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词条 Caylee's Law
释义

  1. History

  2. Legal status

  3. Notable cases

  4. Opposition

  5. References

Caylee's Law is the unofficial name for bills proposed or passed in several U.S. states that make it a felony for a parent or legal guardian to fail to report a missing child, in cases where the parent knew or should have known that the child was possibly in danger.[1][2] The first such bill was introduced shortly after the high-profile Casey Anthony trial, due to Anthony not reporting her two-year-old daughter Caylee Marie Anthony missing for a period of 31 days.[3]

History

The idea for the bill originated with protesters who disagreed with the jury's verdict in the case. Anthony was found not guilty of first degree murder, aggravated child abuse, and aggravated manslaughter of a child on July 5, 2011.[4] Immediately after the trial, support appeared for imposing requirements on parents to notify law enforcement of the death or disappearance of a child and make a parent or guardian's failure to report their child missing a felony.[5][6] One petition, written by Michelle Crowder on Change.org, has gained nearly 1.3 million electronic signatures.[7] In response to this and other petitions, lawmakers of Florida, Oklahoma, New York, North Carolina,[8] Ohio[9] and West Virginia began drafting versions of "Caylee's Law".

Legal status

StateBillDate approvedNotes
AlabamaSB1[10]2013-06-10[11]Punishable by up to 10 years in prison.
ConnecticutHB 5512[12]2012-10-01[13]Public Act 12-112[14]
FloridaHB 37[15]2012-04-06Punishable by up to five years in prison.[16]
IllinoisSB 2537[17]2012-08-24Public Act 097-1079[18]
KansasHB 2534[19]2012-05-16
LouisianaHB 600[20]2012-06-01Act No. 454; Punishable by up to 1 year in prison.[21]
New JerseyA 4297[22]2012-01-05A fourth-degree crime (felony).
North CarolinaHB 149[23]2013-05-17[24]Session Law 2013-52; Class I Felony; Punishable by up to 1 year in prison.[25]
Oklahoma SB 1721 Not yet approved Approved by the Senate.[26]
South DakotaSB 43[27][28]2012-03-19
VirginiaHB 494[29]Not yet approvedIntroduced by Richmond Delegate Rosalyn R. Dance.
WisconsinAB 397[30]2012-04-09

Notable cases

In South Dakota, two people were charged with failure to report the death of two-year-old Rielee Lovell under the new law.[31] The defense attorney for Laurie Cournoyer claimed that the law violated his client's right against self-incrimination, saying "essentially what the state has done is criminalized a citizen's right to remain silent."[32]

Opposition

Critics and opponents of Caylee's Law state various reasons for their opposition. Some critics say the law is unconstitutional in that it violates the 5th Amendment. Critics also claim the law will mostly harm innocent parents. The laws as proposed do not distinguish the cause or place of death, therefore even parents whose children die in the hospital due to sudden illnesses are still required to report the death to the local police within the law's time frame or face felony charges in addition to the sudden tragic loss of their child.[33] One critic noted the law could lead to overcompliance and false reports by parents wary of becoming suspects, wasting police resources and leading to legitimate abductions going uninvestigated during the critical first few hours. Additionally innocent people could get snared in the law, for example, if the parents first begin searching for a child instead of immediately calling police, or if parents who are overcome by emotional shock and grief fail to report a child's unexpected death in a hospital.[34] Moreover, critics note that the law isn't likely to affect a parent who murders a child either intentionally or in a fit of anger or rage, since the law will not make it more likely that such parent would report the death within the given time limit.

[35] Critics argue that the law is a waste of time and resources, because the law would bog down police with investigations and prosecutions of parents who innocently fail to report within the time limits and with non-emergency reports from parents fearful of prosecution, while those parents that the law is intended to punish will be unaffected by the law because they are no more likely to make a report than they would be without the law and their failure to report is protected by the fifth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.[36][37]

References

1. ^{{cite news |title=Representatives file Caylee’s Law |date=7 July 2011 |url=http://www.cfnews13.com/article/news/2011/july/275589/Representatives-file-Caylee%E2%80%99s-Law |work=CFNews |accessdate=2011-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710164809/http://www.cfnews13.com/article/news/2011/july/275589/Representatives-file-Caylee%E2%80%99s-Law# |archive-date=2011-07-10 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/justice/caylees-law.aspx| title=Caylee's Law| publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures}}
3. ^{{cite news |title=Florida lawmakers introduce 'Caylee's Law' in response to case |date=7 July 2011 |publisher=News Service of Florida |url=http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/florida-lawmakers-introduce-caylees-law-in-response-to-case/1179303 |work=St. Petersburg Times |accessdate=2011-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711032428/http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/florida-lawmakers-introduce-caylees-law-in-response-to-case/1179303# |archive-date=2011-07-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{cite news |title=Casey Anthony found not guilty of murder of Caylee Anthony; many shocked by verdict |date=6 July 2011|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/casey-anthony-found-not-guilty-of-murder-of-caylee-anthony-many-shocked-by-verdict/2011/07/05/gIQAkVEy0H_story.html|work=The Washington Post |accessdate=2011-07-08}}
5. ^{{cite news |first=Laura|last=Riparbelli|title=Casey Anthony Trial Aftermath: 'Caylee's Law' Drafted in 4 States |date=7 July 2011 |url =http://abcnews.go.com/US/casey-anthony-trial-aftermath-caylee-law-drafted-states/story?id=14020260 |work=ABC News |accessdate=2011-07-07}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Anthony verdict inspires new law|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/casey-anthony-verdict-inspires-caylees-law-51949/|publisher=Christian Post}}
7. ^{{Cite news|title = Caylee's Law won't work|url = http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jul/21/opinion/la-ed-caylee-20110721|newspaper = Los Angeles Times|date = 2011-07-21|access-date = 2015-08-12|issn = 0458-3035|language = }}
8. ^{{cite web |author = Staff reporter | title = Lawmakers Look To Pass Caylee’s Law In NC | publisher = WSOC-TV | date = 2011-07-18Include the State of Illinois as states who passed Bills making Caylee's Law a Felony. See History edit. | url = http://www.wsoctv.com/news/news/lawmakers-look-to-pass-caylees-law-in-nc/nD5fp/|accessdate = 2013-06-15}}
9. ^{{cite news |title=Ohio lawmakers introduce 'Caylee's Law' |agency=The Associated Press |url=http://www.cfnews13.com/article/news/2011/august/303639/Ohio-lawmakers-introduce-Caylees-Law.html |date=1 Sep 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910165043/http://www.cfnews13.com/article/news/2011/august/303639/Ohio-lawmakers-introduce-Caylees-Law.html |archivedate=2011-09-10 |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.openbama.org/index.php/bill/fulltext/7077| title=Alabama SB1| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063443/http://www.openbama.org/index.php/bill/fulltext/7077| archivedate=2016-03-04| df=}}
11. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.wrbl.com/story/22555764/alabama-gov-robert-bentley-signs-caylees-law| title=Alabama Gov. Robert Bentley signs Caylee's Law| publisher=WRBL| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130702053503/http://www.wrbl.com/story/22555764/alabama-gov-robert-bentley-signs-caylees-law| archivedate=2013-07-02| df=}}
12. ^{{cite web| url=http://search.cga.state.ct.us/2012/FC/2012HB-05512-R000514-FC.htm| title=Connecticut HB 5512}}
13. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.cga.ct.gov/2012/ACT/PA/2012PA-00112-R00HB-05512-PA.htm| title=Sen. Kissel: CT Version of "Caylee’s Law" Signed Into Law| publisher=Connecticut General Assembly}}
14. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.cga.ct.gov/2012/ACT/PA/2012PA-00112-R00HB-05512-PA.htm| title=Sen. Kissel: CT Version of "Caylee’s Law" Signed Into Law| publisher=Connecticut General Assembly}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2012/0037 |title=Florida HB 37}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.firstcoastnews.com/news/article/251804/4/New-Law-Results-From-Death-Of-Caylee-Anthony|title=New Law Results From Death Of Caylee Anthony|author=Heller, Dave|newspaper=First Coast News|date=9 April 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120731003554/http://www.firstcoastnews.com/news/article/251804/4/New-Law-Results-From-Death-Of-Caylee-Anthony|archivedate=31 July 2012|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2537&GAID=11&DocTypeID=SB&SessionID=84&GA=97| title=Illinois SB 2537}}
18. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=097-1079| title=Illinois Public Act 097-1079}}
19. ^{{cite web| url=http://kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/measures/hb2534/| title=HB 2534| publisher=Kansas Legislature}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://openstates.org/la/bills/2012/HB600/ |title=Louisiana HB 600}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=810392 |title=Louisiana Act No. 454 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 }}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://openstates.org/nj/bills/214/A4297/ |title=New Jersey A 4297}}
23. ^{{cite web |author = Hastings, Kelly E. | title = HB 149: An Act to Make It a Criminal Offense to Fail to Report the Disappearance of a Child to Law Enforcement, to Increase the Criminal Penalty for Concealing the Death of a Child, to Increase the Criminal Penalty for Making a False, Misleading, or Unfounded Report to a Law Enforcement Agency or Officer for the Purpose of Interfering or Obstructing an Investigation Involving a Missing Child or Child Victim of a Class A, B1, B2, or C Felony, and to Make It a Class 1 Misdemeanor for a Person to Fail to Report the Abuse, Neglect, Dependency, or Death Due to Maltreatment of a Juvenile. | publisher = North Carolina General Assembly | date = 2011-05-08 | url = http://openstates.org/nc/bills/2013/HB149/documents/NCD00023687/ | accessdate = 2013-06-15}}
24. ^{{cite web |author = staff | title = Governor McCrory Takes Action on Legislation | publisher = Office of the Governor | date = 2013-05-17 | url = http://www.governor.state.nc.us/newsroom/press-releases/20130517/governor-mccrory-takes-action-legislation | accessdate = 2013-06-15}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://openstates.org/nj/bills/214/A4297/ |title=North Carolina Session Law 2013-52}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.news9.com/story/17166237/oklahoma-senate-approves-cayl |title=Oklahoma Senate Approves Caylee's Law |publisher=News9.com}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2012/BillStatus.pdf |title=Bill History Report |publisher=South Dakota Legislature |date=2012-03-20 |quote=SB 43 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606145652/http://legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2012/BillStatus.pdf |archivedate=2012-06-06 |df= }}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2012/Bill.aspx?File=SB43HJU.htm |publisher=South Dakota Legislature| title= SB 43}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?121+sum+HB494 |title= HB 494 Death of child; parent, guardian, etc., failure to report to local law-enforcement agency, etc. | accessdate=28 January 2012}}
30. ^http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/proposals/ab397
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ksfy.com/story/19015718/wagner |author=Courtney Zieller |title=Wagner adults arrested for 2-year-old's death, admitted to using meth/pot |publisher=KSFY-TV |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130127060542/http://www.ksfy.com/story/19015718/wagner |archivedate=2013-01-27 |df= }}
32. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-apnewsbreak-lawyer-challenges-death-reporting-law-2012sep11-story.html |title=Lawyer challenges death reporting law |author= KRISTI EATON |date=11 September 2012}}
33. ^[https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2011/07/06/proposed-caylees-law-generates-virtual-frenzy/ Proposed “Caylee’s Law” Generates Virtual Frenzy]
34. ^Radley Balko, Why 'Caylee's Law' Is A Bad Idea, Huffington Post, July 11, 2011.
35. ^Radley Balko, Why 'Caylee's Law' Is A Bad Idea, Huffington Post, July 11, 2011.
36. ^Radley Balko, Why 'Caylee's Law' Is A Bad Idea, Huffington Post, July 11, 2011.
37. ^Peter Finocchiaro, Is “Caylee’s Law” a bad idea?, “Salon.com”, July 8, 2011.

3 : Proposed laws of the United States|State law in the United States|New Jersey statutes
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