“Tsushima, Nagasaki”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Tsushima, Nagasaki

释义

History
Geography
Islands
Flora and fauna
Tsushima cat
Climate
Demographics and culture
Economy
Transportation
Airport Seaport
Sister cities
See also
Notes
External links
Japanese Korean

{{Infobox city Japan
| name= Tsushima
| JapaneseName= {{nobold|{{lang|ja|対馬市}}}}
| settlement_type= City
| image_skyline = Tsushima City Hall.JPG
| image_caption = Tsushima City Hall
| image_flag = Flag of Tsushima, Nagasaki.svg
| image_symbol = Symbol of Tsushima Nagasaki.svg
| image_map= Tsushima in Nagasaki Prefecture Ja.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|34|12|N|129|17|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| region= Kyushu
| prefecture= Nagasaki Prefecture
| district=
| mayor= Takarabe Yasunari
| area_km2= 708.61
| population= 31,550
| population_as_of= March 31, 2017
| density_km2= auto
| tree= Chionanthus retusus
| flower= Azalea
| bird= Ring-necked pheasant
| city_hall_address=
| city_hall_postal_code=
| website = {{URL|http://www.city.tsushima.nagasaki.jp/}}
}}{{nihongo|Tsushima|対馬市|Tsushima-shi}} is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the only city of Tsushima Subprefecture and it encompasses all of Tsushima Island Archipelago, which lies in the Tsushima Strait north of Nagasaki on the western side of Kyushu, the southernmost mainland island of Japan.

As of March 2017, the city has an estimated population of 31,550^[1] and a population density of 45 persons per km². Its total area is 708.61 km², 17.3% of the area of Nagasaki Prefecture.

History

An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Izuhara, Sasuna, and Shishimi as open ports for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.^[2]

On April 1, 1975, Toyotama Village was promoted to the status of a town. Mine Village was also elevated to the status of a town in the following year.

The modern city of Tsushima was established on March 1, 2004, from the merger of six towns on Tsushima Island: Izuhara, Mitsushima, and Toyotama (all from Shimoagata District), and Mine, Kamiagata, and Kamitsushima (all from Kamiagata District). Both districts were dissolved as a result of this merger.

Geography

The city of Tsushima is located on Tsushima Island and other small neighbouring islands, lying slightly to the west side of Tsushima Strait, south of the Sea of Japan and north-east of the East China Sea. The island also lies between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese mainland. Its coastline has a total length of 915 km. Asō Bay, a prominent bay with a rias coastline, is located between the islands. Tsushima lies about 60 km from Iki, 138 km from the city of Fukuoka, and 49.5 km from Busan, South Korea.

Islands

Several other islands encompass Tsushima city, in addition to Kamino-shima and Shimono-shima, both of which makes up the Tsushima Island(s):

Santsu-jima (三ッ島)
Shimayama-jima^[3] (島山島)

Flora and fauna

Tsushima cat

Native to the island is the Tsushima cat (or Tsushima leopard cat, an endemic sub-species of the leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis). Present on the islands since ancient times, its numbers have decreased sharply, and it is now listed as an endangered species. {{As of|2009}}, it was estimated that only 80 to 100 animals remain.

Climate

Tsushima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is much heavier in summer than in winter.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Izuhara/Tsushima, Nagasaki
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|Jan high C = 8.7
|Feb high C = 9.4
|Mar high C = 12.8
|Apr high C = 17.3
|May high C = 21.4
|Jun high C = 23.9
|Jul high C = 27.7
|Aug high C = 29.3
|Sep high C = 25.9
|Oct high C = 21.7
|Nov high C = 16.5
|Dec high C = 11.5
|Jan mean C = 4.7
|Feb mean C = 5.5
|Mar mean C = 8.7
|Apr mean C = 13.3
|May mean C = 17.3
|Jun mean C = 20.5
|Jul mean C = 24.8
|Aug mean C = 26.2
|Sep mean C = 22.5
|Oct mean C = 17.6
|Nov mean C = 12.2
|Dec mean C = 7.2
|Jan low C = 1.0
|Feb low C = 1.8
|Mar low C = 4.7
|Apr low C = 9.4
|May low C = 13.3
|Jun low C = 17.4
|Jul low C = 22.3
|Aug low C = 23.5
|Sep low C = 19.6
|Oct low C = 13.9
|Nov low C = 8.3
|Dec low C = 3.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 75.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 92.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 131.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 209.9
|May precipitation mm = 199.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 317.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 342.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 242.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 251.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 115.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 106.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 54.7
|Jan humidity = 62
|Feb humidity = 64
|Mar humidity = 66
|Apr humidity = 72
|May humidity = 74
|Jun humidity = 82
|Jul humidity = 85
|Aug humidity = 82
|Sep humidity = 78
|Oct humidity = 71
|Nov humidity = 68
|Dec humidity = 65
|Jan sun = 135.6
|Feb sun = 125.8
|Mar sun = 164.6
|Apr sun = 160.1
|May sun = 186.2
|Jun sun = 134.9
|Jul sun = 134.3
|Aug sun = 175.8
|Sep sun = 127.0
|Oct sun = 159.6
|Nov sun = 142.9
|Dec sun = 141.7
|source 1 = NOAA (1961-1990)^[4]
|date=January 2013}}

Demographics and culture

The population of Tsushima Island has been decreasing significantly. Between the years of 1995 and 2000, the decline was 5.2%.^[5] As nuclear families replace the traditional extended families, the average household is smaller, as is the total population.^[5] The elderly comprise nearly a quarter of the population here, compared to 20.8% of the Nagasaki Prefecture as a whole, and 17.3% of the population of Japan.^[5]

Religious traditions on Tsushima Island mirror those of the rest of Japan, with a majority of the population adhering to Buddhism or Shinto.

Years	1975	1980	1985	1990	1995	2000
Total Population	52,472	50,810	48,875	46,064	43,513	41,230
Age 0-14	14,449	12,845	11,615	10,050	8,352	6,834
Age 15-64	33,028	32,528	31,376	29,264	27,145	25,001
Age 65 & older	4,995	5,437	5,884	6,735	8,016	9,395
Households	14,760	15,176	15,232	15,164	15,169	15,038

^[5]

Economy

Many Tsushima residents are employed as fishermen. It is also known for its pearl culture.{{fact|date=December 2018}} The natural environment of the Tsushima Islands also contributes to the local tourism industry.{{fact|date=December 2018}} Beaches are crowded with tourists in the summer.{{fact|date=December 2018}}

Transportation

Airport

Tsushima Airport (TSJ) is approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the city.

Seaport

Tsushima has two sea ports, Izuhara and Hitakatsu. Ferries cross to the port of Hakata on Kyūshū a few times per day. Ferries also travel a few times a week to Busan in South Korea.

Sister cities

Guam (United States of America)
Busan (South Korea)

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.city.tsushima.nagasaki.jp/|title= Official website of Tsushima City|publisher= Tsushima City|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 25 April 2017}}
2. ^US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759&dq= A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].
3. ^List of Japanese Islands {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615084123/http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/201510/shima.pdf |date=2016-06-15 }}
4. ^{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/JP/47800.TXT |title = Izuhara Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = January 6, 2013}}
5. ^¹²³Info on Tsushima Shi

External links

Tsushima City English Webpage
A Profile of Tsushima city

Japanese

Map of Tsushima, general overview
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060505135939/http://www1.ocn.ne.jp/%7Ekurose/ Tsushima's Statistics]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20050423190710/http://www4.ocn.ne.jp/~tsjapo/ Tsushima Airport]
Old pictures of Tsushima
Tsushima Tourist and Product Society

Korean

Tsushima Tourist and Product Society

3 : Cities in Nagasaki Prefecture|Port settlements in Japan|Populated coastal places in Japan

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