“History of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ahmadiyya Community is a sect of Islam which originated from India and spread all across the world. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in 1889. The total population of the community is estimated to be between 10–15 million, with main concentrations in South Asia.^[1]^[2]^[3] For a history timeline see Timeline of Ahmadiyya history.

Founding of Community in 1889

After he rose to fame by debating with Hindu and Christian priesthood. He was revealed{{clarify|date=December 2011}} to take the covenant. The first one was Hakeem Noor-ud-Din who became the first Caliph of the community. On this day, 40 followers had taken the covenant.

First Meal and Prayer

After the taking of covenant, a meal was eaten and a prayer was held by all of the companions of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. It was the first gathering of the community.

Increasing of Ahmadis

Claim and Rejection

When Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to be the Promised Messiah for whom the Muslims were waiting, Maulvi Muhammad Hussein of Batala, who was his colleague was the first one to reject him. After his claim, he and his followers were the subject of the Muslim majority in India. The persecution of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community started from that day.

Fatwa by Muslim Opponents

Hussein indulged other clerics to prepare a fatwa against Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and his followers. A Fatwa of 150 or 250 pages were prepared by him which contained fatwas from all of the Islamic clerics from all of India.

The split of in 1914

The split in 1914 resulted in the formation of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, also known as Anjuman Isha`at-e-Islam. The primary reason for the split was differences over the suitability of the elected Khalifa (2nd successor) Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad (the son of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad) and also ideological differences on key theological issues.

The key ideological differences leading to the split pertained to the status of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad being a prophet or simply a mujadid, and the status of Muslims not accepting Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claims.

The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement believes Muhammad to be the last of the prophets, and that after him no prophet can appear—neither a past one like Jesus, nor a new one.^[4] They believe that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is referred to as a Prophet in the metaphorical sense only (as other saints have been referred to as well), and not in the real and technical meaning of the word as used in Islamic terminology.^[5] In contrast, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community hold that Muhammad was the last law-bearing prophet and new non-law bearing prophets can come after him.^[6] They hold Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to be a Prophet (with all the qualities of a prophet like Jesus) but subordinate and deputy to Muhammad.^[7]

The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has established centres in 200 countries and states that its membership is in the tens of millions,^[8] while the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement states it is established in 17 countries of the world.^[9]

The larger body of Ahmadi Muslims belonging in the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community however contend that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad himself received a revelation by God concerning a future split in his Community and that it would be concerning his Promised Son:

References

1. ^BBC NEWS | UK | Islamic sect gathers in Surrey
2. ^Ahmadiyya Community – An Overview
3. ^Broadcasts on Centenary Khilafat Celebrations on MTA international on May 27, 2008
4. ^[https://archive.is/20041121144454/http://aaiil.info/misconceptions/khatam/khatam.htm “The Issue of Khatam-un-Nabiyyin”], The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
5. ^[https://archive.is/20050128093855/http://aaiil.info/misconceptions/nabirasul/nabirasul.htm “The Use of the Terms Nabi & Rasul For Non-prophets”], The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=37 |title=The Question of Finality of Prophethood {{pipe}} The Promised Messiah and Mahdi by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited |accessdate=}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=A World Reformer {{pipe}} The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=11}}
8. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4009445.ece | title=The Ahmadi Muslim Community, Who are they? | date=27 May 2008 |work=The Times }}
9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.aaiil.org/text/cntct/contact.shtml | title=World Wide Branches of AAIIL | publisher=Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement}}