“2017 North Korean missile tests”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

17 missile tests were conducted by North Korea throughout 2017. These tests ranged in success, and included first tests of the DPRK's new missile, the Hwasong-12, which was the most-tested missile type over the course of the year. 2017's missile tests are especially notable due to the several instances of North Korean missiles passing over Japan, provoking a response from the Japanese government, as well as the test of an ICBM, the range of which prompted an Emergency Debate of the UN Security Council.

April

On April 4, 2017, North Korea launched a Hwasong-12 ballistic missile which reached the Sea of Japan.^[1] The test came after a day of celebration for North Korea's Eternal President Kim Il-sung.^[2] US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson responded by saying the United States had not changed its stance on North Korea and would not comment further.^[3]

On April 15, 2017, a Hwasong-12 missile was launched and failed almost immediately, according to the United States Military and the South Korean Armed Forces.^[4]^[5] The US National Security Advisor, H.R. McMaster, said "all options are on the table" as possible reactions.^[6]

On April 28, 2017, another Hwasong-12 missile was launched from Bukchang in the South Pyeongan province, and failed shortly after liftoff. The missile hit the ground in an industrial area around near the city of Tokchon, causing damage to multiple buildings.^[7] This launch occurred only hours after a meeting of the UN Security Council condemned North Korean missile and nuclear testing activities again.^[8] US President Donald Trump called this action disrespectful to China.^[9]

May

On May 14, 2017, a ballistic missile test was carried out. The Hwasong-12 missile flew for 30 minutes, covering a distance of {{convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on}} and reaching an altitude upwards of {{convert|2000|km|mi|abbr=on}}.^[10]^[11]

June

On June 8, 2017 North Korea fired four anti-ship missiles off its east coast, near the port city of Wonsan.^[12]

July

On July 4, 2017 North Korea tested an ICBM. The missile flew for approximately 40 minutes, falling {{convert|930|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the launch site in the Sea of Japan.^[13] The missile, named the Hwasong-14, reached an altitude of {{convert|2,802|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It is estimated that the missile has the capability of reaching {{convert|6,700|km|mi|abbr=on}} on a standard trajectory, meaning that although it would not be capable of reaching the Contiguous United States, it would be able to hit anywhere in Alaska.^[14] The test prompted an Emergency Debate of the United Nations Security Council.^[15]

On July 28, 2017, North Korea launched an additional ballistic missile from Chagang Province, reaching an altitude of 3,000 km (1,865 mi). Jeffrey Lewis, researcher at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, estimated that the missile could have a range of approximately 10,000 km based on its 45-minute flight time. With this range, the missile could potentially reach major U.S. cities such as Denver and Chicago. This is the fourteenth missile test conducted by North Korea in the year 2017.^[16] As with the missile launched on July 4, this missile has also been estimated to be of type Hwasong-14.^[17]

August

On August 26, 2017, three short-range missiles were launched around early morning from a site in Gangwon Province, with the second one appearing to have blown up almost immediately while another two flew about 250 km (155 miles) in a north-eastern direction, before crashing in the Sea of Japan.^[18]^[19]

Mid-range launch over Japan

On August 29, 2017, at 5:57 am KST, North Korea launched a Hwasong-12 ballistic missile that passed over Hokkaido, the second largest island of Japan.^[21] The missile travelled {{convert|2700|km|miles}} and reached a maximum height of {{convert|550|km|miles}}.^[22] This was the second successful test flight of the Hwasong-12 missile, following three failed tests.^[23]

Japanese citizens living beneath the missile’s flight path received a J-Alert message on their cellphones at 6:02 a.m., just four minutes after the projectile was launched, rousing some from sleep.^[23]

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe called this test "a reckless act of launching a missile that flies over our country is an unprecedented, serious and important threat."^[24] North Korea had previously carefully avoided sending test missiles over Japan by using highly lofted trajectories, and had sent more recent satellite launches to the south avoiding Japan.^[26] The missile was at an altitude of about {{convert|500|km|miles}} over Japan, well into space, and the Japanese military did not attempt to shoot down the missile.^[25]

The missile was launched from Pyongyang Sunan International Airport, presumably using a mobile launcher. It reportedly broke into three parts before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean; it is unclear if this was intentional.^[26] Given North Korea's geographical position, for a non-lofted test flight at this range there was no other practical alternative to passing over Japan.^[26]

This was the fifth time North Korea fired a rocket over the Japanese archipelago,^[27]^[28]^[29] although this launch was the first missile launch, as the previous four were satellite launches or attempts.^[30]

September

On September 15 at about 6:30am KST, North Korea fired a Hwasong-12 missile from the Pyongyang International Airport, which, for a second time, overflew Hokkaido, Japan.^[31] The missile traveled {{convert|3700|km|miles}} and reached a maximum height of {{convert|770|km|miles}}; this is the furthest distance any North Korean IRBM missile has ever reached.^[32]

November

On November 28, North Korea launched another ballistic missile, a Hwasong-15, the first in over two months. The missile was said to have reached an altitude of 4,500 km and landed near Japan’s exclusive economic zone.^[33] According to Yonhap News, Korean Air flights KE026 and KE012 witnessed lights presumably from separated portions of the missile.^[34]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39499007 |title=North Korean missile fired ahead of US-China summit |date=2017-04-05 |language=en-GB |access-date=2017-04-05 |work=BBC News |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405000811/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39499007 |archivedate=2017-04-05 }}
2. ^{{cite web|last=Park |first=Ju-min |last2=Kim |first2=Jack |title=N.Korea test-fires missile into sea ahead of Trump-Xi summit |website=Reuters India |date=2017-04-05 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/northkorea-missiles-idINKBN1762YA |accessdate=2017-04-06 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406045401/http://in.reuters.com/article/northkorea-missiles-idINKBN1762YA |archivedate=2017-04-06 }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2017/04/269465.htm |title=North Korean Missile Launch |date=April 4, 2017 |website=www.state.gov |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428055036/https://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2017/04/269465.htm |archivedate=April 28, 2017 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/15/asia/north-korea-missile-test/index.html |title=North Korean missile test fails, US and South Korea say |author=Paula Hancocks, Barbara Starr and Steve Almasy |date=April 16, 2017 |publisher=CNN |accessdate=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416050203/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/15/asia/north-korea-missile-test/index.html |archivedate=April 16, 2017 }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/north-korean-missile-launch-fails-almost-immediately-u-s-military-n747006 |title=North Korean Missile Launch Fails ‘Almost Immediately’, U.S. Military Says |author=Courtney Kube, Stella Kim |date=April 16, 2017 |publisher=NBC News |accessdate=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415234002/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/north-korean-missile-launch-fails-almost-immediately-u-s-military-n747006 |archivedate=April 15, 2017 }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/16/politics/hr-mcmaster-north-korea/index.html |title=McMaster: All options on table in regard to North Korea |author=Kevin Bohn |date=April 16, 2017 |publisher=CNN |accessdate=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416142118/http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/16/politics/hr-mcmaster-north-korea/index.html |archivedate=April 16, 2017 }}
7. ^{{cite web|title=When a North Korean Missile Accidentally Hit a North Korean City|author=Ankit Panda and Dave Schmerler |date=January 3, 2018|publisher=The Diplomat|accessdate=January 4, 2018|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/when-a-north-korean-missile-accidentally-hit-a-north-korean-city/ }}
8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39750240 |title=North Korea crisis: North in another 'failed' missile launch |work=BBC News |date=April 29, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429123417/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39750240 |archivedate=April 29, 2017 }}
9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/28/north-korea-test-fires-ballistic-missile |title=North Korea missile test: regime has 'disrespected China', says Trump |work=The Guardian |date=April 29, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429105143/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/28/north-korea-test-fires-ballistic-missile |archivedate=April 29, 2017 }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39911530 |title=North Korea carries out new ballistic missile test |date=14 May 2017 |publisher= |via=www.bbc.co.uk |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514225048/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39911530 |archivedate=14 May 2017 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.38north.org/2017/05/jschilling052417-2/ |title=North Korea’s New Hwasong-12 Missile |first=John |last=Schilling |date=May 24, 2017 |publisher=38 North}}
12. ^{{cite news|last1=Westcott |first1=Ben |title=North Korea launches 4 anti-ship missiles, fourth test in a month |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/07/asia/north-korea-missiles-launch/index.html |accessdate=21 June 2017 |work=CNN |date=June 8, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621051518/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/07/asia/north-korea-missiles-launch/index.html |archivedate=21 June 2017 }}
13. ^{{cite web|title=North Korea hails 'successful ICBM' test|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40491138|website=BBC News|accessdate=4 July 2017|date=4 July 2017}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-04/north-korea-claims-first-ever-intercontinental-ballistic-missile/8677402|title=North Korea claims it tested first intercontinental ballistic missile|last=|first=|date=4 July 2017|website=ABC News|access-date=4 July 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|last1=Finnegan|first1=Conor|title=US threatens military action at emergency UN meeting on North Korea|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/security-council-hold-emergency-meeting-north-korea/story?id=48449002|website=ABC News|accessdate=6 July 2017|date=5 July 2017}}
16. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40757780 |title=North Korea conducts new intercontinental missile test |newspaper=BBC News Online |date=28 July 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.38north.org/2017/08/jschilling080117/ |title=What Next for North Korea’s ICBM? |publisher=38 North |date=August 1, 2017 |first=John |last=Schilling}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=North Korea fires three missiles into sea|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41058152|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=26 August 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=North Korea launches trio of missiles amidst US-South Korea military drills|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/25/asia/north-korea-fires-projectile/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=26 August 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web |title=N. Korea's missile could be advanced IRBM: defense minister |date=August 29, 2017 |work=The Mainichi |quote=Onodera added that the latest missile flew on a regular trajectory, unlike the North's recent missiles that followed a "lofted" trajectory. |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20170829/p2a/00m/0na/018000c}}
21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/28/north-korea-fires-missile-japan|title=North Korea fires missile over Japan|agency=Reuters|date=August 28, 2017|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=August 28, 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-distance-idUSKCN1B82CB|title=North Korea ballistic missile flew 2,700 km: South Korea military|publisher=Reuters|date=August 28, 2017|access-date=August 28, 2017}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/29/world/asia/japan-north-korea-missile-warning.html|title=Japan Wakes to a Text Message: Missile Approaching|first=Motoko|last=Rich|date=August 29, 2017|publisher=nytimes.com|accessdate=August 30, 2017}}
24. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/28/north-korea-fires-missile-japan-warns-citizens-take-precautions/ |title='All options are on the table': Donald Trump says world has received North Korea's message 'loud and clear' after Kim Jong-un fires missile over Japan |author1=Barney Henderson|author2=Julian Ryall|author3=Neil Connor|author4=Chris Graham |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=August 29, 2017 |accessdate=August 30, 2017}}
25. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/05/us-shoot-down-north-korea-missile-couldnt-wests-capability |title=Why didn't the US shoot down North Korea's missile? Maybe it couldn't |last=Pollack |first=Joshua |newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 September 2017 |accessdate=8 September 2017}}
26. ^¹²{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/29/missile-north-korea-fired-japan-warning-guam/ |title=What was the missile North Korea fired over Japan and was it a warning to Guam? |last=Ryall |first=Julian |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=29 August 2017 |accessdate=31 August 2017}}
27. ^{{cite news |title=N. Korea fires missile over Japan |quote=This is the first time that a North Korean missile has flown over the Japanese archipelago since February 2016, when a North Korean satellite launch flew over Okinawa Prefecture. It was the fifth time overall. |date=August 29, 2017 |work=Japan News |publisher=Yomiuri Shimbun |url=http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003909099 |access-date=2017-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901114945/http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003909099 |archive-date=2017-09-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
28. ^{{cite news |title=Editorial: Japan needs to push for urgent diplomatic solution to N. Korea issue |date=August 30, 2017 |work=The Mainichi |publisher=Mainichi Shimbun |quote=This was the fifth time that a North Korean missile flew over the Japanese archipelago. In the past, North Korea had indicated in advance that it would launch what it called "rockets," apart from its first missile launch in 1998. |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20170830/p2a/00m/0na/021000c}}
29. ^{{cite news |title=Japan, US look to cut off North Korea's oil supply |date=August 30, 2017 |work=Nikkei Asian Review |quote=Though this marks the fifth time North Korean missiles have flown over Japan, key differences from past cases indicate that the threat is greater this time. |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Pyongyang-provocation/Japan-US-look-to-cut-off-North-Korea-s-oil-supply |access-date=2017-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901085545/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Pyongyang-provocation/Japan-US-look-to-cut-off-North-Korea-s-oil-supply |archive-date=2017-09-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
30. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/north-koreas-missile-test-over-japan |title=North Korea's Missile Test over Japan |last=Wright |first=David |publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists |date=August 29, 2017 |accessdate=August 30, 2017}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-41275614|title=North Korea 'fires missile from Pyongyang'|date=15 September 2017|work=BBC|access-date=15 September 2017|language=en-GB}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/14/world/asia/north-korea-missile.html|title=North Korea Launches Another Missile, Escalating Crisis|last=Sang-Hun|first=Choe|date=2017-09-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-09-15|last2=Sanger|first2=David E.|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
33. ^http://reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1DS2MB
34. ^{{cite news |last=Dong-kyu |first=Kim |date=November 29, 2017 |title=대한항공 여객기도 목격한 北 미사일?…"日 영공서 불빛 봤다" |url=http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2017/11/29/0200000000AKR20171129174251003.HTML |language=Korean |newspaper=Yonhap news |accessdate=2017-11-30}}