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词条 Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol
释义

  1. Background

  2. Catalan National Assembly

  3. Imprisonment

      Reactions  

  4. References

{{short description|Catalan political activist}}{{catalan name|Sànchez|Picanyol}}{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Jordi Sánchez (cropped).jpg
| caption = Jordi Sànchez in 2017
| office2 = Member of the Parliament of Catalonia
for the Province of Barcelona
| term_start2 = 17 January 2018
| term_end2 = 10 July 2018 {{small|(suspended)}}
| office = President of the Catalan National Assembly
| term_start = 2015
| term_end = 2017
| predecessor = Carme Forcadell
| successor = Elisenda Paluzie
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|10|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
|nationality = Spanish
| occupation = Political activist
| known_for = President of the Catalan National Assembly
| alma_mater = Autonomous University of Barcelona
}}Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol (born 1 October 1964, Barcelona) is a Spanish political activist from Catalonia, who was president of the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) between May 2015 and November 2017.[1][1]

He was imprisoned in October 2017, accused of sedition in connection with the Catalan independence referendum.[2] In March 2018, following the Catalan regional election in December, he was proposed as candidate for president by the leading pro-independence Junts per Catalunya party, led by the former president Carles Puigdemont, who was in Belgium.[3] On July 10, 2018 a Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament.[4]

During December 2018 he went on a hunger strike in protest against his imprisonment and treatment.[5]

Background

In 1991, he received a degree in Political Science from the Autonomous University of Barcelona. A part-time instructor at the University of Barcelona, he has also taught at other universities.[6][7]

He was the leader and spokesperson, with Àngel Colom, of the Crida a la Solidaritat (Call for Solidarity)[8] from 1983 until its dissolution in June 1993. Linked for many years to Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds, between 1996 and 2004 he was a board member of the Catalan Corporation for Public Broadcasting. In 1996 he was named assistant director of the Jaume Bofill Foundation, and then its director in 2001. He left the foundation in 2010 to take on a position as aide to the Ombudsman of Catalonia, Rafael Ribó, ex-leader of the ICV eco-socialists.[9]

In addition to contributing periodically as an analyst of social and political issues in various media, between 2004 and 2006 he coordinated the creation of one of the five areas of the Pacte Nacional per l'Educació (National Education Accord), specifically the one that laid out the foundations for a public education system. In 2008, he was the coordinator of one of the four areas of the Pacte Nacional per a la Immigració (National Immigration Accord), in particular the part that addressed the need to adapt social services.[10]

Catalan National Assembly

On 16 May 2015, Jordi Sànchez took over the presidency of the ANC from Carme Forcadell, after having been elected by a broad majority of the members of the group's National Board, meeting in Sant Vicenç Hall in the castle at Cardona despite the fact that the candidate who received the most votes from the organization's members was the US-born publisher and writer, Liz Castro.[8] Nevertheless, Sànchez was considered a consensus candidate, and had been supported by the outgoing Executive board.[8]

Imprisonment

{{main|Operation Anubis|Trial of Catalonia independence leaders}}

On 16 October 2017, Jordi Sànchez and Jordi Cuixart were preventively jailed after the state attorney's accusation of sedition, a felony regulated by the article 544 and subsequents of the Spanish Criminal Code.[2][11][12]

This sedition was allegedly committed when they organized massive protests on 20 September 2017 during Operation Anubis police raids to dismantle the framework of the 1 October Catalan independence referendum performed by the Spanish Civil Guard.[13][14][15][16] They were accused of leading the protest of tens of thousands of people that surrounded the Catalan economy department heeding a call made by Òmnium Cultural and ANC.[2] The investigating judge stated that the leaders did not call for "peaceful demonstration but to the protection of Catalan officials through 'massive citizens' mobilisations"[17] and that Sànchez, on top of a vehicle, encouraged the demonstrators with expressions such as "no one goes home, it will be a long and intense night".[18] The autonomous police force of Catalonia, Mossos d'Esquadra, recognized that the situation was dangerous.[19] Footage from that night shows Cuixart and Sànchez at 11pm calling off the protests, contradicting the part where the judicial order imprisoning them says that "they did not use at any time the control they had over the people to call off the demonstration they had summoned".[20][21]

A sentence of sedition can carry up to 15 years in prison.[22][23] In July 2018, he was transferred to a prison in Catalonia.[24] Between December 1 and December 20, 2018, Sànchez started a hunger strike in order to 'raise awareness' of unfair treatment by Spain and to denounce Spanish courts' refusal to process numerous appeals in relation to their cases.[25][26] On February 1st, 2019, he was transferred back to a prison in Madrid, expecting trial will start on February the 12th.[27]

Reactions

After his detention, activists launched a “yellow-ribbon” campaign in support of Jordi Sànchez and other Catalan activists and leaders who are being prosecuted by Spanish justice.[28]

Catalan ex-President Carles Puigdemont and the European Free Alliance referred to Sànchez and Cuixart as "political prisoners".[29][30] The Spanish Justice Minister Rafael Catalá argued that they were not "political prisoners" but "imprisoned politicians".[31]

Amnesty International issued an official statement considering the charge of sedition and the preventive imprisonment "excessive" and called for their immediate release.

{{Quote
|text=Amnesty International calls on Spanish authorities to drop the charges of sedition and to put an immediate end to their pre-trial detention.
|author=Amnesty International
}}

Amnesty International does not consider them "prisoners of conscience". Amnesty International avoids the term "political prisoners" because there is no generally accepted definition of the term in international law and because generally speaking the term has many different meanings and interpretations. The term "political prisoners" is only used sporadically by the organisation as a descriptive term in specific cases with a strong political context. Amnesty explicitly avoids the term in cases where it might be confused with the term "prisoner of conscience". The organisation says the two terms should not be confused.[32][33][34]

On 19 October, 200,000 people with candles gathered in Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona and on 21 October, 450,000 joined in Passeig de Gràcia to protest against their imprisonment.[35][36]

Another demonstration took place on 11 November, after the imprisonment of some members of the Catalan government, and congregated 750,000 people according to the local police.[37][38][39]

On 7 March 2018, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reminded Spanish authorities that "pre-trial detention should be considered a measure of last resort" referring to Catalan politicians and activists arrested after the independence referendum.[40] And on 23 March it reminded "Under rule 92 of the Committee's rules of procedure, the State party has also been requested to take all necessary measures to ensure that Mr. Jordi Sánchez I Picanyol can exercise his political rights in compliance with article 25 of the Covenant.".[41]

On 8 August 2018, PEN International made another statement asking Spanish authorities to release Cuixart and Sànchez and considered their detentions to be "an excessive and disproportionate restriction on their right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly".[42][43]

The World Organisation Against Torture sent an open letter to the President of the Government of Spain Pedro Sánchez as well as the Spanish Attorney General and Spanish Ombudsman on 22 November 2018 demanding the end of the "arbitrary pre-trial detention and judicial harassment of Jordi Sànchez and Jordi Cuixart" and concluded "OMCT considers that the charges against them are unfounded and must therefore be dropped."[44] In December 2018, the International Association of Democratic Lawyers issued a statement requesting the release of 'Catalan political prisoners'.[45]

The day before the beginning of the trial, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization expressed their support to "those Catalonian activists being trialled" and added "perhaps one of the biggest deficit of justice and deliberate confusion between law and justice, is seen in Catalonia.".[46] On the same day, the European Democratic Lawyers association requested the "immediate" release of the Catalan leaders and expressed their "concern" because of the "lack of procedural guarantees during the trial".[47]

{{Clear}}

References

1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/Jordi-Sanchez-Barcelona-Junts-Catalunya_0_1907209381.html|title=Sànchez deixa l’ANC per ser el 2 de Puigdemont|last=Moldes|first=Aleix|date=16 November 2017|work=Diari Ara|access-date=13 November 2018|language=ca}}
2. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/10/18/inenglish/1508325235_772160.html|title=The "Jordis" are not political prisoners – here’s why|work=El País|access-date=2017-10-19}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/02/590196687/from-exile-puigdemont-abandons-pursuit-of-catalonian-presidency|title=From Exile, Puigdemont Abandons Pursuit Of Catalonian Presidency|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-03-02|language=en}}
4. ^[https://elpais.com/politica/2018/07/10/actualidad/1531222075_746937.html Llarena cierra el sumario del ‘procés’ y suspende como diputados a Puigdemont y Junqueras] Published by El País, July 10, 2018, retrieved July 10, 2018
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/jailed-catalan-leaders-end-hunger-strike,%20http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/jailed-catalan-leaders-end-hunger-strike|title=Jailed Catalan leaders end hunger strike|last=Bathgate|first=Rachel|website=www.catalannews.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-02-03}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sindic.cat/ca/page.asp?id=53&ui=2697|title=Jordi Sànchez i Maria Jesús Larios, nous adjunts al Síndic|website=Síndic de Greuges|publisher=Catalonia's Ombudsman|language=Catalan|accessdate=19 July 2015}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://catalanassembly.org/anc-press-release-22-june/|title=ANC Press Release (22 June)|last=|first=|date=22 June 2015|website=Assemblea Nacional Catalana|publisher=|accessdate=July 19, 2015}}{{dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Maiol|first1=Roger|title=Jordi Sànchez, nuevo presidente de la ANC|url=http://ccaa.elpais.com/ccaa/2015/05/16/catalunya/1431776228_237452.html|accessdate=19 July 2015|publisher=El País|location=Barcelona|language=Spanish}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.ccma.cat/324/qui-es-jordi-sanchez-nou-president-de-lanc/noticia/2665426/|title = Qui és Jordi Sànchez, nou president de l'ANC|last = |first = |date = 16 May 2015|work = 324.cat|access-date = 19 July 2015|via = |publisher = 325.cat}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2015/05/16/555738aee2704e197b8b4573.html|title = Jordi Sánchez releva a Carme Forcadell al frente de la ANC|last = |first = |date = 16 May 2015|work = |access-date = 19 July 2015|via = |publisher = Agencia EFE}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20171017/delito-sedicion-que-es-codigo-penal-6344514|title=¿Qué es el delito de sedición? Así lo regula el Código Penal|date=17 October 2017|publisher=El Periódico|access-date=27 October 2017|language=es}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Penal/lo10-1995.l2t22.html|title=Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal|access-date=27 October 2017|language=es|quote=Article 544. Seditionists are those who, without being included in the crime of rebellion, rise publicly and tumultually to prevent, by force or outside legal channels, the application of the Laws or any authority, official corporation or public official, the legitimate exercise of their functions or compliance with their agreements, or administrative or judicial decisions. Article 545. 1. Those who have induced, sustained or directed the sedition or appear in it as its principal authors, shall be punished with imprisonment from eight to ten years, and from ten to fifteen years, if they were persons constituted in authority. In both cases, absolute disqualification will also be imposed for the same time.}}
13. ^{{cite news|last=Fotheringham|first=Alasdair|date=16 October 2017|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-independence-leaders-jailed-spain-judge-sedition-jordi-sanchez-jordi-cuixart-latest-news-a8004001.html|title=Catalonia: Spanish judge jails two independence leaders for possible sedition|work=The Independent|quote=An ongoing legal investigation claims Jordi Sanchez and Jordi Cuixart, the leader of the ANC movement, and Mr Cuixart, who heads the Omnium Cultural association, were heavily involved in organising a massive protest aimed at hindering a Guardia Civil investigation in Barcelona into the build-up for the 1 October illegal referendum.}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2017/09/20/59c2032446163f2b338b459a.html|title=La Guardia Civil cercena el 1-O|date=20 September 2017|publisher=El Mundo|accessdate=18 October 2017|language=es}}
15. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/17/madrid-jails-catalan-separatist-leaders-jordi-cuixart-and-jordi-sanchez-pending-investigation|title=Spain High Court jails Catalan separatist leaders pending investigation|date=17 October 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-17-3626_en.htm|title=European Commission - Press release - Statement on the events in Catalonia|last=|first=|date=2 October 2017|website=europa.eu}}
17. ^{{cite news |last= Stone |first= Jon |date= 20 September 2017 |title= Spanish police storm Catalan government buildings to stop independence referendum |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-independence-referendum-catalan-police-storm-ministries-arrested-josep-maria-jov-a7956581.html |work= Independent |location= Europe correspondent |access-date= 25 October 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/tribunales/20171016/254725689_0.html|title=Los 'Jordis' a prisión por "alentar a la masa" contra la Guardia Civil el 20-S|date=16 October 2017|publisher=El Español|access-date=25 October 2017|language=es}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-mossos-reconocen-20-hubo-riesgo-ello-secretaria-judicial-salio-azotea-20180227170710.html|title=Mossos reconocen que el 20-S hubo riesgo y por ello la secretaria judicial salió por azotea|last=|first=|date=27 February 2018|work=Europa Press|access-date=3 July 2018|language=es}}
20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20171017/432142495111/video-jordi-cuixart-jordi-sanchez-disolver-manifestacion-economia.html|title=Un vídeo muestra cómo Cuixart y Sànchez intentaron disolver la manifestación de Economia|work=La Vanguardia|access-date=2017-10-18}}
21. ^{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=do5KQV5Qgow|title=20-S|date=11 July 2018|last=Roures|first=Jaume|type=Television production|publisher=Mediapro|access-date=3 July 2018}}
22. ^{{cite news |last= Strange|first= Hannah |date= 16 October 2017|title= Two Catalan independence leaders taken into custody by Spanish national court |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/16/two-catalan-independence-leaders-taken-custody-spanish-government/ |work= The Telegraph |location= Barcelona |access-date= 16 October 2017}}
23. ^{{cite news |last= Powell |first= Tom |date= 16 October 2017 |title= Spanish judge jails two Catalan separatist leaders during sedition investigation |url= https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/spanish-judge-jails-two-catalan-separatist-leaders-for-possible-sedition-a3660221.html |work= Evening Standard |access-date= 16 October 2017}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20180704/45643953276/junqueras-romeva-sanchez-cuixart-prision-lledoners.html|title=Seis de los presos catalanes ingresan en las cárceles de Lledoners y Puig de les Basses|work=La Vanguardia|access-date=2018-08-14}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-politics-catalonia/jailed-catalan-separatist-leaders-start-hunger-strike-idUSKCN1O039L|title=Jailed Catalan separatist leaders start hunger strike|last=|first=|date=December 1, 2018|work=Reuters|access-date=December 1, 2018}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/jailed-catalan-separatist-leaders-hunger-strike-181201134754967.html|title=Two jailed Catalan separatist leaders begin hunger strike|last=|first=|date=December 1, 2018|work=Al-Jazeera|access-date=December 1, 2018}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/02/01/inenglish/1549019566_593245.html|title=Catalan independence leaders moved to Madrid jails ahead of trial|last=Congostrina|first=Alfonso L.|date=2019-02-01|work=El País|access-date=2019-02-02|language=en|issn=1134-6582}}
28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/03/the-guardian-view-on-the-catalonia-election-the-challenge-of-compromise|title=The Guardian view on the Catalonia election: the challenge of compromise {{!}} Editorial|last=Editorial|date=2017-12-03|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-08-14}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/we-have-political-prisoners-again-says-catalan-president|title="We have political prisoners again," says Catalan president|work=CatalanNews|access-date=2017-10-17}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.e-f-a.org/services/news-single-view/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1088&cHash=73d007beece71f2c330e832442bff1ed|title=EU's latest political prisoners|work=European Free Alliance|access-date=2017-10-21}}
31. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-18/political-prisoner-or-jailed-politician-it-s-catalan-feud-spin|title=Political Prisoner or Jailed Politician? It’s Catalans’ Spin Battle With Spain|date=18 October 2017|accessdate=28 October 2017}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur41/7308/2017/en/|title=Spain: charges for sedition and pre-trial detention against Jordi Cuixart and Jordi Sanchez are excessive|work=Amnesty International|access-date=2017-10-18}}
33. ^{{cite news |title=Amnistía no ve como presos políticos a los dirigentes catalanes detenidos |url= http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2017/11/08/5a033877e5fdea2e408b45d0.html|work= El Mundo|date= 8 November 2017|access-date= 8 November 2017 }}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty-international.be/nieuws/spanje-recente-ontwikkelingen-in-catalonie|title=Spanje: recente ontwikkelingen in Catalonië|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=28 March 2018}}
35. ^{{cite news |title=200.000 persones, segons la Guàrdia Urbana, omplen d’espelmes la Diagonal contra l’empresonament de Sànchez i Cuixart |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/200-000-persones-segons-la-guardia-urbana-omplen-despelmes-la-diagonal-contra-lempresonament-de-sanchez-i-cuixart/ |work=VilaWeb |date=2017-10-24 |access-date=2018-01-14 |language=ca }}
36. ^{{cite news |title=Barcelona crida per la llibertat dels presos i de les institucions |url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/Milers-Gracia-Jordi-Sanchez-Cuixart_0_1891611056.html |work=Ara.cat |access-date=2018-01-14 |language=ca }}
37. ^{{cite news |title=Unos 750.000 manifestantes en Barcelona según la Guardia Urbana |url=http://eldia.es/nacional/2017-11-11/24-manifestantes-Barcelona-Guardia-Urbana.htm |work=eldia.es |date=2017-11-11 |access-date=2018-01-14 |language=es }}
38. ^{{cite news |title=Mass protest in Barcelona demands freedom for Catalan leaders |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/167139-mass-protest-in-barcelona-demands-freedom-for-catalan-leaders |work= geo.tv |date=2017-11-11 |access-date=2018-01-14 }}
39. ^{{cite news |title= Spain Catalonia: Barcelona rally urges prisoners' release |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41956909 |work= BBC |date= 2017-11-11 |access-date=2018-01-14 }}
40. ^{{cite news |title=High Commissioner’s global update of human rights concerns |url=http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22772&LangID=E |work=OHCHR |date=2018-03-07 |access-date=2018-03-08 }}
41. ^{{cite news |title=L'ONU insta l'estat espanyol a garantir els drets polítics de Jordi Sànchez |url=http://www.ccma.cat/324/lonu-insta-lestat-espanyol-a-garantir-els-drets-politics-de-jordi-sanchez/noticia/2846339/ |work=CCMA |date=2018-03-25 |access-date=2018-03-25 |language=ca }}
42. ^{{Cite news|url=https://pen-international.org/news/statement-following-pen-internationals-visit-to-imprisoned-catalan-civil-society-leaders|title=Statement following PEN International’s visit to imprisoned Catalan civil society leaders|last=|first=|date=8 August 2018|work=PEN International|access-date=9 August 2018}}
43. ^{{Cite news|url=https://elmon.cat/politica/pen-internacional-diu-que-lempresonament-cuixart-sanchez-excessiu-desproporcionat|title=El PEN Internacional diu que l'empresonament de Cuixart i Sánchez és "excessiu"|last=|first=|date=9 August 2018|work=El Món|access-date=9 August 2018|language=ca}}
44. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.omct.org/monitoring-protection-mechanisms/urgent-interventions/spain/2018/11/d25127/|title=Spain: Open Letter: End the arbitrary pre-trial detention of social leader Mr. Jordi Cuixart|last=|first=|date=22 November 2018|work=World Organisation Against Torture|access-date=22 November 2018|publication-place=Geneva}}
45. ^{{Cite web|url=http://iadllaw.org/2018/12/iadl-calls-for-release-of-catalan-political-prisoners/|title=IADL calls for release of Catalan political prisoners|last=|first=|date=3 December 2018|website=International Association of Democratic Lawyers|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=30 December 2018}}
46. ^{{Cite news|url=https://unpo.org/article/21373|title=UNPO Celebrates its 28th Anniversary|last=|first=|date=11 February 2019|work=UNPO|access-date=12 February 2019}}
47. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ara.cat/judici-presos-politics-1-octubre/associacio-Advocats-Europeus-Democrates-alliberament_0_2178382344.html|title=L'associació Advocats Europeus Demòcrates demana l’alliberament immediat dels presos polítics|last=|first=|date=11 February 2019|work=Diari Ara|access-date=12 February 2019|language=ca}}
{{Catalan nationalism}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanchez i Picanyol, Jordi}}

9 : 1964 births|Catalan independence movement|Catalan politicians|Catalan prisoners and detainees|Living people|Members of the 12th Parliament of Catalonia|People from Barcelona|Prisoners and detainees of Spain|Autonomous University of Barcelona alumni
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