| 词条 | Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Lord Cockfield |honorific-suffix = PC |image = Arthur Cockfield 1952.jpg |office = European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services |president = Jacques Delors |term_start = 7 January 1985 |term_end = 5 January 1989 |predecessor = {{Interlanguage link multi|Karl-Heinz Narjes|de}} |successor = Martin Bangemann |office2 = Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster |primeminister2 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start2 = 11 June 1983 |term_end2 = 11 September 1984 |predecessor2 = Cecil Parkinson |successor2 = The Earl of Gowrie |office3 = Secretary of State for Trade President of the Board of Trade |primeminister3 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start3 = 6 April 1982 |term_end3 = 11 June 1983 |predecessor3 = John Biffen |successor3 = Cecil Parkinson (Trade and Industry) |office4 = Minister of State for Treasury |primeminister4 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start4 = 6 May 1979 |term_end4 = 6 April 1982 |predecessor4 = Denzil Davies |successor4 = John Wakeham |office5 = Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | term_start5 = April 1978 | term_end5 = 8 January 2007 Life Peerage |birth_date = {{birth date|1916|9|28|df=y}} |birth_place = Horsham, UK |death_date = {{death date and age|2007|1|8|1916|9|28|df=y}} |death_place = |party = Conservative |alma_mater = London School of Economics }}Francis Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield, PC (surname pronounced "Co-feeld"; 28 September 1916 – 8 January 2007) was by turns a civil servant, a company director, a Conservative politician, and a European Commissioner. He served as Minister of State at the Treasury from 1979 to 1982, as Secretary of State for Trade from 1982 until 1983, as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1983 until 1984, a member of the European Commission from 1984 to 1988 and known as 'The Father of the Single Market'.[1][2] Early lifeCockfield was born in Horsham, a month after his father, Lieutenant C.F. Cockfield, died at the Battle of the Somme. He was educated at Dover Grammar School, then read for an LLB and a BSc (Econ) at the London School of Economics. CareerCockfield joined the Inland Revenue in 1938, and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1942. He progressed rapidly within the Inland Revenue, serving as Director of Statistics from 1945 to 1952 and as a Commissioner from 1951 to 1952, before joining Boots as its finance director. He was its managing director and chairman from 1961 to 1967. He was also a member of Selwyn Lloyd's National Economic Development Council from 1962 to 1964.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} Cockfield was known by his first name, Frank, for most of his life but hated it. When he married his first wife, Ruth Simonis, his granddaughter, Emma, recalls how he told her he wished to use his middle name instead: "All my life I've been called Frank but I've hated it- you're to call me Arthur."{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} Cockfield left Boots to become an adviser to the Conservative politician Iain Macleod on taxation and economic matters, and was president of the Royal Statistical Society from 1968 to 1969. Macleod died shortly after the Conservatives took power in 1970, but Cockfield went on to advise Anthony Barber, Macleod's successor as Chancellor of the Exchequer, until 1973. He then served as chairman of the Price Commission from 1973 to 1977, receiving a knighthood in 1973 New Years Honours List.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} Political careerCockfield was created Baron Cockfield, of Dover in the County of Kent, in April 1978. On the election of Margaret Thatcher to office in May 1979, he became a Minister of State at the Treasury, a post he held until April 1982. He became a member of the Privy Council in 1982, and was the last Secretary of State for Trade from 1982, before it was merged with the Department of Industry in 1983.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} After the 1983 general election, Cockfield became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. In this role he had no specific departmental responsibilities, so he effectively became an advisor and a sort of one-man think-tank to the Prime Minister. Lord Cockfield resigned from the cabinet in September 1984 to join the European Commission as commissioner for Internal Market, Tax Law and Customs under Jacques Delors, and a Vice-President of the first Delors Commission. He was expected to follow Margaret Thatcher's eurosceptic line, but became a driving force in laying the groundwork for the creation of the Single European Market in 1992. Only a few months after he arrived in Brussels, he produced a mammoth white paper listing 300 barriers to trade, with a timetable for them to be abolished. He was not selected{{Clarify|date=December 2009}} to serve a second term, and was replaced by Leon Brittan.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} After leaving the Commission in 1988, Cockfield became a consultant for accountants Peat, Marwick, McLintock. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II of Belgium in 1990, and honorary doctorates and fellowships from a number of British and American universities.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} Personal lifeHe married twice. He married his first wife, Ruth Helen Simonis, in 1943, but they divorced in the early 1960s. They had two children: a daughter, Hilary Ann Cockfield, born June 1944; and a son, Roger Edmund Cockfield, born 21 November 1947. He had five grandchildren by his 1st wife; daughter Hilary had daughter Juliet and sons Christopher (Known as Kit) and Patrick Williams; Roger had two girls Catherine Rosemary, born 31 December 1977, (named after his wife's mother Catherine May Vineall, née Lambert) and Emma Anne Alexandra Cockfield born 5 July 1981. He later married choreographer Monica Mudie, in 1970; she died in 1992. He was survived by his son Roger and daughter Hilary and five grandchildren from his first marriage. Lord Cockfield is buried, along with his wife Monica, on the Isle of Man. Arms{{Infobox COA wide|image = |escutcheon = Chequy Azure and Gules two Flaunches conjoined to three Barrulets Or |crest = A Globe rising Or issuing therefrom a Lymphad Sail furled Azure flying from the main and stern mast Flags Gules therein two Human Figures that in the stern pulling an Oar Or |supporters = On either side a Cock Azure combed wattled beaked and legged Gules gorged with a Mural Crown Or |motto = Prorsum Specta Nec Rursum |badge = A Square Billet embattled chequy Azure and Or |coronet = Coronet of a baron[3] }} References1. ^{{cite web|url= http://archives.eui.eu/en/files/transcript/15166.pdf|title=EU Archives|publisher=European Union|accessdate=28 March 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Cockfield|first=Arthur|title=European Union: Creating The European Single Market|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_European_Union.html?id=cGnsAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|date=1994|publisher=Wiley Chancery Law|accessdate=28 March 2017}} 3. ^http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/lp1958%20c.htm
|-{{s-bef|before=Cecil Parkinson}}{{s-ttl|title=Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster|years=1983–1984}}{{s-aft|after=The Earl of Gowrie}} |-{{s-bef|before=Christopher Tugendhat}}{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=European Commissioner from the United Kingdom|years=1985–1989|alongside=Stanley Clinton-Davis}}{{s-aft|after=Leon Brittan}} |-{{s-bef|before=Ivor Richard}}{{s-aft|after=Bruce Millan}} |-{{s-bef|before=Karl-Heinz Narjes}}{{s-ttl|title=European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services|years=1985–1989}}{{s-aft|after=Martin Bangemann}}{{s-end}}{{Presidents of the Board of Trade}}{{European Commissioners from the United Kingdom}}{{Royal Statistical Society presidents}}{{Thatcher Ministry}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cockfield, Arthur}} 16 : 1916 births|2007 deaths|Alumni of the London School of Economics|Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster|Civil servants in the Board of Inland Revenue|Conservative Party (UK) life peers|British European Commissioners|British Secretaries of State|Knights Bachelor|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II|People from Dover, Kent|People from Horsham|Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society|People educated at Dover Grammar School for Boys|Presidents of the Board of Trade |
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