请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Politics of Berlin
释义

  1. Capital city

     Ministries 

  2. City-state

     2016 Election  Boroughs  Sister cities 

  3. Security

     Berlin Police  Federal Police 

  4. See also

  5. References

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}{{anchor|Overview}}

Berlin is a city-state and the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. The President of Germany, whose functions are primarily ceremonial under the German constitution, has his official residence in Schloss Bellevue.[1] Berlin is the seat of the German executive, housed in the Chancellery (the Bundeskanzleramt). Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government's move to Berlin in 1998. The Bundesrat ("federal council", functioning as an upper house) represents the Federal States (Bundesländer) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian House of Lords.

Capital city

Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. The President of Germany, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the German constitution, has his official residence in Schloss Bellevue.[1] Berlin is the seat of the German executive, housed in the Chancellery, the Bundeskanzleramt.

Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government moved back to Berlin in 1998. The Bundesrat ("federal council", performing the function of an upper house) is the representation of the Federal States (Bundesländer) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian House of Lords.

Ministries

The relocation of the federal government and Bundestag to Berlin was completed in 1999, however with some ministries as well as some minor departments retained in the federal city Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. Discussions to move the remaining branches continue.[2] The ministries and departments of Defence, Justice and Consumer Protection, Finance, Interior, Foreign, Economic Affairs and Energy, Labour and Social Affairs

, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Food and Agriculture, Economic Cooperation and Development, Health, Transport and Digital Infrastructure and Education and Research are based in the capital.

City-state

Since German reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of three city-states (with Hamburg and Bremen) among Germany's 16 states. The city and state parliament is the House of Representatives, (Abgeordnetenhaus), with 141 seats. Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin). The Senate consists of the Governing Mayor (Regierender Bürgermeister) and up to eight senators with ministerial positions (one holding the official title "Mayor" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor). The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election, winning another term in the 2006 state election.[3] The 2011 state election produced a coalition of the Social Democratic Party and the Christian Democratic Union.

The Governing Mayor is Lord Mayor of the city (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and Prime Minister of the federal state (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes). The office of Berlin's Governing Mayor is in the Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall). From 2001 to 2014, this office was held by Klaus Wowereit of the SPD.[4] It is currently held by Michael Müller, also of the SPD.

The total annual state budget of Berlin in 2007 exceeded €20.5 ($28.7) billion, which included a budget surplus of €80 ($112) million (the first surplus in the city-state's history).[5] Due to increasing growth rates and tax revenues, the Senate of Berlin calculated an increasing budget surplus for 2008. The total budget was an estimated amount €5.5 ($7.7) billion, financed by the German government or the German Bundesländer.[6] Primarily due to reunification-related expenditures, Berlin as a German state accumulated more debt than any other city in Germany (an estimated €60 ($84) billion in December 2007).[7]

2016 Election

{{electiontable|Berlin state election, 2016|Summary of the 18 September 2016 Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin elections results}}
< 2011    Next >
|-		PartyPopular voteSeats
|-		Votes%+/–Seats+/–
|-{{Party name with colour|Social Democratic Party of Germany|shortname=Social Democratic Party of Germany}}
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands – SPD|| 352,369 || 21.6 || {{decrease}}6.7 || 38 || {{decrease}}10
|-{{Party name with colour|Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|shortname=Christian Democratic Union|colour=#000000}}
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands – CDU|| 288,002 || 17.6 || {{decrease}}5.8 || 31 || {{decrease}}8
|-{{Party name with colour|The Left (Germany)|shortname=The Left}}
Die Linke|| 255,740 || 15.6 || {{increase}}4.0 || 27 || {{increase}}7
|-{{Party name with colour|Alliance '90/The Greens|shortname=Alliance '90/The Greens}}
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|| 248,243 || 15.2 || {{decrease}}2.4 || 27 || {{decrease}}3
|-{{Party name with colour|Alternative for Germany|shortname=Alternative for Germany}}
Alternative für Deutschland – AfD|| 231,325 || 14.2 || {{increase}}14.2 || 25 || {{increase}}25
|-{{Party name with colour|Free Democratic Party (Germany)|shortname=Free Democratic Party}}
Freie Demokratische Partei – FDP|| 109,431 || 6.7 || {{increase}}4.9 || 12 || {{increase}}12
|-{{Party name with colour|Die PARTEI|shortname=Die PARTEI}} || 31,908 || 2.0 || {{increase}}1.1 || – || –
|-{{Party name with colour|Human Environment Animal Protection|shortname=Animal Protection Party}} || 30,565 || 1.9 || {{increase}}0.4 || – || –
|-{{Party name with colour|Pirate Party Germany|shortname=Pirate Party}} || 28,321 || 1.7 || {{decrease}}7.2 || – || {{decrease}}15
|-
| || align=left | {{Interlanguage link multi|Graue Panther|de}} || 18,135 || 1.1 || {{increase}}1.1 || – || –
|-
| bgcolor="white"| || align=left |Other parties|| 40,717 || 2.4 || –|| – || –
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| align="right" colspan="2" | Valid votes
| 1,634,756
| 98.5%
| {{increase}}0.1
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 color=#BAB9B9|
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| align="right" colspan="2" | Invalid votes
| 25,690
| 1.5%
| {{decrease}}0.1
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| align="right" colspan="2" | Totals and voter turnout
| 1,662,598
| 66.9%
| {{increase}}6.7
| 160
| {{steady}}
|- style="background-color:#BAB9B9"
| colspan="2" | Electorate
| 2,485,363
| 100.00
| —
| colspan=2|
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source:[8]
|}

Boroughs

{{Main|Boroughs and localities of Berlin}}

Berlin is divided into twelve boroughs (Bezirke), reduced from 23 boroughs before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. Each borough has a number of localities (Ortsteile), which often have historic roots in older municipalities predating the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920 and were urbanised and incorporated into the city. Many residents strongly identify with their localities (or boroughs). Berlin has 96 localities, commonly made up of several city neighbourhoods (known as Kiez in the Berlin dialect).

Each borough is governed by a council (Bezirksamt) with five councillors (Bezirksstadträte) and a borough mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). The borough council is elected by the borough assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). The boroughs of Berlin are not independent municipalities; the borough governments' power is limited, and subordinate to the Berlin Senate. The borough mayors form a council of mayors (Rat der Bürgermeister, led by the city's governing mayor), which advises the Senate. The localities have no local government bodies, and the administrative duties of the former locality representative (the Ortsvorsteher) were assumed by the borough mayors.

Sister cities

Berlin maintains official partnerships with 17 cities.[9] Town twinning between Berlin and other cities began with Los Angeles in 1967. East Berlin's partnerships were cancelled at German reunification, but later partially reestablished. West Berlin's partnerships were limited to the borough level. During the Cold War the partnerships reflected spheres of influence, with West Berlin partnering with Western capitals and East Berlin partnering primarily with cities of the Warsaw Pact and its allies.

There are joint projects with a number of other cities, such as Belgrade, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Johannesburg, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney and Vienna. Berlin participates in international city associations such as the Union of the Capitals of the European Union, Eurocities, Network of European Cities of Culture, Metropolis, Summit Conference of the World's Major Cities, Conference of the World's Capital Cities. Its sister cities are:[9]

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • 1967 Los Angeles, United States
  • 1987 Paris, France
  • 1988 Madrid, Spain
  • 1989 Vienna, Austria
  • 1989 Istanbul, Turkey
  • 1991 Warsaw, Poland[10]
  • 1991 Moscow, Russia
  • 1991 Budapest, Hungary
  • 1992 Brussels, Belgium
  • 1993 Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 1993 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  • 1993 Mexico City, Mexico
  • 1993 Bern, Switzerland
  • 1994 Beijing, China
  • 1994 Tokyo, Japan
  • 1994 Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 1995 Prague, Czech Republic
  • 2000 Vaduz, Liechtenstein
  • 2000 Windhoek, Namibia
  • 2000 London, United Kingdom
{{div col end}}

Security

Berlin Police

{{Main|Berlin Police}}

The Berlin Police (Der Polizeipräsident in Berlin' - The Police Chief of Berlin), or commonly Berliner Polizei is the German Landespolizei force for the city-state of Berlin. Law enforcement in Germany is divided between federal and state (Land) agencies. Berlin Police is divided into 6 local directorates (Direktion). Each local directorate is responsible for one to three Berliner districts:

  • Direktion 1: Reinickendorf, Pankow[11]
  • Direktion 2: Spandau, Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf[12]
  • Direktion 3: Mitte[13]
  • Direktion 4: Tempelhof-Schöneberg, Steglitz-Zehlendorf[14]
  • Direktion 5: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Neukölln[15]
  • Direktion 6: Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Treptow-Köpenick, Lichtenberg[16]

Federal Police

{{Main|Federal Police (Germany)}}

The Federal Police (Bundespolizei or BPOL) is a (primarily) uniformed federal police force in Berlin and Germany. It is subordinate to the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Bundesministerium des Innern (BMI)).[17]

The Bundespolizei can also be used to reinforce state police if requested by a state (Land) government. The BPOL maintains these reserve forces to deal with major demonstrations, disturbances or emergencies, supplementing the capabilities of the State Operational Support Units. Several highly trained detachments are available for crisis situations requiring armored cars, water cannon or other special equipment.

BPOL has investigators conduct criminal investigations only within its jurisdiction; otherwise the cases are referred to the appropriate state police force or to the federal criminal investigative agency, the Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt, BKA). In addition, the Bundespolizei cooperates closely with German state executive authorities, such as prosecutor's offices (Staatsanwaltschaft) in pursuing criminal investigations.

The Bundespolizei has the following missions:

  • Border security (Grenzpolizei or Grepo), to include passport control
  • Protection of federal buildings such as Schloss Bellevue, the residence of the German Bundespräsident.
  • Providing the federal government's mobile response force for internal security events.
  • Providing transportation security at international airports and on the German railways.
  • Providing counter-terrorism forces (GSG 9).
  • Providing air (or sky) marshals.
  • Supporting international police missions for the United Nations and the EU
  • Providing in-house security for some German embassies.
  • Providing rescue helicopter service.

See also

{{Portal|Berlin|Germany|European Union}}
  • List of people from Berlin
  • Politics of Germany
  • European Union

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bundespraesident.de/DE/Home/home_node.html |title=Bundespräsident Horst Köhler |language=de |publisher=Bundespraesident.de |date= |accessdate=7 April 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/der-regierungsumzug-ist-ueberfaellig,10810590,10751012.html |title=Der Regierungsumzug ist überfällig|work= Berliner Zeitung|language=de|date=26 October 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statistik-berlin.de/produkte/Faltblatt_Brochure/berlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf|title=Berlin state election, 2006|work=Der Landeswahlleiter für Berlin|accessdate=17 August 2008|language=German}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2051103,00.html|title=The Glamor Guy|work=Time Europe|date=8 May 2005|accessdate=17 August 2008}} See also: {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/23/world/europe/23wowereit.html?ex=1161489600&en=2129daf9965bf613&ei=5070|title=Berlin Mayor, Symbol of Openness, Has National Appeal|work=The New York Times|accessdate=17 August 2008|first=Mark|last=Landler|date=23 September 2006}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/0,1518,527721,00.html |title=Berlin schafft erstes Etatplus seit dem Krieg |publisher=Spiegel.de |date= |accessdate=7 April 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article199345/Sarrazin_Keine_neuen_Schulden_mehr_ab_2008.htm|title=Sarrazin: Keine neuen Schulden mehr ab 2008|first=Joachim|last=Fahrun|work=Berliner Morgenpost|date=10 June 2008|accessdate=17 August 2008}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1983556,00.html|title=Debt-Laden Berlin Goes to Court For Federal Aid|work=Deutsche Welle|date=29 April 2006|accessdate=20 October 2006}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=Vorläufiges Ergebnis Berlin Wahl zum Landtag von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern am 18. September 2016 |url=http://www.wahlrecht.de/news/2016/abgeordnetenhauswahl-berlin-2016.html |date=18 September 2016 |accessdate=18 September 2016 |language=de}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.de.html|title=Berlin's international city relations|work=Berlin Mayor's Office|accessdate=22 August 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908235902/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.de.html|archivedate=8 September 2010|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.um.warszawa.pl/node/2920?page=0,0|title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy|work=um.warszawa.pl|publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta|date=4 May 2005|accessdate=29 August 2008}}
11. ^{{de icon}} Polizeidirektion 1 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116144648/http://www.berlin.de/polizei/bezirk/dir1/index.html |date=January 16, 2012 }}
12. ^{{de icon}} Polizeidirektion 2 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121005924/http://www.berlin.de/polizei/bezirk/dir2/index.html |date=January 21, 2012 }}
13. ^{{de icon}} Polizeidirektion 3 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122105855/http://www.berlin.de/polizei/bezirk/dir3/index.html |date=January 22, 2012 }}
14. ^{{de icon}} Polizeidirektion 4 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101000900/http://www.berlin.de/polizei/bezirk/dir4/index.html |date=January 1, 2012 }}
15. ^{{de icon}} Polizeidirektion 5 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116151553/http://www.berlin.de/polizei/bezirk/dir5/index.html |date=January 16, 2012 }}
16. ^{{de icon}} Polizeidirektion 6 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101080515/http://www.berlin.de/polizei/bezirk/dir6/index.html |date=January 1, 2012 }}
17. ^OSCE Entry on BPOL {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524060329/http://polis.osce.org/countries/details.php?item_id=17 |date=24 May 2009 }}
{{Berlin}}

1 : Politics of Berlin

随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/24 12:30:43