship from 1955 to 2010[36][27] – as Yogananda ended his speech, he read from his poem My India, concluding with the words "Where Ganges, woods, Himalayan caves, and men dream God—I am hallowed; my body touched that sod."[28] "As he uttered these words, he lifted his eyes to the Kutastha center (the Ajna Chakra), and his body slumped to the floor."[23][29] Followers say that he entered mahasamadhi.[29] The official cause of death was heart failure.[30] His funeral service, with hundreds attending, was held at the SRF headquarters atop Mt. Washington in Los Angeles. Rajarsi Janakananda, the new president of the Self-Realization Fellowship, "performed a sacred ritual releasing the body to God."[31] Yogananda's remains are interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Great Mausoleum (normally closed off to visitors but Yogananda's tomb is accessible) in Glendale, California.[27] TeachingsIn 1917 in India Yogananda "began his life's work with the founding of a 'how-to-live' school for boys, where modern educational methods were combined with yoga training and instruction in spiritual ideals." In 1920 "he was invited to serve as India's delegate to an International Congress of Religious Liberals convening in Boston. His address to the Congress, on 'The Science of Religion,' was enthusiastically received." For the next several years he lectured and taught across the United States. His discourses taught of the "unity of 'the original teachings of Jesus Christ and the original Yoga taught by Bhagavan Krishna.'" In 1920 he founded the Self-Realization Fellowship and in 1925 established in Los Angeles, California, USA, the international headquarters for SRF.[10][32][33] Yogananda wrote the Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You and God Talks With Arjuna – The Bhagavad Gita to reveal what he claimed was the complete harmony and basic oneness of original Christianity as taught by Jesus Christ and original Yoga as taught by Bhagavan Krishna; and to present that these principles of truth are the common scientific foundation of all true religions.[34] Yogananda wrote down his Aims and Ideals for Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society:[7][35]
In his published work, The Self-Realization Fellowship Lessons, Yogananda gives "his in-depth instruction in the practice of the highest yoga science of God-realization. That ancient science is embodied in the specific principles and meditation techniques of Kriya Yoga."[21] Yogananda taught his students the need for direct experience of truth, as opposed to blind belief. He said that "The true basis of religion is not belief, but intuitive experience. Intuition is the soul's power of knowing God. To know what religion is really all about, one must know God."[7][34] Echoing traditional Hindu teachings, he taught that the entire universe is God's cosmic motion picture, and that individuals are merely actors in the divine play who change roles through reincarnation. He taught that mankind's deep suffering is rooted in identifying too closely with one's current role, rather than with the movie's director, or God.[7] He taught Kriya Yoga and other meditation practices to help people achieve that understanding, which he called Self-realization:[10] Self-realization is the knowing – in body, mind, and soul – that we are one with the omnipresence of God; that we do not have to pray that it come to us, that we are not merely near it at all times, but that God's omnipresence is our omnipresence; and that we are just as much a part of Him now as we ever will be. All we have to do is improve our knowing.[36] Kriya Yoga{{main article|Kriya Yoga}}The "science" of Kriya Yoga is the foundation of Yogananda's teachings. Kriya Yoga is "union (yoga) with the Infinite through a certain action or rite (kriya). The Sanskrit root of kriya is kri, to do, to act and react." Kriya Yoga was passed down through Yogananda's guru lineage – Mahavatar Babaji taught Kriya Yoga to Lahiri Mahasaya, who taught it to his disciple, Yukteswar Giri, Yogananda's Guru.[7] Yogananda gave a general description of Kriya Yoga in his Autobiography: The Kriya Yogi mentally directs his life energy to revolve, upward and downward, around the six spinal centers (medullary, cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses) which correspond to the twelve astral signs of the zodiac, the symbolic Cosmic Man. One-half-minute of revolution of energy around the sensitive spinal cord of man effects subtle progress in his evolution; that half-minute of Kriya equals one year of natural spiritual unfoldment.[7] Sri Mrinalini Mata, the former president of SRF/YSS, said, "Kriya Yoga is so effective, so complete, because it brings God's love – the universal power through which God draws all souls back to reunion with Him – into operation in the devotee's life."[37] Yogananda wrote in Autobiography of a Yogi that the "actual technique should be learned from an authorized Kriyaban (Kriya Yogi) of Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India."[7] Autobiography of a Yogi{{main article|Autobiography of a Yogi}}In 1946, Yogananda published his life story, Autobiography of a Yogi.[10] It has since been translated into 45 languages. In 1999, it was designated one of the "100 Most Important Spiritual Books of the 20th Century" by a panel of spiritual authors convened by Philip Zaleski and HarperCollins publishers.[38] Autobiography of a Yogi is the most popular among Yogananda's books.[39] According to Philip Goldberg, who wrote American Veda, "the Self-Realization Fellowship which represents Yogananda's Legacy, is justified in using the slogan, "The Book that Changed the Lives of Millions." It has sold more than four million copies and counting".[40] In 2006, the publisher, Self-Realization Fellowship, honored the 60th anniversary of Autobiography of a Yogi "with a series of projects designed to promote the legacy of the man thousands of disciples still refer to as 'master'."[41] Autobiography of a Yogi describes Yogananda's spiritual search for enlightenment, in addition to encounters with notable spiritual figures such as Therese Neumann, Anandamayi Ma, Vishuddhananda Paramahansa, Mohandas Gandhi, Nobel laureate in literature Rabindranath Tagore, noted plant scientist Luther Burbank (the book is 'Dedicated to the Memory of Luther Burbank, An American Saint'), famous Indian scientist Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose and Nobel laureate in physics Sir C. V. Raman. One notable chapter of this book is "The Law of Miracles", where he gives scientific explanations for seemingly miraculous feats. He writes: "the word 'impossible' is becoming less prominent in man's vocabulary."[7]The Autobiography has been an inspiration for many people including George Harrison,[42] Ravi Shankar[43] and Steve Jobs. In the book Steve Jobs: A Biography the author writes that Mr. Jobs first read the Autobiography as a teenager. He re-read it in India and later while preparing for a trip, he downloaded it onto his iPad2 and then re-read it once a year ever since.[44] Claims of bodily incorruptibilityAs reported in Time Magazine on 4 August 1952, Harry T. Rowe, Los Angeles Mortuary Director of the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, where Yogananda's body was received, embalmed and interred,[45] wrote in a notarized letter[7] The absence of any visual signs of decay in the dead body of Paramahansa Yogananda offers the most extraordinary case in our experience... No physical disintegration was visible in his body even twenty days after death... No indication of mold was visible on his skin, and no visible drying up took place in the bodily tissues. This state of perfect preservation of a body is, so far as we know from mortuary annals, an unparalleled one... No odor of decay emanated from his body at any time...[46][47] Because of two statements in Rowe's letter, some have questioned whether the term "incorruptibility" is appropriate. First, in his fourth paragraph he wrote: "For protection of the public health, embalming is desirable if a dead body is to be exposed for several days to public view. Embalming of the body of Paramhansa Yogananda took place twenty-four hours after his demise." In the eleventh paragraph he wrote: "On the late morning of March 26th, we observed a very slight, a barely noticeable, change – the appearance on the tip of the nose of a brown spot, about one-fourth inch in diameter. This small faint spot indicated that the process of desiccation (drying up) might finally be starting. No visible mold appeared however."[47] As Forest Lawn’s Mortuary Director, Rowe was professionally well qualified to distinguish the exceptional from the ordinary. He continued in paragraphs fourteen and fifteen: "The physical appearance of Paramhansa Yogananda on March 27th just before the bronze cover for the casket was put into position, was the same as it was on March 7th. He looked on March 27th as fresh and unravaged by decay as he had looked on the night of his death. On March 27th there was no reason to say that his body had suffered any physical disintegration at all. For these reason we state again that the case of Paramhansa Yogananda is unique in our experience. On May 11, 1952, during a telephone conversation between an officer of Forest Lawn and an officer of Self-Realization Fellowship, the amazing story was brought out for the first time."[46] Self-Realization Fellowship published Rowe’s four-page notarized letter in its entirety in the May–June 1952 issue of its magazine Self-Realization.[48] From 1958 to the present it has been included in that organization's booklet Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam.[27] The location of Yogananda's crypt is in the Great Mausoleum, Sanctuary of Golden Slumber, Mausoleum Crypt 13857, Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale).[49] LegacySelf-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of IndiaYogoda Satsanga Society of India (YSS) is a non-profit religious organization founded by Yogananda in 1917, 100 years ago.[5][6] In countries outside the Indian subcontinent it is known as the Self-Realization Fellowship. Yogananda's dissemination of his teachings is continued through this organization – the Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India (YSS).[40][50] Yogananda founded the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India in 1917 and then expanded it in 1920 to the United States naming it the Self-Realization Fellowship. In 1935 he legally incorporated it in the U.S. to serve as his instrument for the preservation and worldwide dissemination of his teachings.[51] Yogananda expressed this intention again in 1939 in his magazine Inner Culture for Self-Realization that he published through his organization: Paramahansa Swami Yogananda renounced all his ownership rights in the Self-Realization Fellowship when it was incorporated as a nonprofit religious organization under the laws of California, March 29, 1935. At that time he turned over to the Fellowship all of his rights to and income from sale of his books, writings, magazine, lectures, classes, property, automobiles and all other possessions...[52] SRF/YSS is headquartered in Los Angeles and has grown to include more than 500 temples and centers around the world. It has members in over 175 countries including the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine.[53] In India and surrounding countries, Paramahansa Yogananda's teachings are disseminated by YSS which has more than 100 centers, retreats, and ashrams.[50] Rajarsi Janakananda was chosen by Yogananda to become the President of SRF/YSS when he was gone.[10][54] Daya Mata, a religious leader and a direct disciple of Yogananda who was personally chosen and trained by Yogananda, was head of Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India from 1955 to 2010.[11] According to Linda Johnsen, the new wave today is women, for major Indian gurus have passed on their spiritual mantle to women including Yogananda to the American born Daya Mata[55] and then to Mrinalini Mata. Mrinalini Mata, a direct disciple of Yogananda, was the president and spiritual head of Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India from 9 January 2011 until her death on 3 August 2017. She too was personally chosen and trained by Yogananda to help guide the dissemination of his teachings after his death.[50] On 30 August 2017, Brother Chidananda was elected as the next president in a unanimous vote by the SRF Board of Directors.[56] India's commemorative stampsIndia released a commemorative stamp in honour of Yogananda in 1977.[57] "Department of Post issued a commemorative postage stamp on the occasion of the twenty‑fifth anniversary of Yogananda's passing in honor of his far‑reaching contributions to the spiritual upliftment of humanity. "The ideal of love for God and service to humanity found full expression in the life of Paramahansa Yogananda. Though the major part of his life was spent outside India, still he takes his place among our great saints. His work continues to grow and shine ever more brightly, drawing people everywhere on the path of the pilgrimage of the Spirit."[58][59] On 7 March 2017, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi released the commemorative postage stamp honoring the 100th anniversary of the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India.[60] Prime Minister Modi at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi appreciated Yogananda for spreading the message of India's spirituality in foreign shores. He said that though Yogananda left the shores of India to spread his message, he always remained connected with India.[61] Visit by Ram Nath Kovind, President of IndiaOn 15 November 2017 the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, accompanied by the Governor of Jharkhand, Draupadi Murmu and Chief Minister of Jharkhand, Raghubar Das, visited the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India's Ranchi Ashram in honor of the official release of the Hindi translation of Yogananda's book God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita. Brother Chidananda, president of Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, along with a contingent of YSS and SRF monastics greeted and hosted them. This meeting took place during the 2017 YSS Sharad Sangam which was honoring YSS's centennial anniversary (1917–2017).[62][63] President Kovind said: Paramahansa Yogananda’s message is a message of spirituality. Going beyond the confines of religion, his is a message of respecting all religions; his perspective is of world brotherhood. Noted direct disciplesThe members of this list were drawn from Yogananda's book Journey to Self-Realization, unless otherwise noted, and the date and location of first discipleship to Yogananda are given.[66]
Bibliography{{Main| Paramahansa Yogananda bibliography}}See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web |url=https://starofmysore.com/yogi-yogis-sri-paramahansa-yogananda-visited-city/ |title=Yogi of Yogis Sri Paramahansa Yogananda visited our city | newspaper=Star of Mysore|accessdate=2018-01-05 |work=}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.abebooks.com/docs/ReligiousSpiritual/spiritual-books.shtml |title=HarperCollins 100 Best Spiritual Books of the Century |accessdate= |website=}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/features/view/10915/100-best-spiritual-books-of-the-twentieth-century |title=HarperSanFrancisco, edited by Philip Zaleski 100 Best Spiritual Books of the 20th Century |accessdate= |website=}} 4. ^Goldberg, Philip (2018). The Life of Yogananda. Hay House, Inc. {{ISBN|978-1-4019-5218-1}} 5. ^Bowden, Henry Warner (1993). Dictionary of American Religious Biography. Greenwood Press. {{ISBN|0-313-27825-3}}. p. 629. 6. ^1 Sananda Lal Ghosh,(1980), Mejda, Self-Realization Fellowship, p.3 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Autobiography of a Yogi, 1997 Anniversary Edition. Self-Realization Fellowship (Founded by Yogananda) yogananda.org 8. ^{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |authorlink=Suzanne Newcombe |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253}} 9. ^{{cite news | title= Swami yogananda giri speaks on "the inner life| location =Boston, MA | agency= | newspaper=ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Boston Globe p.9 | date= 5 March 1921 }} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last=Melton, J. Gordon|first=Martin Baumann|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices |year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598842043 }} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |author=Hevesi, Dennis | title=Sri Daya Mata, Guiding Light for U.S. Hindus, Dies at 96 | location=New York, NY | agency= | newspaper=New York Times| date= 3 December 2010 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/03/us/03mata.html?_r=0 }} 12. ^Boston Meditation Group Historical Committee. In The Footsteps of Paramahansa Yogananda: A guidebook to the places in and around Boston associated with Yoganandaji 13. ^Sister Gyanamata "God Alone: The Life and Letters of a Saint" p. 11 14. ^{{cite book |last=Lewis Rosser |first=Brenda |title= Treasures Against Time|year=1991 |publisher=Borrego Publications |isbn=978-0962901607|page=Foreword p. xiii}} 15. ^{{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |authorlink= |title=The Second Coming of Christ (book) / Volume I / Jesus Temptation in the wilderness / Discourse 8 / Mattew 4:1–4 |year=2004 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |isbn=9780876125557 |page=166–167}} 16. ^"Paramahansa means "supreme swan" and is a title indicating the highest spiritual attainment." Miller, p. 188. 17. ^{{cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |title= Religious Celebrations|year=2011|publisher= ABC-CLIO |isbn= 978-1598842050|page=512}} 18. ^[https://yogananda.org/encinitas-retreat Self-Realization Fellowship: Encinitas Retreat]. Yogananda.org. Retrieved on 25 March 2019. 19. ^Self-Realization Fellowship. Encinitas Temple. Retrieved on 25 March 2019. 20. ^Creating Self-Realization Fellowship Lessons, Temples, Retreats and writing his ''Autobiography of a Yogi''. yogananda.org. Retrieved on 13 December 2018. 21. ^1 {{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=God Talks With Arjuna – The Bhagavad Gita p.xii/1130 |year=1995 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-030-9}} 22. ^{{cite AV media|last=Mata |first=Mrinalini |title=In His Presence: Remembrances of Life With Paramahansa Yogananda |type=DVD |publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship|location= |year= |isbn=978-0-87612-517-5}} 23. ^1 Mata, Daya (1990). Finding the Joy Within, 1st ed. Los Angeles, CA: Self-Realization Fellowship, p 256 24. ^Bhandari, P.L. (2013) How Not To Be A Diplomat: Adventures in the Indian Foreign Service Post-Independence. The Quince Tree Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0957697904}} 25. ^1 {{cite book |last=Kriyananda |first=Swami (Donald Walters)|title=The Path: Autobiography of a Western Yogi|year=1977 |publisher=Ananda Publications |isbn=978-0916124120 |page=}} 26. ^Miller, p. 179. 27. ^1 2 {{cite book |author=Self-Realization Fellowship (2001) |authorlink= |title=Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam: Personal Accounts of the Master's Final Days |year= 1986|publisher=|location=Los Angeles, CA |isbn=978-0-87612-170-2}} 28. ^{{Cite news | last = Mata | first = Daya | author-link = Daya Mata | title = My Spirit Shall Live On: The Final Days of Paramahansa Yogananda | newspaper = Self-Realization Magazine | pages = | date = Spring 2002 | postscript = }} 29. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822420,00.html |title=Guru's Exit – TIME |accessdate=17 January 2008 |work=Time | date=4 August 1952}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nndb.com/people/786/000235081/ |title=NNDB "tracks the activities of people we have determined to be noteworthy, both living and dead." – Paramahansa Yogananda |accessdate=2 May 2013 }} 31. ^{{cite news | title= Hundreds Pay Tribute at Rites for Yogananda | location = Los Angeles, CA | agency= | newspaper= ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Los Angeles Times | date= 12 March 1952}} 32. ^{{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=The Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You p.1566 |year=2004 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-555-7}} 33. ^{{cite book |last=Kress |first=Michael |title=Publishers Weekly: Meditation is the message |year=2001 |publisher=Cahners Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier, Inc.|location= New York}} 34. ^1 {{cite news | author =Watanabe, Teresa |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/dec/11/local/me-beliefs11| title=A Hindu's Perspective on Christ and Christianity | location =Los Angeles, CA | agency= | newspaper=Los Angeles Times | date=12 November 2004 }} 35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/aims_and_ideals.aspx#.XKIZs6bgqFo|title=Aims & Ideals of Self-Realization Fellowship |accessdate=2008-02-09 |website=yogananda-srf.org}} 36. ^{{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=The Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You p. xxi|year=2004 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-555-7}} 37. ^{{cite book |last=Mrinalini Mata|title=Self-Realiztion Magazine: The Blessings of Kriya Yoga in Everyday Life|year=2011 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA}} 38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.librarything.com/bookaward/HarperCollins+100+Best+Spiritual+Books+of+the+Century |title=HarperCollins 100 Best Spiritual Books of the Century |accessdate= |website=}} 39. ^{{cite book |last=Goldberg|first=Philip |title=The Autobiography of a Yogi: A Tribute to Yogananda |year=2012 |publisher=Huff Post Religion |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-goldberg/autobiogrpahy-of-a-yogi-tribute-yogananda_b_1319059.html}} 40. ^1 {{cite book |last=Goldberg|first=Philip |title=American Veda |year=2012 |publisher=Harmony; 1 edition (2 November 2010): 109 }} 41. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/06/local/me-swami6 |last= Sahagun |first=Louis |title=Guru's Followers Mark Legacy of a Star's Teachings|date=6 August 2006 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |location= }} 42. ^{{cite book |last=Wright|first=Gary |title=Dream Weaver: A Memoir; Music, Meditation, and My Friendship with George Harrison |year=2014 |publisher= TarcherPerigee|url=}} 43. ^{{cite news |last=O'Mahony |first=John|title=A Hodgepodge of Hash, Yoga and LSD – Interview with Sitar giant Ravi Shankar |date=3 June 2008 |newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/jun/04/worldmusic.india |accessdate=14 August 2017}} 44. ^{{cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |title=Steve Jobs: A Biography |year=2011 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9}} 45. ^{{cite news |title=Guru's Exit |publisher=Time |date=4 August 1952 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822420,00.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5t3pauJ8q?url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822420,00.html |archivedate=27 September 2010 |deadurl=yes }} 46. ^1 {{cite book |author1=Forest Lawn Memorial-Park |author2=Harry T. Rowe |author3=Mortuary Director | title=Paramahansa Yogananda's Mortuary Report | location = Los Angeles, CA | date= 16 May 1952 }} 47. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Rowe|first1=Harry T.|title= Paramahansa Yogananda's Mortuary Report|url=http://oaks.nvg.org/yogananda_mortuary_report.pdf|publisher=Forest Lawn Memorial Park}} 48. ^{{cite journal |title=Self-Realization Magazine|year=1952|location=Los Angeles |publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship |issn= 0037-1564 }} 49. ^{{cite web|last=|first=|title= Paramahansa Yogananda's Crypt Location|url=https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=2074|publisher=Find a Grave}} 50. ^1 2 3 About SRF: Lineage and Leadership. yogananda.org 51. ^{{wikisource-inline|SRF Articles of Incorporation 1935}} 52. ^{{cite book |last=Self-Realization Fellowship|title=Inner Culture for Self-Realization|date=1939 |volume=12 |page=30}} 53. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/locations/Locations.aspx|title=Locations of SRF/YSS centers & temples|accessdate=24 November 2011 |website=}} 54. ^Self-Realization Fellowship (1996). Rajarsi Janakananda: A Great Western Yogi. Self-Realization Fellowship Publishers. {{ISBN|0-87612-019-2}}. 55. ^{{cite book |first= Arvind |last=Sharma|title=Today's Women in World Religions|year=1994|publisher=SUNY Press}} 56. ^ yogananda.org {{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/NewsArchive/2017/SRF_Announces_New_President.aspx |title=Brother Chidananda Elected President and Spiritual Head of SRF/YSS |accessdate=3 September 2017 |website=}} 57. ^{{cite web |url=http://istampgallery.com|title= A commemorative postage stamp on the Death Anniversary of Paramahansa Yogananda |accessdate=11 March 2017 |website=}} 58. ^{{cite web |url=http://indianphilatelicstamps.blogspot.com/2017/01/paramahansa-yogananda-1977-india.html|title= Indian Philatelic Stamps |accessdate=11 March 2017 |website=|date= 5 January 2017 }} 59. ^{{cite web |url=http://indianphilatelicstamps.blogspot.com/2017/01/paramahansa-yogananda-1977-india.html|title= Indian Postage Stamps – 1977 |accessdate=11 March 2017 |website=|date= 5 January 2017 }} 60. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.narendramodi.in/pm-modi-releases-special-commemorative-postage-stamp-on-100-years-of-yogoda-satsanga-math-534638|title= PM releases commemorative postage stamp on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Yogoda Satsanga Society of India |accessdate=11 March 2017 |website=}} 61. ^{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-releases-commemorative-stamp-on-yogoda-satsanga-society/articleshow/57513773.cms |title=PM Narendra Modi releases commemorative stamp on Yogoda Satsanga Society |accessdate=11 March 2017 |website= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312142028/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-releases-commemorative-stamp-on-yogoda-satsanga-society/articleshow/57513773.cms |archivedate=12 March 2017 }} 62. ^{{cite news |author=| title=President of India Ram Nath Kovind visited Ranchi | location=India| date= 15 November 2017 | url=http://jharkhandstatenews.com/section/photo-story/1176 }} 63. ^{{cite news |author=Mishra, Sudhir Kumar | title=Ashram charms First Citizen | newspaper=Telegraph India| date=16 November 2017 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/ashram-charms-first-citizen-186232 }} 64. ^{{cite web|title=President of India Visits YSS Ranchi Ashram – God Talks With Arjuna in Hindi Is Released|url=http://yogananda.org/NewsArchive/2017/President_of_India_Visits_YSS_Ranchi_Ashram.aspx#.Wq0_hWrwaUl|date=Nov 15, 2017|publisher=yogananda.org}} 65. ^{{cite news |author=| title=President, Ram Nath Kovind addresses at Yogoda Satsanga Society of India in Ranchi| location=India| agency=Newspoint Tv | newspaper=Amirapress.com| date=Nov 16, 2017 | url=http://www.amirapress.com/video/t_EYRTiB_QnwQ }} 66. ^Book: Journey to Self Realization original list in footnotes 67. ^{{cite book|author1=Lewis, Minott White |title=Dr. M.W. Lewis: The Life Story of One of the Earliest American Disciples of Paramahansa Yogananda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6-PAAAACAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship|isbn=978-0-87612-191-7}} 68. ^{{cite book |last=Rosser|first=Brenda|title=Treasures Against Time |year=1991 |publisher=Borrego Publications|location=Borrego Springs, CA |isbn=}} 69. ^{{cite web |url=http://yyoga.org |title=Yyoga: Awaken Within (About the life of Dr. Lewis, Yogananda's first disciple) |accessdate=23 February 2012 |website=}} 70. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/disciples/Disciples_Reminisce.aspx | title=Reminiscenses of Disciples and Friends of Paramahansa Yogananda |accessdate=24 February 2012 |website=}} 71. ^{{cite web |url=http://yyoga.org/audio/audio.html | title=Recorded Lectures of Dr. M. Lewis |accessdate=6 November 2013 |website=}} 72. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |last=Self-Realization Fellowship|title=Self-Realization Magazine|year=1952|location=Los Angeles, CA |publisher=Volume 24, No. 22}} 73. ^[https://www.scribd.com/document/45261595/4671090-Astrological-World-Cycles 4671090 Astrological World Cycles | Zodiac | Science]. Scribd.com (14 December 2010). Retrieved on 13 December 2018. 74. ^{{cite web |url= http://bookstore.yogananda-srf.org/A-Forerunner-of-the-New-Race-p319.html |title=A Forerunner of the New Race |accessdate=12 October 2013 |website=}} 75. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/ay/First_Encounters.aspx |title=How Disciples of Paramahansa Yogananda Found Autobiography of a Yogi |accessdate=8 January 2011 |website=}} 76. ^{{cite book |title=Self-Realization Fellowship November 1995 Open Letter|year= |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship}} 77. ^{{cite book |last=Gyanamata|first=Sister|title=God Alone: The Life and Letters of a Saint |year=1984 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= |isbn=978-0-87612-200-6}} 78. ^{{cite journal |last=Self-Realization Fellowship|title=Self-Realization Magazine|year=1951|location=Los Angeles, CA |publisher=January/February}} 79. ^{{cite journal |last=Self-Realization Fellowship|title=Self-Realization Magazine|year=1952|location=Los Angeles, CA |publisher=September}} 80. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.crossandlotus.com |title= The Cross and The Lotus website |accessdate=2 February 2013 |website=}} 81. ^Kamala, The Flawless Mirror, 1964, ASIN: B000R9OO0G 82. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.kamalasilva.org/kamala |title=For the Love of Kamala: About Kamala |accessdate=12 October 2013 |website=}} 83. ^http://www.self-revelationchurch.org/ Yogananda ordained Premananda as a swami in 1941 84. ^Sri Durga Mata (1993 1st edition). A Paramhansa Yogananda Trilogy of Divine Love. Los Angeles, CA: Joan Wight Publications; {{ISBN|0-96358-380-8}}. 85. ^Yogananda, Paramahansa (1997). Journey to Self-Realization, Discovering the Gifts of the Soul. Los Angeles, CA: Self-Realization Fellowship. {{ISBN|0-87612-255-1}}. 86. ^{{cite book |last=Mata|first=Durga|title=Chanting for Deep Meditation with Sri Durga Mata |year=2012 |location=Los Angeles, CA |isbn= 978-0876124604|url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/Self-Realization_Fellowship_News_Feed/Chanting_for_Deep_Meditation_With_Sri_Durga_Mata.aspx?terms=durga#.VCJQpZSSySo|publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship }} 87. ^Yogananda, Paramahansa (1997). Journey to Self-Realization, Discovering the Gifts of the Soul p.72. Los Angeles, CA: Self-Realization Fellowship. {{ISBN|0-87612-255-1}}. 88. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.yogananda-srf.org/lineageandleadership/Sri_Daya_Mata.aspx |title=About SRF: Sri Daya Mata webpage |accessdate=8 January 2011 |website=}} 89. ^{{cite web |url= http://bookstore.yogananda-srf.org/Books-by-Sri-Daya-Mata-c79.html |title= Books by Daya Mata |accessdate=11 October 2013 |website=}} 90. ^{{cite web |url= http://bookstore.yogananda-srf.org/c20/Sri-Daya-Mata-c22.html/page1 |title= Daya Mata audio & videos |accessdate=11 October 2013 |website=}} 91. ^{{cite book |last=Bowen|first=Richard|title=Sayings of Yogacharya |year=2004 |publisher=Ariadne Publishers|location=Milwaukee, WI |isbn=978-0964934344}} 92. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.goldenlotus.org/|title= Song of the Morning Yoga Retreat |accessdate=15 February 2011 |website=}} 93. ^Self-Realization Fellowship (1996). Rajarsi Janakananda: A Great Western Yogi. Self-Realization Fellowship Publishers. {{ISBN|0-87612-019-2}}. 94. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/lineageandleadership/Rajarsi_Janakananda.aspx |title=About SRF: Rajarsi Janakananda webpage |accessdate=8 January 2011 |website=}} 95. ^{{cite web |url=http://bookstore.yogananda-srf.org/c76/The-Personal-Approach-to-God-p156.html|title=The Personal Approach to God |accessdate=15 October 2013 |website=}} 96. ^{{cite web |url=http://bookstore.yogananda-srf.org/c76/SRF-Lake-Shrine-50th-Anniversary-Celebration-p364.html| title=SRF Lake Shrine 50th Anniversary Celebration |accessdate=15 October 2013 |website=}} 97. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/lineageandleadership/Organizational_Leadership.aspx|title=About SRF: Organizational Leadership |accessdate=15 February 2011 |website=}} 98. ^Mrinalini Mata's booklet: The Guru-Disciple Relationship 99. ^SRF Lake Shrine 50th Anniversary Celebration: Stories of Paramahansa Yogananda by Direct Disciples – Video 2008 [https://www.amazon.com/Lake-Shrine-50th-Anniversary-Celebration/dp/0876125542/ref=dp_return_1?ie=UTF8&n=2625373011&s=movies-tv] 100. ^Paulsen, Norman (1929) [https://archive.org/details/christconsciousn00paul The Christ Consciousness]. Salt Lake City, Utah : Builders Pub. Co. 101. ^{{cite book |title=Self-Realization Fellowship November 1995 Open Letter|year= |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship}} 102. ^{{cite journal |title=Self-Realization Magazine|year=1949–1960|location=Los Angeles |publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship |issn= 0037-1564 }} 103. ^{{cite news |author=Mattson, Doug | title=Jury: Copyrights violated by church | location =Grass Valley, California |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/jury-copyrights-violated-by-church/ |newspaper=The Union |date=30 October 2002 }} 104. ^{{cite news |author=Anning, Vicky | title=COURT: Jury stings Ananda Church and its leaders | location=Palo Alto, California | url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/news/1998_Feb_11.ANANDA.html | newspaper=Palo Alto Weekly| date= 11 February 1998}} 105. ^{{cite news |author=Wilson, Wayne | title=Ananda, Its Leader Punished by Judge; Unrefuted Claims Allowed in Lawsuit | location=Sacramento, California | agency= | newspaper=Sacramento Bee| date= 4 November 1997 | url= http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SB&p_theme=sb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=%28Ananda%29%20AND%20date%281997%29&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=1997&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=%28%22Ananda%22%29&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no }} 106. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=OgMmceadQ3gC&printsec=frontcover |first1=Constance |last1=Jones |first2=James D. |last2=Ryan |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=9780816075645 |pages=33–24}} 107. ^{{cite web |url= http://bookstore.yogananda-srf.org/c20/Brother-Anandamoy-c24.html |title=Brother Anandamoy |accessdate=11 October 2013 |website=}} 108. ^{{cite book|author=Davis, Roy Eugene |title=Paramahansa Yogananda as I Knew Him: Experiences, Observations, and Reflections of a Disciple|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q94IVyje91oC|year=2005|publisher=C S A Press|isbn=978-0-87707-293-5}} 109. ^{{cite web |url= http://csa-davis.org/sites/ |title=Center for Spiritual Awareness |accessdate=11 October 2013 |website=}} 110. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.songofthemorning.org/about.html |title=Song of the Morning |accessdate= 15 November 2014 |website=}} References{{Refbegin|40em}}
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