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词条 Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
释义

  1. Powers and duties of the Assembly

  2. Structure

  3. Current composition

  4. Latest election

     Distribution by constituency 

  5. Composition of the Assembly of the Republic since 1975

  6. Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic

  7. Members

  8. See also

  9. Notes

  10. References

  11. External links

{{Infobox legislature
| background_color = #009150
| name = Assembly of the Republic
| native_name = Assembleia da República
| coa_pic = Coat of arms of the Assembly of the Portuguese Republic.svg
| coa_res =
| coa_caption = Emblem of the Assembly of the Republic
| logo_pic = Flag of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic.svg
| logo_res = 270px
| logo_caption = Flag of the Assembly of the Republic
| session_room = Lisbon, Portugal (Sharon Hahn Darlin) São Bento.jpg
| session_res = 260px
| session_room2 = Parlamento-IPPAR1.jpg
| session_res2 = 260px
| house_type = Unicameral
| leader1_type = President of the Assembly
| leader1 = Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
| party1 = PS
|leader2_type = Vice-Presidents
|leader2 = José de Matos Correia (PSD)
Jorge Lacão (PS)
José Manuel Pureza (BE)
Teresa Caeiro (CDS-PP)
| election1 = 23 October 2015
| members = 230
| structure1 = XIII Parliament of Portugal.png
| structure1_res = 260 px
| structure1_alt = Current Structure of the Assembly of the Republic
| political_groups1 = Government (86)
  • {{color box|#FF61EA}} PS (85)
  • {{color box|{{Independent/meta/color}}}} Independent (1)
{{nowrap|Confidence and supply (36)}}
  • {{color box|#870909}} BE (19)
  • {{nowrap|{{color box|#FF0000}} PCP–PEV (17)}}
    • {{nowrap|{{color box|#FF0000}} PCP (15)}}
    • {{color box|#008000}} PEV (2)
Opposition (108)
  • {{nowrap|{{color box|#FF9900}} PSD (89)}}
  • {{nowrap|{{color box|#00DAFF}} CDS-PP (18)}}
  • {{color box|#008080}} PAN (1)

| voting_system1 = Party-list proportional representation
D'Hondt method
Closed list
| last_election1 = 4 October 2015
| next_election1 = 6 October 2019
| meeting_place2 = São Bento Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
| website = Assembleia da República
}}{{Politics of Portugal}}

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, {{IPA-pt|ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ dɐ ʁɛˈpublikɐ|pron}}) is the parliament of the Portuguese Republic. According to the Portuguese Constitution, the unicameral parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens." The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's organs of supreme authority.

It is located in a historical building in Lisbon, referred to as Palácio de São Bento (Palace of Saint Benedict), the site of an old Benedictine monastery. The Palácio de São Bento has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).

Powers and duties of the Assembly

The Assembly of the Republic's powers derives from its power to dismiss a government through a vote of no confidence, to change the country's laws, and to amend the constitution (this one requires a majority of two-thirds). In addition to these key powers, the constitution grants to the Assembly extensive legislative powers and substantial control over the budget, the right to authorize the government to raise taxes and grant loans, the power to ratify treaties and other kinds of international agreements, and the duty to approve or reject decisions by the President of the Republic to declare war and make peace. The assembly also appoints many members of important state institutions, such as ten of the thirteen members of the Constitutional Court and seven of the sixteen members of the Council of State.

The constitution requires the assembly to quickly review and approve an incoming government's program. Parliamentary rules allow the assembly to call for committees of inquiry to examine the government's actions. Political opposition represented in the assembly has the power to review the cabinet's actions, even though it is unlikely that the actions can be reversed. Party groups can also call for interpellations that require debates about specific government policies.

Structure

The assembly consisted at first of 250 members, but the constitutional reforms of 1989 reduced its number to between 180 and 230. Members are elected by popular vote for legislative terms of four years from the country's twenty-two constituencies (eighteen in mainland Portugal corresponding to each district, one for each autonomous regions, Azores (Portuguese: Açores) and Madeira, one for Portuguese living in Europe and a last one for those living in the rest of the world. Except for the constituencies for Portuguese living abroad, which are fixed at two members each, the number of voters registered in a constituency determines the number of its members in the assembly, using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation. Constituencies vary greatly in size; from as large as the district of Lisbon, which returns 47 representatives, to as small as the district of Portalegre, which elects just two.

For the 2015 legislative elections, the MPs distributed by districts were as follows:[1]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 47
Porto 39
Braga 19
Setúbal 18
Aveiro 16
Leiria 10
Coimbra, Faro, Santarém and Viseu 9 each
Madeira and Viana do Castelo 6 each
Azores and Vila Real 5 each
Guarda and Castelo Branco 4 each
Beja, Bragança and Évora 3 each
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe 2 each

According to the constitution, members of the assembly represent the entire country, not the constituency from which they are elected. This directive has been reinforced in practice by the strong role of political parties in regard to members of the assembly. Party leadership, for example, determines in which areas candidates are to run for office, thus often weakening members' ties to their constituencies. Moreover, members of the assembly are expected to vote with their party and to work within parliamentary groups based on party membership. Party discipline is strong, and insubordinate members can be coerced through a variety of means. A further obstacle to members' independence is that their bills first have to be submitted to the parliamentary groups, and it is these groups' leaders who set the assembly's agenda.

The President of the Assembly of the Republic is the second hierarchical figure in the Portuguese state, after the President of the Portuguese Republic, and is elected by secret vote of the members of parliament. The President of the Assembly is aided by four vice-presidents, nominated by the other parties represented in the parliament, and is usually the speaker.{{Original research inline|date=February 2016}} When he is not present, one of the vice-presidents takes the role of speaker. When the President of the Republic is, for any reason, unable to perform to job, the President of the Assembly of the Republic becomes his substitute.

Current composition

{{Party name with colour|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|shortname=Social Democratic Party}}{{Party name with colour|Socialist Party (Portugal)|shortname=Socialist Party}}{{Party name with colour|Left Bloc|shortname=Left Bloc}}{{Party name with colour|CDS – People's Party|shortname=People's Party}}{{Party name with colour|Portuguese Communist Party|shortname=Portuguese Communist Party}}{{Party name with colour|Ecologist Party "The Greens"|shortname=Ecologist Party "The Greens"}}
PartyCaucus leaderSeats%
Fernando Negrão8938.7
Carlos César8537.0
Pedro Filipe Soares198.3
Nuno Magalhães187.8
João Oliveira156.5
Heloísa Apolónia20.9
People-Animals-NatureAndré Silva10.4
Independent10.4
 Total230100.0

Latest election

{{Main article|Portuguese legislative election, 2015}}{{electiontable|Portuguese parliamentary election, 2015|Summary of the 4 October 2015 Assembly of the Republic elections results}}
|-
| colspan=11|
|-		PartiesVotes%±pp swingMPsMPs %/
votes %
|- style="background:#e9e9e9;"		20112015±%±
|-{{Party name with colour|Portugal Ahead|colour=#00aaaa|shortname=Portugal Ahead}} (PSD / CDS–PP){{efn|name=Listas PSD/CDS}}
|1,993,504||36.86||{{decrease}}10.9||124||102||{{decrease}}22||44.35||{{decrease}}10.5||1.20
|-{{Party name with colour|Socialist Party (Portugal)|shortname=Socialist}}
|1,747,730||32.32||{{increase}}4.3||74||86||{{increase}}12||37.39||{{increase}}5.2||1.16
|-{{Party name with colour|Left Bloc|shortname=Left Bloc}}
|550,945||10.19||{{increase}}5.0||8||19||{{increase}}11||8.26||{{increase}}4.8||0.81
|-{{Party name with colour|Unitary Democratic Coalition|shortname=Unitary Democratic Coalition}}
|445,901||8.25||{{increase}}0.4||16||17||{{increase}}1||7.39||{{increase}}0.4||0.90
|-{{Party name with colour|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|shortname=Social Democratic}}{{efn|name=Listas PSD}}
|80,841||1.49||{{N/A}}||7||5||{{decrease}}2||2.17||{{decrease}}0.9||1.45
|-{{Party name with colour|People-Animals-Nature|colour=teal|shortname=People-Animals-Nature}}
|75,170||1.39||{{increase}}0.4||0||1||{{increase}}1||0.43||{{increase}}0.4||0.31
|-{{Party name with colour|Democratic Republican Party (Portugal)|colour=black|shortname=Democratic Republican}}
|61,920||1.13||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat}}
|60,045||1.11||{{decrease}}0.0||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|LIVRE/Tempo de Avançar|colour=darkseagreen|shortname=FREE/Time to move forward}}
|39,330||0.73||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|National Renovator Party}}
|27,286||0.50||{{increase}}0.2||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Earth Party}}
|22,627||0.42||{{increase}}0.0||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|We, the Citizens!|colour=gold|shortname=We, the Citizens!}}
|21,382||0.40||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-
| style="width:10px; background:whitr; text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;" |Labour / Socialist Alternative (ACT!)
|20,793||0.38||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)}}
|14,916||0.28||{{increase}}0.0||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Together for the People|colour=green|shortname=Together for the People}}
|14,275||0.26||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|United Party of Retirees and Pensioners|colour=yellow|shortname=United Party of Retirees and Pensioners}}
|13,899||0.26||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|CDS – People's Party|shortname=People's}}{{efn|name=Listas CDS-M}}
|7,496||0.14||{{N/A}}||1||0||{{decrease}}1||0.00||{{decrease}}0.4||0.0
|-
| style="width:10px; background:whitr; text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;" |People's / People's Monarchist{{efn|name=Listas CDS-A}}
|3,624||0.07||{{N/A}}||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Portugal Pro-Life|colour=#000080|shortname=Christian Democratic and Citizenship}}
|2,685 ||0.05||{{decrease}}0.1||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Portuguese Labour Party|colour=#CC0033|shortname=Labour}}{{efn|name=Listas PTP}}
|1,744||0.03||{{N/A}}||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|- style="background:#e9e9e9;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left; "|Total valid
| style="width:65px; text-align:right; "|5,206,113
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|96.27
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|{{increase}}0.4
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|230
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|230
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|{{steady}}0
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|100.00
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|{{steady}}0.0
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|—
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|112,955||2.09||{{decrease}}0.6||colspan=6 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|89,024||1.65||{{increase}}0.3
|- style="background:#e9e9e9;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left; "|Total (turnout 55.84%)
| style="width:65px; text-align:right; "|5,408,092
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|100.00
| style="width:40px; text-align:right; "|{{decrease}}2.2
|-
| colspan=11 style="text-align:left;" | Source: [https://dre.pt/application/file/70722536 Diário da República - Resultados Oficias]
|}{{bar box
|title=Vote share
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|PàF|#00aaaa|36.86}}{{bar percent|PS|{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}|32.32}}{{bar percent|BE|{{Left Bloc/meta/color}}|10.19}}{{bar percent|CDU|{{Portuguese Communist Party/meta/color}}|8.25}}{{bar percent|PSD|{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}|1.49}}{{bar percent|PAN|teal|1.39}}{{bar percent|PDR|black|1.13}}{{bar percent|PCTP/MRPP|{{Portuguese Workers' Communist Party/meta/color}}|1.11}}{{bar percent|L/TDA|darkseagreen|0.73}}{{bar percent|PNR|{{National Renovator Party/meta/color}}|0.50}}{{bar percent|Others|#777777|2.29}}{{bar percent|Blank/Invalid|#DDDDDD|3.74}}
}}

Distribution by constituency

{{electiontable|Portuguese parliamentary election, 2015 by constituency|Results of the 2015 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
by constituency|sortable=yes}}
|- class="unsortable"		Constituency%S%S%S%S%S%STotal
S
|- class="unsortable" style="text-align:center;"		PàFPSBECDUPSDPAN
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Azores
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#AAAAAA"|
| style="background:{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|40.3
| 3
| 7.8
| -
| 2.5
| -
| 36.1
| 2
| 0.9
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Aveiro
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|48.1
| 10
| 27.9
| 5
| 9.6
| 1
| 4.4
| -
|colspan="2" rowspan="11" bgcolor="#AAAAAA"|
| 1.0
| -
| 16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Beja
| 20.1
| 1
| style="background:{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|37.3
| 1
| 8.2
| -
| 25.0
| 1
| 0.8
| -
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Braga
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|45.6
| 10
| 30.9
| 7
| 8.8
| 1
| 5.2
| 1
| 0.8
| -
| 19
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Bragança
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|49.4
| 2
| 34.1
| 1
| 5.5
| -
| 3.1
| -
| 0.6
| -
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Castelo Branco
| 35.3
| 2
| style="background:{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|38.9
| 2
| 10.0
| -
| 6.0
| -
| 0.8
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Coimbra
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|37.2
| 4
| 35.3
| 4
| 9.9
| 1
| 7.0
| -
| 1.0
| -
| 9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | EvoraÉvora
| 23.9
| 1
| style="background:{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|37.5
| 1
| 8.6
| -
| 21.9
| 1
| 0.9
| -
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Faro
| 31.5
| 3
| style="background:{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|32.8
| 4
| 14.1
| 1
| 8.7
| 1
| 2.0
| -
| 9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Guarda
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|45.6
| 2
| 33.8
| 2
| 7.4
| -
| 4.0
| -
| 0.9
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Leiria
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|48.4
| 6
| 24.8
| 3
| 9.7
| 1
| 5.1
| -
| 1.2
| -
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Lisbon
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|34.7
| 18
| 33.5
| 18
| 10.9
| 5
| 9.8
| 5
| 2.0
| 1
| 47
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Madeira
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#AAAAAA"|
| 20.9
| 2
| 10.7
| 1
| 3.6
| -
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|37.8
| 3
| 1.8
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Portalegre
| 27.6
| 1
| style="background:{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|42.4
| 1
| 9.2
| -
| 12.2
| -
| colspan="2" rowspan="9" bgcolor="#AAAAAA"|
| 0.8
| -
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Porto
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|39.6
| 17
| 32.7
| 14
| 11.1
| 5
| 6.8
| 3
| 1.6
| -
| 39
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Santarém
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|35.8
| 4
| 32.9
| 3
| 10.8
| 1
| 9.6
| 1
| 1.2
| -
| 9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Setúbal
| 22.6
| 5
| style="background:{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|34.3
| 7
| 13.1
| 2
| 18.8
| 4
| 1.9
| -
| 18
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viana do Castelo
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|45.5
| 4
| 29.8
| 2
| 8.0
| -
| 5.2
| -
| 0.9
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Vila Real
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|51.0
| 3
| 33.1
| 2
| 5.2
| -
| 3.0
| -
| 0.6
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viseu
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|51.1
| 6
| 29.7
| 3
| 6.7
| -
| 3.5
| -
| 0.7
| -
| 9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Europe
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|39.1
| 1
| 29.9
| 1
| 5.8
| -
| 5.9
| -
| 0.9
| -
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Rest of the World
|style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|48.5
|2
| 10.8
| -
| 1.6
| -
| 1.5
| -
| 1.8
| -
| 2
|- class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9"
| style="text-align:left;" | Total
| style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;"|36.9
| 102
| 32.3
| 86
| 10.2
| 19
| 8.3
| 17
| 1.5
| 5
| 1.4
| 1
| 230
|-
| colspan=14 style="text-align:left;" | Source: Legislativas 2015
|}

Composition of the Assembly of the Republic since 1975

Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic

{{main article|List of Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)}}

Members

{{Lists of Portuguese Parliament members}}

See also

  • São Bento Palace
  • ARtv (Portugal)

Notes

{{notes
| refs ={{efn
| name = Listas PSD/CDS
| Electoral lists only in continental Portugal.
}}{{efn
| name = Listas PSD
| Electoral list only in Madeira and Azores.
}}{{efn
| name = Listas CDS-M
| Electoral list only in Madeira.
}}{{efn
| name = Listas CDS-A
| Electoral list only in Azores.
}}{{efn
| name = Listas PTP
| Electoral list only in Madeira.
}}
}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/ar-2015_mapa_deputados_dr.pdf|title=Mapa Oficial nº 2-A 2015|publisher=CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições - Diário da República, 1.a série—N.o 154-10 de agosto de 2015|access-date=20 January 2016}}

External links

{{commonscat|Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)}}
  • {{Official website|http://www.assembleiadarepublica.pt}}
{{Portugal topics}}{{Europe topic|Parliament of}}{{National unicameral legislatures}}{{Authority control}}

5 : Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Parliaments by country|Government of Portugal|Unicameral legislatures|National legislatures

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