“Arthur Upfield”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Arthur William Upfield (1 September 1890 – 12 February 1964) was an English/Australian writer, best known for his works of detective fiction featuring Detective Inspector Napoleon "Bony" Bonaparte of the Queensland Police Force, a half-caste Aborigine. His books were the basis for a 1970s Australian television series entitled Boney, as well as a 1990 telemovie and a 1992 spin-off TV series.

Born in England, Upfield moved to Australia in 1911 and fought with the Australian military during the First World War. Following his war service, he travelled extensively throughout Australia, obtaining a knowledge of Australian Aboriginal culture that he would later use in his written works. In addition to writing detective fiction, Upfield was a member of the Australian Geological Society and was involved in numerous scientific expeditions.

In The Sands of Windee, a story about a "perfect murder", Upfield invented a method to destroy carefully all evidence of the crime. Upfield's "Windee method" was used in the Murchison Murders, and because Upfield had discussed the plot with friends, including the man accused of the murders, he was called to give evidence in court.^[1]

The episode is dramatised in the film 3 Acts of Murder starring Robert Menzies.

Early life

Upfield was born in Gosport, Hampshire, England on 1 September 1890.^[2] His father was a draper. In 1911, after he did poorly in examinations towards becoming a real estate agent, Upfield's father sent him to Australia.^[3]

With the outbreak of World War I, he joined the First Australian Imperial Force on 23 August 1914.^[4] Upfield sailed from Brisbane on the HMAT Anglo Egyptian on 24 September 1914 to Melbourne. At the time of sailing he had the rank of Driver and was with the 1st Light horse Brigade Train (5 Company ASC [Army Service Corps]).^[5] In Melbourne he was at a camp for several weeks before sailing to Egypt.^[6] He fought at Gallipoli and in France and married an Australian nurse, Ann Douglass, in Egypt in 1915. He was discharged in England on 15 October 1919. Before returning to Australia, Ann gave birth to their only child, a son James Arthur Upfield, born in February 1920.^[7]

For most of the next 20 years he travelled throughout the outback, working at a number of jobs and learning about Aboriginal cultures. He later used the knowledge he had gained in his books.

Career

Upfield created the character of Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte, based, he claimed, on a man known as "Tracker Leon", whom he had met in his travels. Leon Wood was supposedly a "half-caste" (in the language of the day, meaning part Aboriginal and part white) employed as a tracker by the Queensland Police.^[2] He was also said to have read Shakespeare and a biography of Napoleon, and to have received a university education. However, there is no evidence that any such person ever existed.^[8] The novels featuring "Bony", as the character was also known, were far more successful than any other writings by Upfield.

Late in life Upfield became a prominent member of the Australian Geological Society, involved in scientific expeditions.^[7] He led a major expedition in 1948 to northern and western parts of Australia, including the Wolfe Creek Crater, which was a setting for his novel The Will of the Tribe published in 1962.^[9]

After living at Bermagui, New South Wales, Upfield moved to Bowral.^[10] Upfield died at Bowral on 12 February 1964.^[10] His last work, The Lake Frome Monster, published in 1966, was completed by J.L. Price and Dorothy Stange.

In 1957, Jessica Hawke published a biography of the author entitled Follow My Dust!. It is generally held, however, that this was written by Upfield himself.^[3]

Works

Upfield's novels were held in high regard by some fellow writers. In 1987, H.R.F. Keating included The Sands of Windee (1931) in his list of the 100 best crime and mystery books ever published.^[2] J.B. Priestley wrote of Upfield: "If you like detective stories that are something more than puzzles, that have solid characters and backgrounds, that avoid familiar patterns of crime and detection, then Mr Upfield is your man."^[2] Others have found Upfield's prose stilted. Much of the appeal of Arthur Upfield's stories lies in the depiction of outback Australian life in the 1930s through into the 1950s.

The late US mystery novelist Tony Hillerman was generous in his praise for Upfield's works. In his introduction to the posthumous 1984 reprint of Upfield's A Royal Abduction he described the seduction in his youth of Upfield's descriptions of both the harsh outback areas, and "the people who somehow survived upon them ... . When my own Jim Chee of the Navaho Tribal Police unravels a mystery because he understands the ways of his people, when he reads the signs in the sandy bottom of a reservation arroyo, he is walking in the tracks Bony made 50 years ago."^[11]

Television series

From 1972 to 1973, Fauna Productions (also responsible for Skippy the Bush Kangaroo) produced a 26-episode television series. After a long search for a half-white, half-Aborigine actor, the producers chose English actor Jon Finch for the role of Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte. When he suddenly became unavailable, Fauna's John McCallum flew to London in panic and was lucky enough to audition New Zealand actor James Laurenson on his last day there. Offered the lead role, Laurenson hurriedly flew to Australia, reading "Bony" books all the way over.

The series was called Boney, partly to make the pronunciation of the name obvious, and partly because that had been Upfield's original intention – a publisher's misprint on the first novel had renamed the character.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} Most of the episodes were based directly on one of the novels, but there were some adaptations. Two original scripts were not directly based on any novel; five novels were not adapted for television, effectively "reserving" them in case a third series was produced. At the time, many of the books were reprinted with the spelling altered to "Boney" on the covers (although retaining the original in the text), and featuring a photo from the relevant episode.^[12]

Bony was also a 1990 telemovie and later a 1992 spin-off TV series (using the original "Bony" spelling). However, the series was criticised for casting Bony as a white man (played by Cameron Daddo), under the tutelage of "Uncle Albert", an elderly Aborigine played by Burnum Burnum.

Books

Short Stories

Non-Fiction

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bookorphanage.com/upfield.html|title=Arthur Upfield|publisher=Bookorphanage.com|accessdate=9 August 2009}}
2. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://authorscalendar.info/aupfiel.htm |title=Arthur Upfield |website=Books and Writers |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=Kuusankoski Public Library |location=Finland |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408202631/http://authorscalendar.info/aupfiel.htm |archivedate=8 April 2018 |dead-url=yes }}
3. ^¹{{cite web| author= | year=2002 | url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/bwriting/stories/s550978.htm | title=The Arthur Upfield Mystery – Bony (transcript of radio show 12 May 2002) | work=Radio National, Books and Writing | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | accessdate=16 January 2006}}
4. ^{{cite book | first = Terry | last = Walker | year = 1993| title = Murder on the Rabbit Proof Fence: The strange case of Arthur Upfield and Snowy Rowles| publisher = Hesperian Press | location = Carlisle, Western Australia | isbn = 0-85905-189-7 }}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.awm.gov.au/research/people/nominal_rolls/first_world_war_embarkation/?Name=arthur%20upfield&ServiceNumber=&Unit= | title=First World War Unit Embarkation Rolls (search for Arthur Upfield) | work=Nominal rolls | publisher=Australian War Memorial | accessdate=3 February 2006 }}
6. ^{{cite news | first=Arthur | last=Upfield | title=One Digger's War | publisher=Melbourne Herald | date=19 April 1934}} Copy of article with Upfield's World War 1 Military Records held by the National Archives of Australia.
7. ^¹{{cite web| author=Jonathan Vos Post| year=2004| url=http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateMystery/perAu.html| title=Arthur Upfield| work=Periodic Table of Mystery Authors | publisher= Magic Dragon Multimedia | accessdate=15 January 2006}}
8. ^Caroline Baum, "The Case of the Disappearing Detective", The Age, Good Weekend magazine, 20 January 2007, p. 26
9. ^{{ cite web | author=Kees de Hoog | year=2004 | url=http://www.collectingbooksandmagazines.com/upfield.html | title=Arthur W. Upfield, Creator of Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte (Bony) of the Queensland Police | work=Collecting Books and Magazines | publisher=www.collectingbooksandmagazines.com/ | accessdate=9 February 2006 }}
10. ^¹²{{cite book|title = The Oxford Literary Guide to Australia|editor = Peter Pierce|pages = 30, 33, 302|publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Melbourne|year = 1987}}
11. ^{{cite book |title=Investigating Arthur Upfield: A Centenary Collection of Critical Essays |editor1=deHoog, Kees |editor2=Hetherington, Carol |year=2011 |page=29 |chapter=Upfield: The Man Who Started It |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1443834957 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ygrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=A+Royal+Abduction.+Arthur+Upfield+1984+edition&source=bl&ots=JBpYVitH_5&sig=YgEBn4lLnggw4JvxwENWs3KEdj0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2prX_o7zMAhWkzoMKHSjHBL8Q6AEIQTAI#v=onepage&q=A%20Royal%20Abduction.%20Arthur%20Upfield%201984%20edition&f=false}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.classicaustraliantv.com/Boney.htm|title=Boney|publisher=Classicaustraliantv.com|accessdate=9 August 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090913151201/http://www.classicaustraliantv.com/Boney.htm| archivedate= 13 September 2009 | deadurl= no}}
13. ^{{cite web | author=Barry John Watts | year= | url=http://www.bookorphanage.com/upfield.html | title= Arthur Upfield and Detective-Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte of the Queensland Police | work= | publisher=Pegasus Book Orphanage | accessdate=15 January 2006 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060226183143/http://www.bookorphanage.com/upfield.html| archivedate= 26 February 2006 | deadurl= no}}
14. ^{{cite web | author= | year= | url=http://heenan73.proboards29.com/index.cgi?board=awuspecific&action=display&thread=1093196802 | title='Beach of Atonement' Discussion Forum | format= | work=Famous Folk Arthur W. Upfield Discussion Forum | publisher=www.proboards.com | accessdate=5 February 2006 }}
15. ^http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67999187
16. ^{{cite web | year = 2004 | url = http://www.smh.com.au/news/New-South-Wales/Bermagui/2005/02/17/1108500192720.html | title = Bermagui | work = Travel | publisher = Fairfax Digital | accessdate = 17 May 2006| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060427053243/http://www.smh.com.au/news/New-South-Wales/Bermagui/2005/02/17/1108500192720.html| archivedate= 27 April 2006 | deadurl= no}}
17. ^{{cite web |author = N.L. Nicholson |year = 2003 |url = http://nicholnl.wcp.muohio.edu/DingosBreakfastClub/Australia/Upfield/NewShoeEagleClaw.gif |title = Images of the Lighthouse and Eagle Rock featuring in Upfield's Novel, "The New Shoe" |format = |work = Dingo's Breakfast Club: Australian Natural History; Human ecological context for the "Bony" mysteries by Arthur William Upfield |publisher = nicholnl.wcp.muohio.edu |accessdate = 5 February 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060104233839/http://nicholnl.wcp.muohio.edu/DingosBreakfastClub/Australia/Upfield/NewShoeEagleClaw.gif |archivedate = 4 January 2006 |deadurl = yes |df = dmy-all}}
18. ^¹²{{cite web |author = N.L. Nicholson |year = 2003 |url = http://nicholnl.wcp.muohio.edu/DingosBreakfastClub/Australia/UpfieldMysteries.html |title = Australian Natural History; Human ecological context for the "Bony" mysteries by Arthur William Upfield |work = Dingo's Breakfast Club |publisher = nicholnl.wcp.muohio.edu |accessdate = 5 February 2006 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725003432/http://nicholnl.wcp.muohio.edu/DingosBreakfastClub/Australia/UpfieldMysteries.html |archivedate = 25 July 2008 |df = dmy-all}}
19. ^{{cite web | author= | year=2000 | url=http://www.lastsfa.org/finder/ww_4.htm | title=The Wild, Wombat's Wonderings!Part 4 [sic] | work=(Journal of trip to Australia in 1999–2000) | publisher=The Latham-Albany-Schenectady-Troy Science Fiction Association | accessdate=5 February 2006 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060115030418/http://www.lastsfa.org/finder/ww_4.htm| archivedate= 15 January 2006 | deadurl= no}}