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词条 Cairo Metro
释义

  1. Operations

  2. Network

     Line 1  Line 2  Line 3 

  3. History

     Background  Proposed plans  Construction works 

  4. Proposed line

     Line 4 (October-Oasis Highway - the Police Academy)  The New Cairo Monorail  Qalyub Line 2 extension  Long term plans 

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

     Bibliography 

  8. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}{{Infobox Public transit
|box_width = 275px
|name = Cairo Metro
|image = Cairo metro logo2012.svg
|imagesize = 100px
|image2 =
|imagesize2 =
|caption2 =
|native_name = {{lang|ar|مترو أنفاق القاهرة}}
|owner = National Authority for Tunnels (Egyptian state)[1]
|locale = Greater Cairo, Egypt
|transit_type = Rapid transit
|lines = 3
|stations = 61
|ridership = 3.6 million[2]
|annual_ridership = 1.314 billion (FY2015)[3]
|website = {{url|cairometro.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx|Cairo Metro}} {{en icon}}
|began_operation = {{Start date and age|1987|9|27|df=y}} [4]
|operator = Cairo Metro - The Egyptian Co. for Metro Management & Operation[5]
|marks =
|character = Mixed
Underground, At-grade and Elevated
|vehicles =
|system_length = {{convert|77.9|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}[4]
|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}} standard gauge
|el = Line 1: Overhead line,1.5 kV DC[6]
Line 2: Third rail, 750 V DC[7]
Line 3: Third rail
|top_speed =
|map =
|map_state =
}}{{Cairo Metro route diagram}}

The Cairo Metro ({{lang-ar|مترو أنفاق القاهرة|Metro Anfāq al-Qāhirah}}, lit. "Cairo Tunnel Metro" or {{lang|arz|مترو الأنفاق}}  {{IPA-arz|ˈmetɾo lʔænˈfæːʔ|pron}}) is the rapid transit system in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It was the first of only two full-fledged metro systems in Africa and only four in the Arab world.[8][9] It was opened in 1987 as Line 1 from Helwan to Ramsis square with a length of {{convert|29|km|mi|1}}.[10] As of 2014, the Cairo Metro has 61 stations (mostly At-grade), of which 3 are transfer stations, with a total length of {{convert|77.9|km|mi|1}}. The system consists of three operational lines numbered from 1 to 3. As of 2013, the metro carried nearly 4 million passengers per day.[2]

The Cairo Metro is run by the National Authority for Tunnels. The lines use standard gauge ({{RailGauge|1435mm}}).

Operations

{{multiple image|align=left|direction=horizontal|width=122
|image1=Cairo Metro-Ticket.jpg|caption1=Old Cairo Metro ticket (front side)
|image2=Cairo Metro ticket (back side).jpg|caption2=Old Cairo Metro ticket (back side)}}

Since 1989, the middle two cars (4th and 5th) of each train are reserved for women[11] (the 5th car becomes mixed-use after 21:00). There are blue signs at every station that signify the position of these cars. These cars are used as an option for women who do not wish to ride with men in the same car; however, women can still ride other cars freely. This policy was introduced for protection of women from sexual harassment by men.[12]

Cairo Metro operates from 05:00 till 01:00 (except during Ramadan, when it operates from 05:00 till 02:00), with the remaining hours reserved for maintenance work.[13]

The ticket price was EGP 1.00 for each journey, regardless of distance.[14] The Ministry of Transportation agreed to double the ticket prices, starting from Friday 24 March 2017, costing EGP 2 for the normal ticket, 1.5 for the minors ticket, 1 for the special needs ticket[15][16] after formerly costing 1, 0.75 and 0.5, respectively. Again on 10 May 2018, the ministry of transportation agreed to raise the ticket prices to be EGP 3 for 9 stops, EGP 5 for 16 stops and EGP 7 for more than 16 stops.

{{-}}

Network

{{See also|List of Cairo Metro stations}}
Line Termini Opened Latest
extension		 Length Stations
{{Color box>blue|1|border=darkgray}} Helwan - El Marg[19] 1987 1999 44.3 km[10] 35[17][18]
{{Color box>red|2|border=darkgray}} Shobra El Kheima - El Mounib[17] 1996 2005 21.6 km[19][20] 20[17][18]
{{Color box>green|3|border=darkgray}} Attaba - Al Ahram 2012 7 May 2014 12.0 km[28] 9[21]
TOTAL: 77.9 km[4] 61[17][22]

Line 1

{{main|Cairo Metro Line 1}}

Line 1 (blue) is the oldest line of the Cairo Metro, with its first {{convert|29|km|mi|0|adj=on}} segment having opened in 1987.[10] The line is {{convert|44.3|km|mi|adj=on}} long,[10] and serves 35 stations. This line carries trains with 3 units (9 train cars),[10] which have a headway of 3:30 to 4 minutes, and a maximum speed of {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.[10] The line can carry 60,000 passengers per hour in each direction.[23]

Line 1 had a train driving simulator supplied by Transurb Technirail that won the international tender issued by Cairo Metro in December 2011.[24]

Line 2

{{main|Cairo Metro Line 2}}

Line 2 (red) is the second line of the Cairo Metro. The line is {{convert|21.6|km|mi|adj=on}} long,[19] of which {{convert|13|km|mi|0}} is in tunnels. It serves 20 stations, of which 12 are underground.[19] It is mostly in bored tunnel, with two exceptions: a short section at the northern end approaching Shubra El Kheima which is elevated, and a section just south of this by cut-and-cover. Line 2 uses the third rail electrification system instead of the overhead line used in the first line.[41] The communication extension for line 2 was provided by Alcatel in 2005.[25]

The minimum headway for the line is 2 minutes 40 seconds to 3 minutes.

Line 2 has a simulator installed in Shubra since 2002 which was delivered by French company CORYS.

The first tunnel to be built under the Nile River carries line 2 across the river.[26]

Line 3

{{main|Cairo Metro Line 3}}

Line 3 (green) presently operates from Attaba to Ahram (Heliopolis), with construction under way for the remaining line to the northwest of Greater Cairo. Eventually it will link Cairo International Airport all the way to Cairo University and Imbaba. The line will cross under the two branches of the River Nile, as does Line 2. The total length of the line will be approximately {{convert|50|km|mi|0}}, most of which in bored tunnel, and will be implemented in four phases.[27]

Phase 1 from Attaba station to Abbassia station opened on 21 February 2012,[28] with five stations and a total length of {{convert|4.3|km|mi|1}}.[9][21] Phase 2 to Al Ahram Station was opened on May 7, 2014 by Adly Mansour,[29][30] with four additional stations and an added length of {{convert|7.7|km|mi|1}},[21] for a total length of {{convert|12.0|km|mi|1}}.

History

Background

As the biggest and most densely populated city in Africa, and the Arab World, the case for a metro in Greater Cairo was strong. In 1987 that population stood at 10 million residents, not counting the two million or so commuters who came into Cairo every day to work.[31] The capacity of Cairo's public transport infrastructure was around 20,000 passengers/hour, which increased to 60,000 after the construction of the Metro. In 1990 a study was conducted for the future needs of the city and showed there was a need for about 8.4 million journeys by public transport and 2.7 million journeys by other modes, such as taxi and car. The actual public transport capacity is 4.9 million journeys/day, 3.5 million short of the actual requirement. This has led to a 50% increase in the number of taxis on the streets with subsequent increases in traffic congestion in the city.[32]

Proposed plans

The idea of a metro was first proposed in the 1930s by engineer Saiyed Abdel Wahed of the Egyptian Railway Authority,[33] however, the idea did not progress. Following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, there was renewed interest in the idea. In 1954 French experts made a report about the future of the transportation in Egypt. They proposed a metro encompassing two lanes, one 12 km long lane connecting Bab al-Louq and Ismailia and a second 5 km lane connecting Boulaq and Abou al-Ela Castle. They also proposed that there should be one company in charge of all transportation systems.[33]

Later on multiple experts came to Egypt regarding that project: Soviet experts in 1956, Japanese experts in 1960 and French experts in 1962, which concluded the following:

The creation of a metro system with multiple lines. The first is a 5 km line connecting Helwan with El-Marg going under the Kasr el Eini street and Ramses Street.[33] The second line would be from Sayeda Zainab to Shobra going under Downtown Cairo and would be 9.5 km long.[33] The third would be from Giza to Abbaseya and would be 11.5 km long. The fourth would be from Al Awqaf to the Castle and would be 6.7 km long.[33]

In 1964 British experts advised the creation of a metro line from Bab El Louk to Shubra.[34] In 1966 Japanese experts advised the creation of a lane between Helwan and El Marg and another one going through Mohandessin, Heliopolis and 26 of July street, for a total of 26 km.[34] Lastly, in 1969, the government approved the need for a study showing the needed capacity for Cairo's transportation system.[34] The Egyptian Ministry of Transport issued an international tender for the creation of the study. Eight companies applied and the French company Sufreto won the tender on 20 September 1970.[35] The study was finished in 1973 and included mainly the study of the population development in Cairo and its needs for transportation capacity in 1980,1985 and 1990.[36] It concluded the necessity for three lines in greater Cairo to solve the transportation problem.

The first line would use the already available railways (Helwan-Bab El luk and Al Laymoun Bridge-El Marg) and connect them through a metro. It would be in total 43 km long. The second line would be 13.5 km and connect Shubra El-Kheima and Bulaq going through Ramses Street and Tahrir Square. The third line would go from El Darasa to Imbaba and would be in total 10 km long.[37]

The priority for the project was the first line which would reduce 30% of the daily transport to and from Cairo and would incorporate pre-existing rail infrastructure.[37] The detailed study of the construction took 6 years from 1975 to 1981.[37] A tender was made for the construction of the metro and the Egyptian-French company Entra Nevra Arabco won it and had the task of constructing the metro system.[38]

Construction works

The construction of Line 1 started in 1982 after the French government agreed on giving Egypt the necessary loan. The first section was opened on 27 September 1987[4] and the line was completed in 1989 connecting Helwan with El Marg and consisting of 33 stations with a total length of 43 km of which 4.7 km underground.[39] In 1999, New El Marg station was added to the northern end of the line, bringing its total length to 44.3 km. Helwan University station was built between Wadi Houf and Ain Helwan stations.[40]

Cairo's metro network was greatly expanded in the mid-1990s with the building of Line 2, from Shoubra El Kheima to Cairo University, with an extension to Giza. The line includes the first tunnel under the Nile.[41][42] The construction of the line was finished in October 2000, and it was later extended to El Mounib.[41]

Proposed line

Line 4 (October-Oasis Highway - the Police Academy)

{{Update|section|date=January 2017|cat=Rail transport articles in need of updating}}

Line 4 is planned to run from Haram District to the New Cairo district, connecting Greater Cairo from West to East. It will cross the two branches of the Nile river, and have a total length of {{convert|24|km|mi|1}}.[8][9] Implementation work began in January 2018.[75] As of early 2019, construction is scheduled to begin in Q3 2019, with an esimated completion date of 2024.[43]

Phase 1 (west) of the project will run from El-Malek El-Saleh Station (Interchange with Line 1) to the October-Oasis Highway Station with a total length of 18 km, passing through Giza Railway Station (Interchange with Line 2);[44][45] the original plan for phase 1 was for it to start from El-Malek El-Saleh Station and end at the Grand Egyptian Museum Station with a total length of 10 km, but the Ministry of Roads & Transportation decided to extend the Line in their efforts to further connect the Governorate of 6 October to the Greater Cairo Area; phase 1 also includes the plan to connect the end of Line 4 to the suburbs of 6 October mainly through executing The October 6th Tram system (The O6T) which will be by using a tram-train system supplied with the Alstom Regio-Citadis trams.[46] Mitsubishi corporation will supply 64 trains for phase 1.[47] This phase will have 15 stations to be constructed with a duration of 6.5 years.[40] Phase 1 stations will be equipped with automatic fare collection system and platform screen doors, and will include elevators for the use of disabled passengers.[40]

Phase 1 bidding has been postponed until May 2015 to enable Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to complete the feasibility study and to resolve other problems with the construction starts by 2015 or 2016 according to Ismail El-Nagdy, Chairman of National Authority for Tunnels with Japan International Cooperation Agency financing $1.2 billion loan while Egyptian government covering the rest of $2.4 billion.[44][45][48][49]

Phase 2 will begin from El-Malek El-Saleh Station, passing east through Magra El-Oyoun street and Salah El-Din Citadel in Salah Salem street and ending at the 6th District Station (beginning of Nasr City district) with a completion date set at October 2018.[8]

Phase 3 will begin from 6th District Station and ending at Makram Ebeid Station, following Mustafa El-Nahas street in bored tunnels under the existing old tram system, and ultimately deconstructing the old railway and paving its right-of-way (increasing the street by two lanes in each direction, which is critically needed to lighten the traffic congestion in the area). This phase has a completion date set at October 2019.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

Phase 4, the final phase, will begin from Makram Ebeid Station with bored tunnels following Doctor Hassan El-Sherif street and Ahmed El-Zomor street, ending at Police Academy Station near the Ring Road.[8]

Line 4 is expected to be fully operational by October 2020.[8]

The New Cairo Monorail

This project has been proposed by private investors and awaiting approval from the government with a plan to connect Line 3 with Line 4 through a route which is mostly parallel to the Ring Road's eastern arc, therefore covering New Cairo from north to south starting at the Cairo International Airport and ending at the beginning of the Cairo-Ain Sokhna Highway{{Citation needed|reason=Please add reference on New Cairo Monorail and it's proposed stations|date=July 2018}}, where the government is currently planning to build a major bus station to serve those traveling to the eastern part of the country.

The project has an estimated cost of $750 million and a completion date set at 2020.

Proposed stations are:

  • Cairo International Airport
  • The Governmental Complex
  • Naguib Mahfouz
  • Police Academy
  • The 5th Settlement
  • Katameya
  • Eastern Cairo Bus Station

As of August 2016, a different monorail project is under discussion, connecting 6 October city with other western parts of Greater Cairo. The line is expected to be 35km long, cost $1.5 billion, and be completed by 2018.[50]

Qalyub Line 2 extension

As of December 2017, Spokesperson for the Egyptian National Authority for Tunnels (NAT) said that there are plans to extend Line 2 7 kilometers to the north from Shubra Al-Kheima station to end at Qalyub station due to the increasing traffic in north Cairo entrances, He also said that bidding will be held in February 2018 and the winner will be revealed mid 2018. The station will be an at-grade station built parallel to the train railway, bridges will be built to divert traffic from the Metro route.[51]

Long term plans

A transportation study of the Greater Cairo region was completed in 1999. It recommended the implementation of a six line system consisting of lines 1, 2 and 3 (existing), and lines 4, 5 and 6. The completed Metro Network would be capable of serving most of the densely populated areas in the Greater Cairo region, which was much in need of a comprehensive mass transit system. The plans include interchange stations between the six metro lines and would also provides interchange facilities with existing main railway stations, the airport, and bus stations.

The six planned metro lines aim to meet the transportation demands of the Greater Cairo area up to the year 2032.[52] However, the actual construction and implementation schedule will be restricted by available funding, and it is likely that the timetable will slip.

Line 5 would be a half-circular line connecting lines 1-4 in northern Cairo, running from Nasr City in the east, to Port Said Street and Shubra El Kheima in the west. It would have a length of {{convert|20|km|mi|0}}, entirely within bored tunnels.[8][9] It would intersect Line 1 at Helmiet el-Zaitoun station, Line 2 at El-Khalafawy station, Line 3 at Haroun station, and Line 4 at Al-Wafaa we al-Amal station.[53]Line 6 would be a north-south line, from Shubra in the north to the Maadi and Helwan districts in the south. It would run from Ataba Station through El Kalaa street in bored tunnels to Salah Eldin Citadel Station (Interchange with Line 4) and moving on from there to both districts via bored tunnels using the existing route El-Mahager Railway as a guide through both Maadi and Helwan. This Line has a length of {{convert|19|km|mi|0}}.[8][9] It would intersect Line 1 at Ghamra station, Line 3 at Bab al-Sharia station, Line 4 at Amr Ibn al-Ase station, and Line 5 at Sawah station.[53]

See also

  • {{Portal-inline|size=tiny|Cairo Metro}}
  • List of Cairo Metro stations
  • List of metro systems
  • Suburban railways in Africa

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=TWINNING PROJECT FICHE - Assistance to the Egyptian Metro Company (ECM) in Reforming Railway Safety Regulations, Procedures and Practices|url=http://vm.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/Twinning%20fiche%20-%20Metro%20regulation%20Final-launched.pdf|accessdate=4 August 2014}}
2. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Sood|first1=Suemedha |url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20130314-subway-systems-by-the-numbers |title=Subway systems by the numbers |newspaper=BBC |date=15 March 2013 |accessdate=2014-07-28}}
3. ^See*{{cite web |url=http://www.thenational.ae/blogs/national-view/cairo-subway-thrives-beneath-the-chaos#1 |title=A look at the Cairo metro system |publisher=The National |accessdate=2016-01-31}} (Figure extrapolated from 3.6 million average daily boardings)*{{cite web |url=http://cairometro.gov.eg/UIPages/Statistics.aspx |title=Statistics [see first and second figures – e.g. List of Current and Expected Ridership for Cairo Metro from 2009/2010 until 2019/2020] |publisher=Cairo Metro |language=Arabic |accessdate=2014-11-17}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Cairo|url=http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Cairo|website=metrobits.org|accessdate=4 August 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://cairometro.gov.eg/uipages/AboutUS.aspx |title=About Company |publisher=Cairo Metro |accessdate=2014-07-31}}
6. ^{{cite web|last1=Barrow|first1=Keith|title=Cairo to order new trains for metro Line 1|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/cairo-to-order-new-trains-for-metro-line-1.html|website=International Railway Journal|publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc.|accessdate=23 January 2015|date=14 March 2014}}
7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Banerjee|first1=M.K.|last2=El Hoda|first2=N.|title=Review of the automatic train control system for Cairo Metro line 2|journal=Power Engineering Journal|date=October 1998|volume=12|issue=5|pages=217–228|doi=10.1049/pe:19980506|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=730827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel4%2F2224%2F15755%2F00730827|accessdate=25 January 2015|publisher=IET|issn=0950-3366}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/cairo-metro/ |title=Cairo Metro, Egypt |website=Railway-Technology.com |publisher=Kable |accessdate=2014-06-26}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.urbanrail.net/af/cairo/cairo.htm |title=Cairo |website=UrbanRail.Net |accessdate=2014-06-26}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://cairometro.gov.eg/UIPages/FirstLineWorking.aspx |title=First Line Working |publisher=Cairo Metro, Inc. |date= |accessdate=2014-06-27}}
11. ^{{cite web|last1=Boskovitch|first1=Angela|title=Photo Essay: Cairo's Transit Woes|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=60054|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|accessdate=4 June 2016|date=12 May 2015}}
12. ^{{cite news |last=Cowell |first=Alan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/15/world/cairo-journal-for-women-only-a-train-car-safe-from-men.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Cairo Journal; For Women Only: A Train Car Safe From Men |newspaper=The New York Times |date=15 January 1990 |accessdate=2014-06-27}}
13. ^{{cite news|last1=Hebeishy|first1=Reda|title=Metro lines’ working hours return Thursday to 20h instead of 21h|url=http://thecairopost.com/news/120177/news/metro-lines-working-hours-return-thursday-to-20h-instead-of-21h|accessdate=14 August 2014|work=thecairopost.com|agency=Alyoum Alsabea|date=July 30, 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Getting Around Cairo|url=http://travel.usnews.com/Cairo_Egypt/Getting_Around/|website=U.S. News & World Report Travel|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|accessdate=14 August 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=ننشر تعليمات التشغيل الجديدة لمترو الأنفاق بعد رفع سعر التذكرة لـ2 جنيه|url=//www.youm7.com/story/2017/3/23/%D9%86%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9/3157558|website=Youm7|accessdate=23 March 2017|language=Arabic}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=بالصور...تعرف على أسعار اشتراكات المترو بعد الزيادة الجديدة على|url=http://www.masrawy.com/News/News_Egypt/details/2017/3/23/1048701/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1|website=Masrawy|accessdate=23 March 2017|language=Arabic}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://cairometro.gov.eg/UIPages/LineView.aspx |title=Metro lines |publisher=Cairo Metro, Inc. |date= |accessdate=2014-06-27}}
18. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://cairometro.gov.eg/UIPages/faq.aspx |title=FAQ |publisher=Cairo Metro, Inc. |date= |accessdate=2014-06-27}}
19. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.nat.org.eg/english/Line2.html |title=Line 2 |publisher=National Authority for Tunnels |date= |accessdate=2014-06-28}}
20. ^{{cite journal |last1=El-Nahhas |first1=Fathalla M. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257076379 |title=Tunnelling and Supported Deep Excavations in the Greater Cairo |journal=Int. Symposium on Utilization of Underground Space in Urban Areas |format=pdf |page=5 |date=2006 |accessdate=2014-06-28}}
21. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.nat.org.eg/english/Line3.html |title=Line 3 |publisher=National Authority for Tunnels |date= |accessdate=2014-06-19}}
22. ^Counting transfer stations only once.
23. ^Metro Al Anfaq 32
24. ^{{cite web|title=Transurb Technirail Wins Contract to Develop a Driving Simulator for Cairo Metro in Egypt|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/contractors/professional/transurb-technirail/presstransurb-simulator-cairo-metro.html|website=railway-technology.com|accessdate=8 August 2014}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://home.alcatel.com/vpr/vpr.nsf/va_TousByIDPere/II11FDDEEF306D3BA1C1256FEF002DE858EngII |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023161522/http://www.home.alcatel.com/vpr/vpr.nsf/va_TousByIDPere/II11FDDEEF306D3BA1C1256FEF002DE858EngII |dead-url=yes |archive-date=23 October 2005 |title=Alcatel extends the communications infrastructure of Cairo's metro line 2 |publisher=Alcatel Lucent |location=Paris |date=26 April 2005 |accessdate=2008-10-27 }}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Egypt Digs First Tunnel Under Nile|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1998/Egypt-Digs-First-Tunnel-Under-Nile/id-a669823a6b307a30b76cadb4f3f7b727|accessdate=14 August 2014|work=Associated Press News Archive|agency=Associated Press|date=March 3, 1998}}
27. ^{{cite web |author=Abeer Saady |url=http://aegypten.ahk.de/index.php?id=719&L=15 |title=Cairo's Metro Gets Bigger & Better |publisher=German-Arab chamber of industry and commerce |date=May–June 2007 |accessdate=2008-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211055149/http://aegypten.ahk.de/index.php?id=719&L=15# |archive-date=11 December 2008 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.4-traders.com/VINCI-4725/news/VINCI-Opening-of-Phase-1-of-Line-3-of-the-Cairo-metro-14035130/|title=VINCI : Opening of Phase 1 of Line 3 of the Cairo metro|website=4-traders.com|publisher=Surperformance|date=22 February 2012|accessdate=2014-06-27}}
29. ^{{cite news |title=New Abbasiya-Heliopolis metro line opens in Cairo |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/100698/Business/Economy/New-AbbasiyaHeliopolis-metro-line-opens-in-Cairo-.aspx |newspaper=Ahram Online |date=7 May 2014 |accessdate=2014-06-03}}
30. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/africa/single-view/view/cairo-metro-line-3-extension-opens.html |title=Cairo metro Line 3 extension opens |journal=Railway Gazette International |date=8 May 2014 |accessdate=2014-06-27}}
31. ^Metro Al Anfaq 11
32. ^Metro Al Anfaq 14
33. ^1 2 3 4 Metro Al Anfaq 15
34. ^1 2 Metro Al Anfaq 16
35. ^Metro Al Anfaq 17
36. ^Metro Al Anfaq 18
37. ^1 2 Metro Al Anfaq 19
38. ^Metro Al Anfaq 20
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nat.org.eg/english/Line1.html |title=Line 1 |publisher=National Authority for Tunnels |accessdate=2014-05-24}}
40. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=National Authority for Tunnels - EIA Study for Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4 Phase 1 - Final Report|url=http://nurhosting.com/NAT/EIAMetroLine4Phase1EnglishFinal.pdf|website=nurhosting.com|publisher=Environics|accessdate=30 June 2014}}
41. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.egyts.com/tunnelling_p_cairometro.htm |title=Greater Cairo Metro Network |publisher=Egyptian Tunneling Society |date=15 April 2007 |accessdate=2008-10-20}}
42. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/322657.stm |title=Cairo's metro goes under Nile |newspaper=BBC News |date=19 April 1999 |accessdate=2008-10-28}}
43. ^{{Cite web |url=https://transport.frontieregypt.com/projects/rail-and-metro/metro-line-4-phase-1 |title=Metro Line 4, Phase 1 | website=Egypt Transport Infrastructure Monitor |publisher= Frontier MEA Ltd. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214224817/https://transport.frontieregypt.com/projects/rail-and-metro/metro-line-4-phase-1 |archive-date=2019-02-14 |dead-url=no |access-date=2019-02-14}}
44. ^1 {{cite web|title=Egypt begins Cairo Metro Line 4's Phase I in FY15|url=https://www.zawya.com/story/Egypt_begins_Cairo_Metro_Line_4s_Phase_I_in_FY15-ZAWYA20140604063613/|website=zawya.com|publisher=Zawya|accessdate=30 June 2014}}
45. ^1 {{cite web|title=Egypt to begin Cairo Metro Line 4 in 2015|url=http://www.tradearabia.com/news/CONS_259476.html|website=TradeArabia Business News Information|accessdate=30 June 2014}}
46. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.protenders.com/projects/cairo-metro-line-4-phase-1 |title=Cairo Metro Line 4 (Phase 1) |date=2019-01-31 |website=www.protenders.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214220422/https://www.protenders.com/projects/cairo-metro-line-4-phase-1 |archive-date=2019-02-14 |dead-url=no |access-date=2019-02-14 |quote=The project's scope of work involves the construction of metro line 4 in Cairo, Egypt. Phase 1 metro line will run from El-Malek El-Saleh Station (Interchange with Line 1) to the October-Oasis Highway Station with a total length of 18 km, passing through Giza Railway Station (Interchange with Line 2). The project also includes the plan to connect the end of Line 4 to the suburbs of 6 October mainly through executing The October 6th Tram system (The O6T) which will be by using a Tram-train system supplied with the Alstom Regio-Citadis trams.

For the rolling stock, the project will require eight train sets, with each featuring 23 cars.}}
47. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2018/10/28/nat-accepts-mitsubishis-technical-offer-to-supply-first-phase-trains-for-fourth-metroline/ |title=NAT accepts Mitsubishi’s technical offer to supply first-phase trains for fourth Metroline |last=El-Din |first=Mohamed Alaa |date=2018-10-28 |work=Daily News Egypt |access-date=2019-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214215218/https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2018/10/28/nat-accepts-mitsubishis-technical-offer-to-supply-first-phase-trains-for-fourth-metroline/ |archive-date=2019-02-14 |dead-url=no |language=en-US}}
48. ^{{cite web|title=Cairo Metro|url=http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/12/02/cairo-metro-3/|website=Railways Africa|accessdate=25 January 2015|date=2 December 2014}}
49. ^{{cite web|last1=Briginshaw|first1=David|title=Egypt allocates funds to expand Cairo metro|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/egypt-allocates-funds-to-expand-cairo-metro.html|website=International Railway Journal|publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc.|accessdate=22 January 2015|date=14 November 2014}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/242058/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt,-Canada%E2%80%99s-Bombardier-discuss-monorail-projec.aspx|accessdate=2017-08-21|title=Egypt, Canada's Bombardier discuss monorail project near Cairo|publisher=Ahram Online|language=English}}
51. ^{{citeweb|url=https://enterprise.press/stories/2017/02/20/transport-minister-looks-to-expand-cairo-metro-line-2/|accessdate=2017-03-21|title=Egypt, Transport Minister looks to extend Cairo Metro Line 2 to Qalyub|publisher=Enterprise Press|language=English}}
52. ^{{cite web|last1=Alaa El-Din|first1=Mohamed|title=4 companies qualify for final tender of Cairo metro line 4 phase I|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2016/08/30/4-companies-qualify-final-tender-cairo-metro-line-4-phase/|website=Daily News Egypt|accessdate=12 April 2017|date=30 August 2016}}
53. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nat.org.eg/english/Futurepro.html |title=National Authority for Tunnel |accessdate=2017-01-10}}

References

{{reflist|2}}
Other references
  • {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/world/middleeast/cairos-subway-is-efficient-orderly-and-dependable.html |title=Cairo Journal: Underground, Everything That Life Above Is Not |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 May 2012}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book|title=Metro Al Anfaq|first=Saiyed|last=Salama|publisher=Dar Al Maaref |year=1987|isbn=978-977-02-2155-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC0VAAAACAAJ&dq=isbn=977-02-2155-4}}

External links

{{Commons category|Cairo Metro}}{{Wikivoyage|Cairo}}
  • Cairo Metro – official website {{en icon}}
  • National Authority for Tunnels – official website {{en icon}}
  • Cairo at UrbanRail.Net
  • Cairo Metro (International Tunnelling Association)
  • Cairo Metro Stations Chart at VirtualTourist.com
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20081211041034/http://www.photouploads.net/PhotoAlbum.php?photoalbumid=6&StartPhotoID=119 Some hi-res pictures from inside the Cairo Metro]
{{Cairo Metro}}{{Rapid transit in Africa}}{{Urban public transport in Egypt}}{{coord missing|Egypt}}

9 : Cairo Metro|Transport in Cairo|Rapid transit in Egypt|Underground rapid transit in Egypt|Electric railways in Egypt|Rail transport in Egypt|Railway lines opened in 1987|Downtown Cairo|750 V DC railway electrification
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