| 词条 | Revive China Society |
| 释义 |
| name = Revive China Society | native_name = 興中會 | native_name_lang = zh | named_after = | image = Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg | image_size = | alt = | caption = The Xingzhonghui flag was designed by Lu Haodong and is currently the KMT flag. | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | abbreviation = | motto = | predecessor = | merged = Tongmenghui | successor = | formation = {{start date and age|1894|11|24}} | founder = Sun Yat-sen | founding_location = Honolulu | extinction = {{end date and age|1905|08|20}} | merger = | type = Secret political fraternity | status = | purpose = | headquarters = 13 Staunton Street, Hong Kong | location = | coords = | region = | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = | leader_name = Yang Quyun | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = Revive Han Association }}{{Chinese|t=興中會|p=xīng zhōng huì|j=hing1 zung1 wui6 | s = 兴中会 }} The Hsing Chung Hui or Xingzhonghui translated as the Revive China Society (興中會), the Society for Regenerating China, or the Proper China Society[1] was founded by Sun Yat-sen on 24 November 1894 to forward the goal of establishing prosperity for China and as a platform for future revolutionary activities. It was formed during the First Sino-Japanese War, after a string of Chinese military defeats exposed corruption and incompetence within the imperial government of the Qing dynasty. Kuomintang recognize the establishment of Revive China Society as the establishment of the party. Because Sun was in exile from China at the time, the society was founded in Honolulu, Republic of Hawaii. Those admitted to the society swore the following oath: Expel Tatar barbarians, revive Zhonghua, and establish a unified government. (驅除韃虜，恢復中華，創立合眾政府。)[2] When Sun Yat-sen returned to Hong Kong in early 1895, he met up again with Yeung Ku-wan, president of the already existing Furen Literary Society, whom he had first met in 1891. As they both wanted to take advantage of the uneasy political situation due to the First Sino-Japanese War, on 18 February 1895, the Furen Literary Society was merged into the Revive China Society,[3] with help from Yau Lit, a close friend of Sun and member of Furen. Yeung and Sun became the President and Secretary of the Society respectively. They disguised their activities in Hong Kong under the guise of running a business called "Kuen Hang Club"[4]{{rp|90}} (乾亨行). In October 1895, the Revive China Society planned to launch an uprising in Guangzhou, with Yeung directing the uprising in Hong Kong where funds and training location were provided by Li Ki-tong. However, plans were leaked out and more than 70 members, including Lu Haodong, a schoolboy friend of Sun Yat-sen, were captured by the Qing government. Under pressure from the Qing government in mainland China, the British colonial authorities in Hong Kong forced Yeung and Sun Yat-sen to leave, barring them from entering Hong Kong over the next five years. Yeung travelled to Johannesburg, South Africa, via Singapore and later to Japan, where he stayed from 1896–1899, to expand the Revive China Society and spread its ideas. The group lost its vigour after the failed uprisings in 1895 and 1900, according to the Concise History of Hong Kong. It was later merged into the Tongmenghui, which in turn became the Kuomintang. See also
References
1. ^Sharman, Lyon (1968). Sun Yat-sen: His life and its meaning, a critical biography. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 94. 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kmt.org.tw/hc.aspx?id=16&cid=28|title=總理 孫中山先生|publisher=Official site of Kuomintang|accessdate=28 November 2010}} 3. ^Schiffrin, Harold Z, 1968 "Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution", University of California Press, p.48 4. ^{{cite book|last=Faure|first=David|title=Society|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|date=1997|isbn=9789622093935}}, founder Tse Tsan-tai's account
{{cite book |last = Carroll |first = John M. |title = A Concise History of Hong Kong |year = 2007 |publisher = Hong Kong University Press |ISBN = 978-962-209-878-7 |page = 80 }}{{refend}}
{{cite web |title = China: the early republican period: reformist and revolutionist movements at the end of the dynasty |url = https://www.britannica.com/place/China/Japan-and-the-Ryukyu-Islands#ref590603 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=19 May 2017 |language=en |last1= Feuerwerker |first1 = Albert | author1link = Albert Feuerwerker | author2 = Brian E McKnight | author3 = C Martin Wilbur | author3link = C. Martin Wilbur | author4 = Charles O Hucker | author4link = Charles Hucker | author5= Chen Cheng-siang | author-link5 = Chen Cheng-siang | author6 = Hsu Cho-yun | author6link = Cho-yun Hsu | author7 = Chusei Suzuki | author8 = David N Keightley | author8link = David Keightley | author9 = Denis C Twitchett | author9link = Denis Twitchett | author10= Erik Zürcher | author10link = Erik Zürcher | author11 = Ernest P Young | author11link = Ernest P. Young | author12 =Evelyn S Rawski | author12link = Evelyn Rawski | author13 = Herbert Franke | author13link = Herbert Franke (sinologist) | author14= Chan Hok-lam | author15=Jack L Dull | author15link = Jack Dull | author16 = James Liu TC | author16link = James T. C. Liu | author17=Jerome Silbergeld | author17link = Jerome Silbergeld | author18 =John Wilson Lewis| author19 =Kenneth G Lieberthal | author19link = Kenneth Lieberthal | author20 = Kenneth J DeWoskin }} {{cite web |title = Original Site of Xing Zhong Hui (Revive China Society) Hong Kong Headquarters |url = http://www.amo.gov.hk/en/trails_sheungwan2.php?tid=4 |website=Antiquities & Monuments Office |publisher=Leisure & Cultural Services Dept. |accessdate=19 May 2017 |language = en }} {{cite web |author = Wang Yi-chu |title = Sun Yat-sen: early life & influences |url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sun-Yat-sen#ref141214 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=19 May 2017 |language = en }}{{refend}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{China-hist-stub}} 5 : Organizations established in 1894|1894 establishments in the United States|History of the Republic of China|Xinhai Revolution|Kuomintang |
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