| 词条 | Barbacena |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Barbacena |nickname = "BQ" |motto = |image_skyline = Basílica de São José Operário.jpg |image_caption=Basílica de São José Operário |imagesize = |image_flag = Bandeirabarba.gif |image_seal = Brasaobarbacena.gif |image_map = MinasGerais_Municip_Barbacena.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location in Minas Gerais |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_type2 = State |subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}} |subdivision_name1 = Southeast |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Minas Gerais}} |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Luís Alvaro Abrantes Campos (PSB) |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1791 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 759.19 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2013 |population_note = |population_footnotes =[1] |population_total = 132,980 |population_metro = |population_urban = |population_density_km2 = 158 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_demonym = Barbacenense |timezone = UTC-3 |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = UTC-2 |utc_offset_DST = -2 |coordinates = {{coord|21|13|S|43|46|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 1,160 |elevation_ft = |area_code = (+55) 32 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 36200 |website = http://www.barbacena.mg.gov.br/ {{pt icon}} |footnotes = }} Barbacena is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. As of 2013, the municipality had 132,980 inhabitants. The total area of the municipality is {{convert|788|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on|sp=us}}. It is in the foothills of the Serra da Mantiqueira south of the state capital Belo Horizonte at an elevation of {{convert|1,136|m|ft|abbr=on|sp=us}}, making it one of the ten highest cities in Brazil. Located on the important BR-040 highway (also called Rodovia JK), which links Brasília to Rio de Janeiro, it is {{convert|165|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} from the state capital and {{convert|97|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} Juiz de Fora. Barbacena has a humid tropical climate with cool summers due to the elevation. Summer averages are {{convert|24|C|F|abbr=on|sp=us}} and winter averages {{convert|13|C|F|abbr=on|sp=us}}. The cool climate and abundant rainfall have made Barbacena a center for flower production — the city is the biggest producer of flowers in Minas Gerais, and is nicknamed "City of Roses". Cattle raising and the dairy industry are quite developed and the city is a big producer of milk products; there are also several small textile factories. Barbacena is also the home of the Preparatory School of Air Cadets (the sixteenth best high school of the country,[2] which belongs to the Brazilian Air Force) and of a Medical School, Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena (Faculty of Medicine of Barbacena). The city is also famous for the Hospital Colônia de Barbacena, a mental hospital founded in 1903, which was known for its abusive treatment of patients.[3] According to sources, 70% of the patients did not have mental illness,[3] and allegedly 60,000 people died in the hospital.[3] It ceased operations in the mid-1980s. It has been compared to a Nazi concentration camp.[3] Barbacena was the birthplace of the human rights activist and lawyer Heráclito Fontoura Sobral Pinto. Barbacena was a station on the Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas, a narrow gauge railway. HistoryBarbacena was founded on 14 August 1791. In the 19th century, Barbacena was a principal distribution center for the mining districts of Minas Gerais, but this distinction was lost when the railways were extended beyond that point.[4] Sister citiesBarbacena has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:
References1. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2006/POP_2006_DOU.pdf | title = Estimativas das Populações Residentes, em 01.07.2010, Segundo os Municípios | language = Portuguese | publisher = IBGE | accessdate = 2006-09-01| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060922020914/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2006/POP_2006_DOU.pdf| archivedate= 22 September 2006 | deadurl= no}} {{Municipalities of Minas Gerais}}2. ^{{cite web |author=UOL Educação |title=Ranking das 20 melhores escolas do Brasil do Enem 2008 |url=http://educacao.uol.com.br/ultnot/2009/04/28/ult1811u274.jhtm |language=Portuguese |year=2008 |accessdate= 2009-10-06}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|author=Daniela Arbex |title=Holocausto Brasileiro: 50 anos sem punição (Brazilian Holocaust: 50 years without punishment) |url=http://www.tribunademinas.com.br/cidade/holocausto-brasileiro-50-anos-sem-punic-o-1.989343 |language=Portuguese |year=2011 |accessdate=2013-11-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110161848/http://www.tribunademinas.com.br/cidade/holocausto-brasileiro-50-anos-sem-punic-o-1.989343 |archivedate=10 November 2013 |df=dmy }} 4. ^{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Barbacena |volume=3|page=380}} 3 : Barbacena|1791 establishments in Brazil|Populated places established in 1791 |
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