| 词条 | Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area |
| 释义 |
| name = Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area | settlement_type = CSA | image_map = File:WashingtonDCMallAerialNavyPhoto.jpg | mapsize = 220px | map_caption = The National Mall in Washington | image_skyline = File:Baltimore Inner Harbor from Federal Hill.jpg | imagesize = 220px | image_caption = Baltimore's Inner Harbor | image_map1 = File:Rosslyn1457828712 33c9d23751 o.jpg | mapsize1 = 220px | map_caption1 = Downtown Rosslyn in Arlington | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|38.97|-77.32|type:city_region:US|display=title,inline}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_type3 = Principal cities | subdivision_name1 = - District of Columbia - Maryland - Virginia - Pennsylvania - West Virginia | subdivision_name2 = ---- | subdivision_name3 = Washington, D.C. Arlington, VA Alexandria, VA Baltimore, MD, Annapolis, MD Bethesda, MD Chambersburg, PA Columbia, MD Easton, MD Falls Church, VA Frederick, MD Fredericksburg, VA Gaithersburg, MD Hagerstown, MD Lexington Park, MD Martinsburg, WV Rockville, MD Reston, VA Silver Spring, MD Towson, MD Tysons, VA Waynesboro, PA Winchester, VA | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = | population_as_of = 2017 est. | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | population_blank2_title = CSA | population_blank2 = 9,764,315 (4th) | population_note = | image_map2 = | map_caption2 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | area_blank1_ mi2 = | timezone = EST | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = -4 }} The Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area is a combined statistical area consisting of the overlapping labor market region of the cities of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland. The region includes Central Maryland, Northern Virginia, three counties in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia, and one county in South Central Pennsylvania. It is the most educated, highest-income, and fourth largest combined statistical area in the United States.[1][2] Officially, the area is designated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA Combined Statistical Area. It is composed primarily of two major metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV MSA and the Baltimore–Columbia–Towson, MD MSA. In addition, six other smaller urban areas not contiguous to the main urban area but having strong commuting ties with the main area are also included in the metropolitan area.[3] These are: the Hagerstown–Martinsburg, MD–WV MSA, the Chambersburg–Waynesboro, PA MSA, the Winchester, VA–WV MSA, the California–Lexington Park, MD MSA, the Easton, MD micropolitan statistical area (µSA), and the Cambridge, MD µSA. Some counties such as Caroline and King George County, Virginia are not officially designated by the OMB as members of this metropolitan area, but still consider themselves members anyway.[4][5][6][7][8] This is mostly due to their proximity to the area, the size of their commuter population, and by the influence of local broadcasting stations. The population of the entire Washington-Baltimore Combined Statistical Area as of the Census Bureau's 2012 Population Estimates is 9,331,587.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The most populous city is Washington, DC, with a population of 681,170.[16] The most populous county is Fairfax County, Virginia, with a population exceeding 1.1 million. Components of the metropolitan areaThe counties and independent cities and their groupings that comprise the metropolitan area are listed below with their 2012 population estimates. Central counties/cities (designated as such by OMB) for each MSA are shown in italics.
Regional organizationsMetropolitan Washington Council of GovernmentsFounded in 1957, the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) is a regional organization of 23 Washington-area local governments, as well as area members of the Maryland and Virginia state legislatures, the U.S. Senate, and the U.S. House of Representatives. MWCOG provides a forum for discussion and the development of regional responses to issues regarding the environment, transportation, public safety, homeland security, affordable housing, community planning, and economic development.[17] The National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board, a component of MWCOG, is the federally designated Metropolitan Planning Organization for the metropolitan Washington area.[18] Baltimore Metropolitan CouncilThe Baltimore Metropolitan Council is the equivalent organization for the Baltimore portion of the combined Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.[19] The BMC, which was created in 1992 as the successor to the Regional Planning Council and Baltimore Regional Council of Governments, consists of the Baltimore region's elected executives, representing Baltimore City and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford and Howard counties.[20] The Baltimore Regional Transportation Board is the federally recognized Metropolitan Planning Organization for transportation planning in the Baltimore region.[20] List of principal citiesSee List of cities in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area for a full list.[21]Baltimore area
Washington area[22]
EconomyPrimary industriesBiotechnologyNot limited to its proximity to the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland's Washington suburbs are a major center for biotechnology. Prominent local biotechnology companies include MedImmune, United Therapeutics, The Institute for Genomic Research, Human Genome Sciences and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Defense contractingMany defense contractors are based in Northern Virginia and Montgomery County, Maryland to be close to the Pentagon in Arlington. Local defense contractors include Lockheed Martin, the largest, as well as Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, BAE Systems Inc., Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC), Booz Allen Hamilton, Leidos, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), and Orbital Sciences Corporation. Notable company headquarters in the regionNumbers denote Fortune 500 ranking.MarylandBaltimore area:
Washington area:
Washington, D.C.
Northern Virginia{{Main|List of companies headquartered in Northern Virginia}}
TransportationMajor airports
Rail transit systems
Major highwaysInterstates
See also{{Portal|Baltimore|Washington, D.C.}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterbaltimore.org/tabid/534/Default.aspx|title=CSA Median household income|website=Greaterbaltimore.org|accessdate=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207060434/http://www.greaterbaltimore.org/tabid/534/Default.aspx|archive-date=7 December 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} {{DCMetroArea}}{{Northeast Megalopolis}}{{District of Columbia}}{{Maryland}}{{Virginia}}{{West Virginia}}{{Pennsylvania}}{{USLargestMetros}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://triangle.bizjournals.com/triangle/stories/2009/09/21/daily23.html?ana=tt3245|title=Raleigh-Durham area ranks third in U.S. for college degrees|website=Triangle.bizjournals.com|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b-13-01.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=2014-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118134056/https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b-13-01.pdf|archive-date=2017-01-18|dead-url=yes|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.visitcaroline.com/economic.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-07-21|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711100558/http://www.visitcaroline.com/economic.html|archivedate=2015-07-11}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://washingtondcsouth.com/|title=- Washington DC South|website=washingtondcsouth.com|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yeskinggeorge.com/|title=King George County Department of Economic Development|website=King George County Department of Economic Development|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/15/AR2006031502563.html|title=3 Virginia Exurbs Near Top of U.S. in Growth|first=D'Vera Cohn and Amy|last=Gardner|date=16 March 2006|accessdate=16 November 2017|website=Washingtonpost.com}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fampo.gwregion.org/about/fampo/|title=FAMPO Technical Committee - FAMPO|website=Fampo.gwregion.org|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 9. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-02.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081730/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-02.xls |archive-date=2015-09-24 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-11.xls|title=CO-EST2006-01-11.xls|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629095330/http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-11.xls|archive-date=29 June 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-24.xls|title=CO-EST2006-01-24.xls|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629095340/http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-24.xls|archive-date=29 June 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-51.xls|title=EST2006-01-51.xls|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026114441/http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-51.xls|archive-date=26 October 2008|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-54.xls|title=CO-EST2006-01-54.xls|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629095406/http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2006-01-54.xls|archive-date=29 June 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/List1.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209032148/http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/List1.txt|dead-url=yes|archive-date=9 February 2006|title=Wayback Machine|date=9 February 2006|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/List6.txt|title=List6.txt|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420104258/http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/List6.txt|archive-date=20 April 2008|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/11|title=QuickFacts District of Columbia|date=December 20, 2016|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=December 22, 2016}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mwcog.org/about/|title=COG & Our Region - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments|website=Mwcog.org|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mwcog.org/transportation/tpb/|title=Transportation Planning Board - Transportation - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments|website=Mwcog.org|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baltometro.org/|title=Home - Baltimore Metropolitan Council|first=__Sara Ann|last=O'Leary|website=Baltometro.org|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 20. ^1 About BMC – Baltimore Metropolitan Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501095325/http://www.baltometro.org/content/view/6/65/ |date=2007-05-01 }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/lists/2007/List2.txt|title=U.S. Census Bureau – Principal cities of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/lists/2007/List2.txt|title=Metropolitan And Micropolitan Statistical Areas And Principal Cities, November 2007, with codes|website=Census.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/whiting-turner-contracting/|title=Whiting-Turner Contracting on the Forbes America's Largest Private Companies List|website=Forbes.com|accessdate=16 November 2017}} 24. ^https://bethesdamagazine.com/bethesda-beat/real-estate/foulger-pratt-and-partner-buy-discovery-headquarters-in-downtown-silver-spring/ 25. ^As according to Federal Aviation Administration CY 2011 Enplanement Data{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, BWI exceeded Dulles by less than 24,000 passengers. {{asof|2010}}, however, Dulles has an edge in international traffic. 10 : Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area|Baltimore metropolitan area|Washington metropolitan area|Geography of Baltimore|Geography of Washington, D.C.|Northern Virginia|Regions of Maryland|Regions of Virginia|Regions of Pennsylvania|Regions of West Virginia |
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