| 词条 | Dorothy Mae Taylor |
| 释义 |
|name=Dorothy Mae DeLavallade Taylor |image = Dorothy_Mae_Taylor.jpg |nationality=African-American |office=Louisiana State Representative for District 20 (Orleans Parish) |party=Democrat |term_start=1971 |term_end=1980 |preceded=Ernest Nathan Morial |office2=Member of the New Orleans City Council |term_start2=1986 |term_end2=1994 |preceded2= |succeeded2=Two at-large members: Peggy Wilson Jim Singleton |birth_date={{birth date|1928|8|10}} |birth_place=New Orleans, Louisiana, USA |death_date={{death date and age|2000|8|18|1928|8|10}} |death_place=New Orleans, Louisiana |death_cause= |resting_place= |alma_mater=Southern University |occupation=Civil rights activist Government official |residence=New Orleans, Louisiana |religion=Methodist |spouse=Johnny Taylor, Jr. (married 1948) |children=Seven children |parents=Charles H. and Mary Jackson DeLavallade }} Dorothy Mae DeLavallade Taylor (August 10, 1928 – August 18, 2000), was an educator and politician in New Orleans, the first African-American woman to be elected to and serve in the Louisiana House of Representatives. From 1971 to 1980, she represented District 20, since renumbered, in her native New Orleans. She had started her career as a teacher in the Head Start Program, designed to benefit children in their early years. She was also active in civil rights in the 1950s and 1960s, gaining more resources for facilities for African Americans in the city. As Director of the Central City Neighborhood Health Clinic from 1980, she also worked to develop African-American leaders among her staff, and mentored a number of future politicians in the state. In 1984 she was appointed by Governor Edwin Edwards as head of the state Department of Urban and Community Affairs, becoming the first African-American woman to hold a cabinet position. BackgroundDorothy Mae DeLavallade was the youngest of thirteen children born to Charles H. and Mary Jackson Delavallade. Educated in the segregated public schools of New Orleans, she subsequently attended Southern University, a historically black college in the capital city of Baton Rouge.[1] After graduation, Taylor became a Head Start teacher at the William J. Guste Elementary School]. She was a civil rights activist in the 1950s and 1960s, organizing pickets, sit-ins, and marches. In the late 1950s, she successfully petitioned the New Orleans Public Schools and the New Orleans Recreation Department to provide equal resources to blacks. In time, schools, playgrounds, and swimming pools were desegregated.[1] In 1948, Taylor married Johnny Taylor, Jr., and the couple had seven children together.[3] She was active for years in the Mt. Zion Methodist Church.[1] Political careerWhile working as a deputy clerk in the New Orleans Civil District Court, Taylor won a special election in 1971 to succeed Ernest Nathan Morial in the state House. He had been elected as the first black juvenile court judge in Orleans Parish. After her election to the state house, Taylor was uneasy about being the first African-American woman to serve there. She said that she "prayed and prayed … and the answer to my fear came to me in church one Sunday morning when the choir began to sing, ‘If Jesus goes with me I’ll go anywhere.’ It was then that I knew that God had a plan and purpose for my life."[1] Louisiana State University named Taylor in 1972 as "Legislator of the Year".[3] Sidney Barthelemy, another African-American political figure in New Orleans and Morial's successor as mayor, recalled that Representative Taylor had been committed to "criminal justice reform. She worked very hard to make sure that all people were treated fairly and humanely, especially those who were imprisoned. She felt that even those incarcerated deserved to be given basic health care and some semblance of a quality of life. After all, if we treat individuals like animals while they're incarcerated, how do you expect them to act when they are released back into the community?”[1] In 1972 Taylor got into an open dispute with Lieutenant General David Wade, the director of the Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections, with authority over both state police and prisons. Wade accused Taylor of seeking media attention by inciting trouble at the Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola, as well as at the Orleans Parish prison. He claimed that Taylor catered to a black militant group with an eye toward her own political agenda.[2] Taylor considered her efforts at penal reform to have been "partially successful because I have involved the courts, community organizations, the press, and hundreds of volunteers who are eager to work towards change.”[1] Central City Neighborhood Health ClinicAfter her legislative service ended in 1980, Taylor became director of the Central City Neighborhood Health Clinic, operated by the Total Community Action Agency in New Orleans. She worked to develop other African-American political leaders from these agencies, and some of her proteges went on to political office, including State Senator Henry Braden, Louisiana Public Service Commissioner Irma Muse Dixon, and state Representative Sherman Copelin. Austin Badon was an intern in Taylor's City Hall office while he attended the University of New Orleans, and later was elected to the state House.[1] In 1984, Taylor was appointed by third-term Governor Edwin Edwards to head the state Department of Urban and Community Affairs, the first African-American woman to hold a state cabinet position. In 1985, she received the "Humanitarian Award" from the Louisiana Association of Community Action Agencies. In 1986, she was elected to one of two at-large positions on the New Orleans City Council.[3] She held this seat until reaching term-limits in 1994. She was chosen as council president in 1987. Her tenure on the council coincided with that of Mayor Barthelemy.[1] Taylor is particularly known for her efforts while on the city council to desegregate the Mardi Gras organizations. Her proposed ordinance established jail time for officers of any club or krewe that discriminated on grounds of "race, gender, handicap or sexual orientation." A federal judge declared that Taylor's attempt to regulate membership policies of the krewes violated the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The final ordinance required krewe captains to sign an affidavit certifying that they are not discriminating as a condition for obtaining a parade permit. The Mistick Krewe of Comus and Momus stopped parading in New Orleans as a result of the new law, but Rex, King of the Carnival and the krewe, Proteus, after some hesitation, adopted Taylor's liberal guidelines. James Gill, daily columnist of the New Orleans Times-Picayune, referred to Taylor as "the firebrand of the New Orleans City Council."[4] After Comus and Momus left New Orleans, some articles criticized Taylor as "The Grinch who Stole Mardi Gras." In 2006, fourteen years after the controversy began, James Gill said, "I think you cannot deny that she is remembered among white people here as the vixen who tried to destroy Mardi Gras, and who to some extent succeeded."[1] Taylor died in New Orleans in 2000, eight days after her 72nd birthday. {{Portalbar|Biography|New Orleans|Louisiana|Politics|African American|Liberalism|Methodism}}References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=http://www.louisianaweekly.com/remembering-dorothy-mae-taylor-the-first-lady-of-1300-perdido-st/|title=Remembering Dorothy Mae Taylor: The First Lady of 1300 Perdido St.|author=Michael Radcliff|date=June 14, 2011|publisher=The Louisiana Weekly|accessdate=September 27, 2014}} {{S-start}}{{succession box2. ^"David Wade Says Dorothy Taylor Is a "Real Phony", Minden Press-Herald, April 27, 1972, p. 1 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.nicholls.edu/apps/library/archives_collections/MS.LCWG-1.pdf|title=Dorothy Mae Taylor Papers|publisher=Nicholls State University|location=Thibodaux, Louisiana|date=August 2007|accessdate=September 27, 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/opinions/index.ssf/2012/02/legacy_of_former_new_orleans_c.html|title=Mardi Gras is more open, thanks to Dorothy Mae Taylor|author=James Gill|date=February 15, 2012|publisher=New Orleans Times-Picayune|accessdate=September 27, 2014}} |before=Ernest Nathan Morial |title=Louisiana State Representative for District 20 (Orleans Parish) Dorothy Mae DeLavallade Taylor |years=1971–1980 |after=Missing}}{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Taylor, Dorothy Mae}} 12 : 1928 births|2000 deaths|Southern University alumni|Members of the Louisiana House of Representatives|Women state legislators in Louisiana|New Orleans City Council members|Louisiana Democrats|Activists for African-American civil rights|African-American state legislators in Louisiana|African-American Methodists|20th-century American politicians|Women city councillors in the United States |
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