| 词条 | 1977 Irish general election |
| 释义 |
| election_name = 1977 Irish general election | country = Republic of Ireland | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1973 Irish general election | previous_year = 1973 | election_date = 16 June 1977 | next_election = 1981 Irish general election | next_year = 1981 | seats_for_election = 147 of 148 seats in Dáil Éireann | majority_seats = 75 | turnout = 76.3% | previous_mps = Members of the 20th Dáil | elected_mps = TDs elected | image1 = | leader1 = Jack Lynch | party1 = Fianna Fáil | leader_since1 = 9 November 1966 | leaders_seat1 = Cork City | last_election1 = {{nowrap|69 seats, 46.2%}} | seats_before1 = 65 | seats1 = 84 | seat_change1 = {{increase}}19 | percentage1 = 50.6% | swing1 = {{increase}}4.4% | image2 = | leader2 = Liam Cosgrave | leader_since2 = 1965 | party2 = Fine Gael | leaders_seat2 = Dún Laoghaire | last_election2 = {{nowrap|54 seats, 35.1%}} | seats_before2 = 55 | seats2 = 43 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}}12 | percentage2 = 30.5% | swing2 = {{decrease}}4.6% | image3 = | leader3 = Brendan Corish | leader_since3 = 1960 | party3 = Labour Party (Ireland) | leaders_seat3 = Wexford | last_election3 = {{nowrap|19 seats, 13.7%}} | seats_before3 = 20 | seats3 = 17 | seat_change3 = {{decrease}}3 | percentage3 = 11.6% | swing3 = {{decrease}}2.1% | map_image = Irish_general_election_1977.png | map_size = 450px | map_caption = Percentage of seats gained by each of the three major parties, and number of seats gained by smaller parties and independents. | title = Taoiseach | before_election = Liam Cosgrave | before_party = Fine Gael | posttitle = Subsequent Taoiseach | after_election = Jack Lynch | after_party = Fianna Fáil }} The Irish general election of 1977 was held on 16 June 1977 and is regarded as a pivotal point in twentieth-century Irish politics. Jack Lynch led Fianna Fáil to a landslide election win. The general election took place in 42 parliamentary constituencies throughout Ireland for 148 seats in the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann. The number of seats in the Dáil was increased by 4 from 144 to 148. The newly elected 148 members of the 21st Dáil assembled at Leinster House on 5 July, when a new Fianna Fáil government replaced the incumbent Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition, Jack Lynch becoming Taoiseach for the second time. CampaignIn spite of having faced some controversial issues during its term of office, the ruling Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition looked set to defy political history by winning an unprecedented second term. This belief was further augmented following the so-called "Tullymander" of parliamentary constituencies. This refers to the Minister for Local Government James Tully, and his scheme of redrawing every constituency in the country in an effort to maximise the vote for the coalition partners. For example, in Dublin there were thirteen three-seat constituencies. It was hoped that the coalition partners would win two of the seats, leaving Fianna Fáil with only one seat. A similar tactic was used in rural areas where the party was at its strongest. As a result of this, Fianna Fáil and its leader Jack Lynch believed that they couldn't win the general election. The party drew up a manifesto which offered the electorate a string of financial and economic "sweeteners", encouraging them to vote for Fianna Fáil. Some of the promises that were offered included the abolition of rates on houses, the abolition of car tax and the promise of reducing unemployment to under 100,000. Lynch agreed to the manifesto because he believed that the party needed something dramatic if it were to win the election. Both The Irish Times and The Irish Press, which was then edited by Tim Pat Coogan, were extremely critical of the government's curtailment of freedom of speech and in particular of the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs Conor Cruise O'Brien, who used these restrictions against the PIRA. The Fianna Fáil campaign was based on the American model. Inspired by director of elections Séamus Brennan, Lynch travelled the length and breadth of the country, music blaring, accompanied by his followers. His popularity was at its highest, and it soon became clear he might win the election. Lynch's popularity was a big electoral asset. The party slogan "Bring Back Jack" even played on Lynch's huge appeal. But the monetary sweeteners were Fianna Fáil's biggest asset. In contrast to Fianna Fáil, the government parties of Fine Gael and the Labour Party fought the general election on their record in government. The redrawing of the constituency boundaries also gave them hope for success, however they offered little to the electorate except for the policies they had been pursuing for the previous four years. While towards the end of the campaign Fianna Fáil were expected to win the general election, nobody predicted the scale of that victory. An unprecedented twenty-seat majority in Dáil Éireann for Fianna Fáil saw the National Coalition swept from power in what was at the time the biggest political hurricane in Irish history. Only Éamon de Valera had ever done better, but only once out of 13 elections. Following the election defeat the leaders of Fine Gael and the Labour Party, Liam Cosgrave and Brendan Corish resigned as leaders of their respective parties, the first occasion in which a defeated Taoiseach or Tánaiste had done so. "Tullymandering" and the unprecedented sweeteners were the cause for the scale of the coalition's defeat. The new government established an independent commission to carry out future boundary revisions. Result{{Irish general election header|elec_no = 21st |elec_date = 16 June |elec_year = 1977 |note = [1][2][3] }}{{Irish general election party |party = Fianna Fáil |leader = Jack Lynch |seats = 84 |seats_chg = +15 |seats_% = 56.8 |fpv = 811,615 |fpv_% = 50.6 |fpv_chg = +4.4 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Fine Gael |leader = Liam Cosgrave |seats = 43 |seats_chg = –11 |seats_% = 29.0 |fpv = 488,767 |fpv_% = 30.5 |fpv_chg = –4.6 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Labour Party (Ireland) |leader = Brendan Corish |seats = 17 |seats_chg = –2 |seats_% = 11.5 |fpv = 186,410 |fpv_% = 11.6 |fpv_chg = –2.1 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Sinn Féin The Workers' Party |leader = Tomás Mac Giolla |seats = 0 |seats_chg = New |seats_% = 0 |fpv = 27,209 |fpv_% = 1.7 |fpv_chg = – }}{{Irish general election party |party = Irish Republican Socialist Party |leader = Seamus Costello |seats = 0 |seats_chg = New |seats_% = 0 |fpv = 955 |fpv_% = 0.1 |fpv_chg = – }}{{Irish general election party |party = Communist Party of Ireland |leader = Michael O'Riordan |seats = 0 |seats_chg = – |seats_% = 0 |fpv = 544 |fpv_% = 0.0 |fpv_chg = – }}{{Irish general election party |party = Independent politician |leader = N/A |seats = 4 |seats_chg = +2 |seats_% = 2.7 |fpv = 87,527 |fpv_% = 5.5 |fpv_chg = +2.6 }}{{Irish general election spoilt |votes = 13,743 }}{{Irish general election total |seats = 148 |seats_chg = +4 |fpv = 1,616,770 }}{{Irish general election electorate |electorate = 2,118,606 |turnout = 76.3% }} |} Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (13,824 votes, 1 seat) and the Community group in Dublin (9,427 votes).
Voting summary{{bar box|title=First preference vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{bar percent|Fianna Fáil|{{Fianna Fáil/meta/color}}|50.63}}{{bar percent|Fine Gael|{{Fine Gael/meta/color}}|30.49}}{{bar percent|Labour|{{Labour Party (Ireland)/meta/color}}|11.63}}{{bar percent|Sinn Féin (Workers' Party)|{{Workers' Party of Ireland/meta/color}}|1.70}}{{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.09}}{{bar percent|Independent|{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}|5.46}} }} Seats summary{{bar box|title=Assembly seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{bar percent|Fianna Fáil|{{Fianna Fáil/meta/color}}|56.76}}{{bar percent|Fine Gael|{{Fine Gael/meta/color}}|29.05}}{{bar percent|Labour|{{Labour Party (Ireland)/meta/color}}|11.49}}{{bar percent|Independent|{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}|2.70}} }} First time TDsA total of 42 TDs were elected for the first time: {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
By-elections
Outgoing TDs
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/results/general/21dail.cfm|title=21st Dáil 1977 General Election|work=ElectionsIreland.org|accessdate=19 June 2009}} {{Irish elections}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Irish General Election, 1977}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/gdala.htm|title=Dáil elections since 1918|work=ARK Northern Ireland|accessdate=19 June 2009}} 3. ^Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, pp1009-1017 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} 7 : 1977 elections in Europe|1977 in Irish politics|General elections in the Republic of Ireland|21st Dáil|1977 in the Republic of Ireland|June 1977 events in Europe|1970s elections in Ireland |
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