| 词条 | Rudbeckia | ||||||
| 释义 |
|name =Black-eyed-susans Coneflowers |image = Rudbeckia hirta flower closeup.jpg |image_caption = Rudbeckia hirta |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Asterales |familia = Asteraceae |subfamilia = Asteroideae |tribus = Heliantheae |subtribus = Rudbeckinae |genus = Rudbeckia |genus_authority = L. 1753 not Adans. 1763 (Combretaceae) |synonyms_ref=[1] |synonyms=
|type_species = Rudbeckia hirta |type_species_authority = L.[2][3] }} Rudbeckia {{IPAc-en|r|ʌ|d|ˈ|b|ɛ|k|i|ə}}[4] is a plant genus in the sunflower family.[5][6] The species are commonly called coneflowers and black-eyed-susans; all are native to North America and many species are cultivated in gardens for their showy yellow or gold flower heads. The species are herbaceous, mostly perennial plants (some annual or biennial) growing to 0.5–3.0 m tall, with simple or branched stems. The leaves are spirally arranged, entire to deeply lobed, and 5–25 cm long. The flowers are produced in daisy-like inflorescences, with yellow or orange florets arranged in a prominent, cone-shaped head; "cone-shaped" because the ray florets tend to point out and down (are decumbent) as the flower head opens. A large number of species have been proposed within Rudbeckia, but most are now regarded as synonyms of the limited list given below. Several currently accepted species have several accepted varieties. Some of them (for example the black-eyed susan, R. hirta), are popular garden flowers distinguished for their long flowering times. Many cultivars of these species are known. Rudbeckia species are eaten by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species including cabbage moths and dot moths. EtymologyThe name was given by Carolus Linnaeus in honor of his teacher at Uppsala University, Professor Olof Rudbeck the Younger (1660-1740), and his father Professor Olof Rudbeck the Elder (1630-1702), both of whom were botanists. Rudbeckia is one of at least four genera within the flowering plant family Asteraceae whose members are commonly known as coneflowers; the others are Echinacea, Dracopis, and Ratibida. Species
UsesMany species are used in prairie restorations, for ornamental use, and by livestock for forage. An abundance of these plants on a rangeland indicates good health.They are deer and rabbit resistant[10]. References1. ^1 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist 2. ^lectotype designated by N. L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 3: 469 (1913) 3. ^Tropicos, Rudbeckia L. 4. ^Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995: 606–607. 5. ^[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358927#page/348/mode/1up Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 906-907] in Latin 6. ^Flora of North America 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10575 |title=Species Records of Rudbeckia |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-06-05}} 8. ^{{ITIS |taxon=Rudbeckia |id=36764 |accessdate=5 June 2010}} 9. ^Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps 10. ^http://www.anyflora.com/rudbeckia-fulgida-goldsturm-care/ External links
3 : Rudbeckia|Asteraceae genera|Flora of North America |
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