| 词条 | German submarine U-618 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-618 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 29 May 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 594, launched on 20 February 1942 and commissioned on 16 April 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Kurt Baberg. DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-618 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-618 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyThe boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 16 April 1942, followed by active service on 1 September 1942 as part of the 7th Flotilla for the remainder of her service. In ten patrols she sank three merchant ships, for a total of {{GRT|15,788|disp=long}}. WolfpacksU-618 took part in 18 wolfpacks, namely
1943On 20 November 1943, U-618 shot down a RAF Liberator bomber of 53 Squadron near to Convoy SL 139. On 30 December 1943, U-618 rescued 21 survivors from German destroyer Z27.[2] and its escort. Earlier {{GS|U-505||2}} had rescued 34,[3] and {{MV|Kerlogue}} (Ireland) had rescued 164. 1944On 19 March 1944, U-618, while trying to enter the Mediterranean Sea, sustained a week long sustained Allied attack from both aircraft and surface ships before being forced to return to France with heavy battle damage. On 6 April 1944, U-618 was attacked by a RCAF Liberator bomber. She was able to return fire and damage the aircraft sufficiently that the air attack was broken off. On 30 July 1944, U-618 shot down a RAF Wellington bomber in the Bay of Biscay. All six of the aircrew were killed when the bomber crashed into the sea. FateU-618 was sunk on 14 August 1944 in the North Atlantic in position {{coord|47|22|N|04|39|W|display=inline, title}}, by depth charges from {{HMS|Duckworth|K351|6}}, {{HMS|Essington|K353|6}} and RAF Liberator. All hands were lost. Summary of raiding history
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u618.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-618 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 July 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u618.htm|title=General notes on this boat |last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|work=U-618|publisher=Uboat.net|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1088.html|title=Patrol info for U-505 (Eleventh patrol)|last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|work=U-Boat Patrols|publisher=Uboat.net|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u618.html |title=Ships hit by U-618 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 July 2014}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Sharpe |first=Peter |title=U-Boat Fact File |publisher=Midland Publishing |location=Great Britain |year=1998 |isbn=1-85780-072-9}}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u618.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-618 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=29 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{August 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0618}} 12 : German Type VIIC submarines|1942 ships|U-boats commissioned in 1942|Ships lost with all hands|U-boats sunk in 1944|U-boats sunk by British aircraft|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British warships|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|World War II submarines of Germany|Ships built in Hamburg|Maritime incidents in August 1944 |
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