| 词条 | Achalinus niger |
| 释义 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Achalinus niger | authority = Maki, 1931[2] | range_map = Achalinus niger distribution.png }}Achalinus niger, common name black odd-scaled snake[1][2][5] or black burrowing snake,[3] is a snake in family Xenodermatidae[4] that is endemic to Taiwan.[1][2][5][6] Distribution and phylogeographyThis Taiwan endemic is widespread at elevations of {{convert|1000|–|3000|m|abbr=on}} asl.[1][2][5] Genetic analyses have indicated three distinct clades, a northern one from the Xueshan Range, a southern one from the Alishan Range and southern Central Mountain Range, and Meifeng, a small but very distinct location at the middle of the Central Mountain Range.[7] DescriptionAchalinus niger is a small snake growing to a total length of about {{convert|80|cm|abbr=on}}. The whole body is iridescent under light. Head is small, oval, and without distinct neck. Body is slender and tail is moderately short. Eyes are small, bead-like; iris is black and indistinct. Upper head, body and tail is uniform olive, grayish tan, or black. Mid-dorsal row of scales on body and tail show a dark longitudinal line. Ventral surface is olive-yellow or dark gray. The young are usually black.[5]BehaviourIt is a nocturnal and terrestrial snake that preys on earthworms, slugs, and frogs. It is non-venomous and not aggressive.[5] Female lays about seven eggs weighing about {{convert|1.6|g|abbr=on}} each.[5][3] Habitat and conservationAchalinus niger occurs in forests, and sometimes, in caves. It is often found in dark and wet microhabitats such in leaf litter or rotten logs.[1][5]No significant threats are known.[1] It is a Class II protected species.[1][5] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal | author = Jiang, J. | author2 = Lau, M.W.N. | author3 = Rao, D.-q. | author4 = Guo, P. | last-author-amp = yes | title = Achalinus niger | journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume= 2012 | page = e.T192192A2053578 | publisher = IUCN | year = 2012 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192192A2053578.en}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2822988}}2. ^1 2 3 {{NRDB species|genus=Achalinus |species=niger |accessdate=22 October 2015}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Wen-San |year=1995 |title=Notes on egg clutch size of the black burrowing snake, Achalinus niger |journal=Journal of Taiwan Museum |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=105–108}} 4. ^In earlier classifications, subfamily Xenodermatinae, family Colubridae. See e.g. {{ITIS|id=700178 |taxon=Xenodontinae Cope, 1895 |accessdate=22 October 2015}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|author=Hans Breuer|author2=William Christopher Murphy|last-author-amp=yes |date=2009–2010 |url= http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Achalinus%20niger/species_achalinus_niger.htm |title=Achalinus niger|work=Snakes of Taiwan |accessdate=22 October 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/eng/taibnet_species_detail.php?name_code=380629 |title=Achalinus niger Maki, 1931 |author=K. T. Shao |year= |work=Catalogue of life in Taiwan |publisher=Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan |accessdate=22 October 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book |title=Phylogeography of Odd-scaled Snake Achalinus in Taiwan |last=Shie |first=Jia-Rung |year=2006 |publisher=Masters thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University |pages=53 |url=http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/getfile?URN=etd-0725106-173423&filename=etd-0725106-173423.pdf}} 4 : Xenodermidae|Reptiles of Taiwan|Endemic fauna of Taiwan|Reptiles described in 1931 |
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