| 词条 | Peter Voulkos |
| 释义 |
| name = Peter Voulkos | image = Voulkos 1996.jpg | caption = Peter Voulkos works on a stack, 1996 | birth_name = Panagiotis Voulkos | birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|1|29}} | birth_place = Bozeman, Montana | death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|2|16|1924|1|29}} | death_place = Bowling Green, Ohio | nationality = American | field = Ceramic art, Sculpture | training = Montana State University, California College of the Arts | movement = Abstract expressionist | works = | patrons = | awards = | module = }}Peter Voulkos (born Panagiotis Harry Voulkos on 29 January 1924 in Bozeman, Montana – deceased on 16 February 2002 in Bowling Green, Ohio) was an American artist of Greek descent. He is known for his abstract expressionist ceramic sculptures,[1] which crossed the traditional divide between ceramic crafts and fine art. He established the ceramics department at the Los Angeles County Art Institute and at UC Berkeley.[2] BiographyEarly lifePeter Voulkos was born the third of five children to Greek immigrant parents, Aristovoulos I. Voulkopoulos, anglicized and shortened to Harry (Aris) John Voulkos and Effrosyni (Efrosine) Peter Voulalas.[2][3] After high school, he worked as a molder's apprentice at a ship's foundry in Portland. In 1943, Peter Voulkos was drafted in the United States Army during the Second World War, serving as an airplane gunner in the Pacific.[2][4] Ceramics' specializationVoulkos studied painting and printmaking at Montana State College, in Bozeman (now Montana State University), where he was introduced to ceramics[2] (Frances Senska, who established the ceramics arts program, was his teacher).[5][6] Ceramics quickly became a passion. His 25 pounds of clay allowed by semester by the school was not enough, so he managed to spot a source of quality clay from the tires of the trucks that would stop by the Burger Inn where he worked part-time.[2] He earned his MFA in ceramics from California College of the Arts and Crafts, in Oakland. Afterwards he returned to Bozeman, and began his career in a pottery business with classmate Rudy Autio, producing functional dinnerware.[2] In 1951 Voulkos and Autio became the first resident artists at the Archie Bray Foundation for the Ceramic Arts, in Helena, Montana. It is from his time as Resident Director (1951-1954) that the lineage of his mature work, later in full bloom during his tenure at the Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles, California, can be traced.[7] In 1953, Voulkos was invited to teach a summer session ceramics course at Black Mountain College in Asheville, North Carolina.[3][8] After the summer at Black Mountain, he changed his approach to creating ceramics. The artist eschewed his traditional training and instead of creating smooth, well-thrown glazed vessels he started to work gesturally with raw clay, frequently marring his work with gashes and punctures.[8] In 1954, after founding the art ceramics department at the Otis College of Art and Design, called the Los Angeles County Art Institute, his work rapidly became abstract and sculptural.[4] In 1959, he presented for the first time his heavy ceramics during the exhibition at the Landau Gallery in Los Angeles. This created a sismic reaction in the ceramics world, both for the grotesquerie of the sculptures' shapes and the genious marriage of arts and craft, and accelerated his transfer to UC Berkeley.[2] UC Berkeley's ceramics departmentHe moved to the University of California, Berkeley, in 1959, where he also founded the ceramics program, which grew into the Department of Design.[7][9] In the early 1960s, he set up a bronze foundry off-campus, anticipating the metalcasted Wurster Hall, and started exhibiting his work at NY's Museum of Modern Art.[7] He became a full professor there in 1967,[9] and continued to teach until 1985.[10] Among his students were many ceramic artists who became well known in their own right. At a New York auction in 2001, a 1986 sculpture by Peter Voulkos was sold $72,625 to a European museum.[4] He died of a heart attack on February 16, 2002,[2] after conducting a college ceramics workshop at Bowling Green State University, Ohio, demonstrating his skill to a live audience.[11] WorkDescriptionWhile his early work was fired in electric and gas kilns, later in his career he primarily fired in the anagama kiln of Peter Callas, who had helped to introduce Japanese wood firing aesthetics in the United States. Peter Voulkos is also among those who raised ceramics to the non-utilitarian, aesthetic sphere. While setting up the ceramics department at UC Berkeley, his students were authorized to make a tea pot «only if it didn't work». Voulkos started this new trend while in Los Angeles in the 1950s, saying «there was a certain energy around L.A. at the time».[12] He is most commonly identified as a Abstract Expressionist ceramist.[2] Voulkos's sculptures are known for their visual weight, their freely-formed construction and their aggressive and energetic decoration. During shaping he would vigorously tear, pound, and gouge their surfaces. At some points in his career, he cast sculptures in bronze; and in early periods his ceramic works were glazed or painted and/or finished with painted brushstrokes. Peter Voulkos is also memorable for the live ceramics-scultping sessions he would lead in front of his students, demonstrating live the hard work being his ceramics style, and his talent throughout this process.[4][2] His creativity quest sometimes led to the use of commercial dough-mixing machines to mix the clay, and the development of a prototype for an electric potter's wheel.[2] In 1979 he was introduced to the use of wood firing in anagama kilns by Peter Callas, who became his collaborator for the next 23 years. Most of Voulkos's late work was wood-fired in Callas's anagama, which was located at first in Piermont, New York, and later, in Belvidere, New Jersey. This unique partnership, and the resulting work, is considered by many curators and collectors to be the most exuberant period of Voulkos's career. Sculptures
Public collections
Prizes
Personal lifeVoulkos is survived by his first wife, Margaret Cone, and their daughter, Pier, polymer clay artist;[18] his wife, Ann, and their son, Aris; and his brother and two sisters.[2] In the early 1980s, Peter Voulkos went to rehab to deal with alcohol and cocaine addiction.[4][2] See also
References1. ^"[https://lamodern.com/featured-artists/peter-voulkos/ Peter Voulkos]". Los Angeles Modern Auctions (LAMA). Retrieved 2017-01-02. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Roberta Smith (February 21, 2002). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/21/arts/peter-voulkos-78-a-master-of-expressive-ceramics-dies.html Peter Voulkos, 78, A Master of Expressive Ceramics, Dies]". New York Times. Retrieved 2017-01-02. 3. ^1 {{cite web|last=Selz|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Selz|date=June 2002|url=http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/June_2002/In_Memoriam.asp |title=In Memoriam: Peter Voulkos|publisher=California Alumni Association, Berkeley|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601054849/http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/June_2002/In_Memoriam.asp |archive-date=June 1, 2008|access-date=2017-01-02}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 John Wildermuth, [https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Peter-Voulkos-Oakland-sculptor-He-was-the-2872173.php Peter Voulkos, Oakland sculptor / 'He was the best -- he was the king,' and a revolutionary, too], Sfgate.com, 19 February 2002 5. ^"Frances Senska, 1914–2009" (Summer 2010). Newsletter of the Archie Bray Foundation for the Ceramic Arts. p. 1. PDF available online. Retrieved 2017-01-02. 6. ^{{cite web|title=Frances Senska - Art All The Time|url=http://www.montanapbs.org/MontanaTheSecondCentury/episode906/|publisher=Montana PBS|date=March 21, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330174219/http://montanapbs.org/MontanaTheSecondCentury/episode906|archive-date=March 30, 2012|accessdate=2017-01-02}} 7. ^1 2 Hartman, Robert; Kasten, Karl; Melchert, James; Wall, Brian (2002). "In Memoriam: Peter Voulkos". University of California, Berkeley. 8. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Sorkin|first1=Jenni|author-link=Jenni Sorkin|title=Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933-1957|date=2015|place=New Haven, CT|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300211917|page=272|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7NRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA272&lpg=PA272&dq=%22phase+in+voulkos+oeuvre%22&source=bl&ots=TuFrQASbJU&sig=RJZ9hYrINBwaq1Ocy3s2KxG6siw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUvuTw_6TRAhWFwiYKHV1EBsoQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=%22phase%20in%20voulkos%20oeuvre%22&f=false|chapter=Peter Voulkos: Rocking Pot}} 9. ^1 Savitt, Scott (February 27, 2002). "Peter Voulkos, Ceramics artist". The Berkeleyan online. Office of Public Affairs, University of California, Berkeley. 10. ^1 Hartman, Robert; Kasten, Karl; Melchert, James; Wall, Brian (2002). "In Memoriam: Peter Voulkos". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2017-10-02. 11. ^"Peter Voulkos, 78; Reinvented Ceramics" (February 17, 2002). Los Angeles Times. latimes.com. Retrieved 2017-01-02. 12. ^[https://damonmoon.design/and-then-came-funk/ And then came Funk], Damonmoon.design, 1 August 2009 13. ^[https://www.wescover.com/p/sculptures-by-peter-voulkos-at-hall-of-justice-san-francisco--PSkDrWbD6PXW Hall of Justice - 1971], Wescover.com 14. ^"[https://www.famsf.org/blog/framework-untitled-stack-peter-voulkos Untitled (Stack) by Peter Voulkos]" (February 1, 2012). De Young Museum. deyoung.famsf.org. Retrieved 2017-01-02. 15. ^{{cite web|title=Based on a True Story: Highlights from the di Rosa Collection, October 26, 2016 - May 28, 2017|url=http://www.dirosaart.org/based-on-a-true-story|website=dirosaart.org|access-date=2017-01-02}} 16. ^"American Array". Honolulu Museum of Art. Retrieved 2017-01-02. 17. ^{{cite web |title=Empire State Plaza Art Collection |url=https://empirestateplaza.ny.gov/art}} 18. ^"Pier Voulkos {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103094301/http://collections.madmuseum.org/code/emuseum.asp?emu_action=searchrequest&moduleid=2&profile=people¤trecord=1&searchdesc=Pier%20Voulkos&style=single&rawsearch=constituentid%2F%2C%2Fis%2F%2C%2F1371%2F%2C%2Ffalse%2F%2C%2Ftrue |date=2017-01-03 }}". Museum of Arts and Design. Retrieved 2017-01-02. Further reading
External links
20 : 1924 births|2002 deaths|20th-century American artists|21st-century American artists|20th-century ceramists|21st-century ceramists|20th-century American sculptors|21st-century American sculptors|American potters|American ceramists|Sculptors from California|Modern sculptors|American people of Greek descent|People from Bozeman, Montana|California College of the Arts alumni|Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area|Otis College of Art and Design faculty|Artists from Montana|Montana State University alumni|American male sculptors |
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