| 释义 |
- Prior to 20th century
- 20th century
- 21st century
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Varna, Bulgaria. {{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}Prior to 20th century{{History of Bulgaria}}- 6th century BCE - Odessus founded by Greeks.[1]
- 1st century CE - Romans in power.[1]
- 1201 - Siege of Varna (1201) by forces of Kaloyan of Bulgaria.
- 1389 - Ottoman Turks in power.[1]
- 1444 - 10 November: Battle of Varna.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
- 1606 - Varna sacked by Cossacks.[2]
- 1828 - Siege of Varna.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
- 1854 - During Crimean War, allied forces based temporarily at Varna.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
- 1867 - Rustchuk-Varna railway begins operating.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1871 - Slavic Orthodox Christian {{Interlanguage link multi|Eparchy of Varna and Veliki|it|3=Eparchia di Varna e Veliki}} established.[3]
- 1878 - Varna becomes part of Russian Bulgaria per Treaty of Berlin (1878){{sfn|Haydn|1910}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1883 - Orient Express railway begins operating.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
- 1885 - Euxinograd palace built near Varna.
- 1886 - Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, Varna built.
- 1888
- Varna Archaeological Museum founded.
- Population: 25,256.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
- 1892 - Bulgarian Steamship Company in business.
- 1900 - Machine School for the Navy relocated to Varna.
20th century- 1906
- Port of Varna built.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
- Population: 37,155.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1912 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Alexander Vasilev (mayor)|bg|3=Александър Василев (кмет)}} becomes mayor.
- 1913 - Reka Ticha sport club formed.
- 1915 - 27 October: Varna bombed by Russian forces.{{sfn|Bajraktarevic|1936}}[4]
- 1916 - 16 January: Varna bombed by Russian forces.{{sfn|Bajraktarevic|1936}}
- 1918 - SC Sokol (football club) formed.
- 1925 - Varna railway station opens.
- 1931 - Freedom begins publication.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
- 1932 - Varna Aquarium opens.[5]
- 1934
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Radio Varna|bg|3=Радио Варна}} begins broadcasting.
- City becomes capital of Varna oblast.[1]
- 1935 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Yanko Mustakov|bg|3=Янко Мустаков (кмет)}} becomes mayor.
- 1946 - Population: 77,792.[1]
- 1949
- Varna renamed "Stalin."[1]
- City becomes capital of the Stalin District.[6]
- 1950 - Yuri Gagarin Stadium opens.
- 1957 - In vicinity of Varna, Golden Sands resort development begins.
- 1961
- Institute of Medicine established.[7]
- Sea Garden (Varna) remodelled.
- 1962 - 15th Chess Olympiad held in Varna.
- 1964
- Varna International Ballet Competition begins.[8]
- Population: 172,700.[9]
- 1968 - Ticha Stadium and Palace of Culture and Sports open.
- 1972 - Varna Necropolis discovered.
- 1976 - Asparuhov Bridge opens.
- 1986 - Trolleybuses begin operating.
- 1991 - Hristo Borisov Hall (sport arena) opens.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
- 1993 - Population: 307,200 city; 313,034 urban agglomeration (estimate).[10]
- 1994 - McDonald's in business.[11]
- 1998 - Black Sea NGO Network headquartered in Varna.
21st century- 2001 - Population: 314,539.[12]
- 2008
- Mall Varna (shopping centre) in business.
- New Varna Stadium construction begins.
- 2011 - Population: 343,704 municipality.
- 2013
- 2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet.
- 2013–14 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet.[1]
- Air pollution in Varna reaches annual mean of 36 PM2.5 and 51 PM10, more than recommended.[13]
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Ivan Portnih|bg|3=Иван Портних}} becomes mayor.
- 2014 - June: 2014 Bulgarian floods.[14]
See also- Varna history
- {{Interlanguage link multi|History of Varna|bg|3=История на Варна}}
- List of mayors of Varna
- Timelines of other cities in Bulgaria: Plovdiv, Sofia
References1. ^1 {{cite book|author= Raymond Detrez|author-link= Raymond Detrez|title=Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hywaBgAAQBAJ|year=2015 |edition=3rd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-4180-0 }}
2. ^{{cite journal |author= Victor Ostapchuk |title= Human Landscape of the Ottoman Black Sea in the Face of the Cossack Naval Raids |journal= Oriente Moderno |volume= 20 |year=2001 |jstor=25817745 }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://mitropolia-varna.org//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=38 |language=Bulgarian |title=история |trans-title=History |publisher=Варненска и Великопреславска света митрополия (Eparchy of Varna and Veliki) |accessdate=30 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228042741/http://mitropolia-varna.org//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=38 |archivedate=28 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
4. ^{{cite web |url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A07E4D8133EE733A25751C0A9679D946496D6CF |title= Varna riddled by shells |date= 2 November 1915 |work=New York Times }}
5. ^{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC }}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |publication-place = New York |editor = Leon E. Seltzer |title = Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World |ol=6112221M |publication-date = 1952 |page=1818 |chapter=Stalin |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/columbialippinco00selt#page/1818/mode/1up }}
7. ^{{cite book|editor=Walter Rüegg |editor-link=Walter Rüegg |series=History of the University in Europe |volume=4 |title= Universities Since 1945 |year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49425-0 |chapter= Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995 |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=VCKRv1GiFqEC&pg=PA575 }}
8. ^{{cite book |title=Famous First Facts |year=2000 |publisher= H.W. Wilson Co. |editor=Steven Anzovin |editor2=Janet Podell |isbn= 0824209583 }}
9. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants }}
10. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262-321 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11®ion=eusb#/Key-Events |title= Balkan Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |accessdate= 30 March 2015 }}
12. ^{{cite book|title=Europa World Year Book 2003|year= 2003|publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=978-1-85743-227-5 |chapter=Bulgaria |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLvU9lroRuUC&pg=PA877 }}
13. ^{{citation |author=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27935436 |title= Bulgaria floods: At least 12 killed in Varna and Dobrich |date=20 June 2014 |work=BBC News }}
This article incorporates information from the Bulgarian Wikipedia.Bibliography{{Refbegin}}- Published in 19th century
- {{Citation |publisher = Wells & Lilly |publication-place = Boston |author = H. A. S. Dearborn |authorlink=Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn |title = A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea |publication-date = 1819 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/memoironcommerce01dear#page/202/mode/2up |chapter=Varna }}
- {{Citation |publisher = J.Duncan |publication-place = London |series = Modern Traveller |author = Josiah Conder |author-link = Josiah Conder (editor and author) |volume=14 |title=Turkey |publication-date = 1830 |chapter=(Varna) |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/moderntraveller14condgoog#page/n300/mode/2up }}
- {{cite book |title=Commercial Statistics |author=John Macgregor |publisher=C. Knight and Co. |location=London |year= 1844 |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=wnVPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47 |chapter=Bulgaria }}
- {{Citation |publisher = J. Murray |publication-place = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Turkey |edition=3rd |publication-date = 1854 |oclc = 2145740 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookfortra22firgoog#page/n177/mode/1up |chapter=Varna }}
- {{cite book|editor= William Henry Overall|editor-link= William Henry Overall|title= Dictionary of Chronology|year=1870|publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter= Varna |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=885 }}
- {{cite book |title=American Cyclopedia |year=1879 |publisher=D. Appleton and Company |location=New York |edition=2nd |editor=George Ripley |editor-link=George Ripley (transcendentalist) |editor2=Charles A. Dana |editor2-link=Charles Anderson Dana |chapter=Varna |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/americancyclopae16ripluoft#page/266/mode/1up
}}- Published in 20th century
- {{Citation |publisher = W. & R. Chambers |publication-date = 1901 |publication-place = London |title = Chambers's Encyclopaedia |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t56d64f6t?urlappend=%3Bseq=454 |chapter=Varna |via=HathiTrust
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Bibliographisches Institut |publication-place = Leipzig |series = Meyers Reisebücher |language=German |title=Türkei, Rumänien, Serbien, Bulgarien |trans-title=Turkey, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria |publication-date= 1902 |edition= 6th |chapter=Varna |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101064637836?urlappend=%3Bseq=186
}}
| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via= Internet Archive
|chapterurl =https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri27chisrich#page/922/mode/1up |chapter =Varna
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |publication-place = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |publication-date = 1910 |chapter= Varna |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=1478 |via=HathiTrust
|ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office |publication-place = London |title = Handbook of Bulgaria |author = British Admiralty, Naval Intelligence Division |author-link = British Admiralty |publication-date = 1920 |chapter=Gazetteer of Towns: Varna |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/handbookofbulgar00grea#page/506/mode/2up
}}- {{cite book |year=1936 |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |chapter= Varna |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&pg=PA1071 |page=1071 |author= Fehim Bajraktarevic
|ref = {{harvid|Bajraktarevic|1936}}
}}- {{cite book |title=Bulgaria Guide Book |year=1959 |publisher= Balkantourist |location=Bulgaria |chapter=Varna |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/BulgariaGuideBook1959/bulgaria_guide59#page/n101/mode/2up |via=Open Library
}}- {{cite book |title=Bulgaria: a Guide |year=1986 |author= Dimiter Mihailov |author2= Pancho Smolenov |last-author-amp= yes |translator=E. Yanev |translator2=R. Yossifova |publisher=Collet's, Sofia Press |location= Varna |url=https://archive.org/stream/BulgariaGuide1986/bulgaria_guide-MIH1986#page/n191/mode/2up |via=Open Library
}}{{refend}}External links{{Commons category|Varna}}{{Varna}}{{Black Sea}}{{Years in Bulgaria}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} 4 : History of Varna|Timelines of cities in Europe|Bulgaria-related lists|Years in Bulgaria |