| 词条 | Portuguese ironclad Vasco da Gama | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Vasco da Gama was an ironclad which entered service with the Portuguese Navy in 1876, serving until 1935. She was built by the Thames Iron Works in London, launched in 1876, and completed in 1878. She served as the flagship of the Portuguese fleet for the majority of her long and peaceful career. She was rebuilt and heavily modernized between 1901 and 1903. Long-since obsolete by the 1930s, Vasco da Gama was finally sold for scrapping in 1935. DesignVasco da Gama was {{convert|200|ft}} long between perpendiculars, and she had a beam of {{convert|40|ft|abbr=on}}, though at the main battery guns, the ship was {{convert|46|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} wide. She had a maximum draft of {{convert|19|ft|abbr=on}}. She displaced {{convert|2384|MT|sp=us}} as originally built. She was fitted with a barquentine rig and a steam engine rated at {{convert|3000|ihp|lk=in}}, which produced a top speed of {{convert|10.3|kn|abbr=on}}. She had a crew of 232 officers and men.[1]As built, Vasco da Gama was armed with a main battery of two {{convert|10.2|in|abbr=on}} guns, placed in individual barbettes side by side amidships. She was also equipped with a single {{convert|5.9|in|abbr=on}} gun mounted on her stern, and four 9-pounder guns for close-range defense against torpedo boats. She was protected with a complete iron armored belt that was {{convert|4|in}} thick on either end and {{convert|9|in|abbr=on}} thick amidships. The main battery guns were protected by {{convert|10|in|adj=on}} thick barbettes.[1] Service historyVasco da Gama was laid down at the Thames Iron Works shipyard in London, Britain in 1875,[1][2] and was launched on 1 December 1876.[3] The ship was completed in 1878.[4] She served as part of the coastal defense force that protected Lisbon, the Portuguese capital, and the mouth of the river Tagus.[1][5] On 26 June 1897, Vasco da Gama participated in the Fleet Review at Spithead celebrating Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. At the time, the ship was commanded by Captain Barreto de Vascomellos.[6]In 1901, Vasco da Gama was taken into drydock at Orlando shipyard in Livorno, Italy, for a major reconstruction. She was cut in half and lengthened by a {{convert|32|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} long section. She was fitted with new engines and more powerful water-tube boilers rated at {{convert|6000|ihp|abbr=on}}; this increased her speed to {{convert|15.5|kn|abbr=on}}. Her sailing rig also was removed. Her main battery guns were replaced with new {{convert|8|in|abbr=on}} L/40 guns in sponsons, the short 5.9-inch gun was replaced by a new long-barreled 5.9-inch L/45 gun, and six 3-pounders augmented her close-range defense. Her iron belt armor was removed and stronger steel armor was installed in its place. The ship's crew increased to 260 officers and men. All of the changes caused her displacement to rise to {{convert|2972|MT|sp=us}}. Work on Vasco da Gama was completed by 1903.[1] On 27 August 1907, a gas explosion aboard the ship injured several crewmen.[7] During political unrest in April 1913, part of the crew of Vasco da Gama had to be removed from the ship, as they had been involved in a planned ultra-Radical coup d'état against the First Portuguese Republic. On 14 May 1915, the crew again participated in unrest; they mutinied and killed the ship's captain and bombarded Lisbon, killing around one hundred people.[8] Vasco da Gama remained the flagship of the Portuguese Navy at least as late as 1914, as the Portuguese naval budget was insufficient to fund a suitable replacement vessel.[9] Thoroughly obsolete, she remained in the Portuguese fleet until 1935, when she was sold for scrapping.[3] Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 Gardiner, p. 378 2. ^Mason, p. 658 3. ^1 Gardiner & Gray, p. 372 4. ^Brassey, p. 293 5. ^Paloczi-Horvath, p. 46 6. ^Notes on Naval Progress, p. 82 7. ^Palmer, p. 447 8. ^Chisholm, pp. 130–131 9. ^Paloczi-Horvath, p. 80 References
External links{{Commons category|Vasco da Gama (ship, 1875)}}{{1913 shipwrecks}}{{May 1915 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vasco da Gama}} 6 : Naval ships of Portugal|Ships built in Leamouth|1876 ships|Maritime incidents in 1907|Maritime incidents in 1913|Maritime incidents in 1915 |
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