| 词条 | Virgin Megastores | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| name = Virgin Megastores | logo = | type = Private | genre = | foundation = Oxford Street | founder = (Sir) Richard Branson | location_city = London | location_country = England | location = | locations = Various | area_served = Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Oman | key_people = | industry = Retail | products = Books Consoles DVDs Games Magazines Music T-Shirts Tickets | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = Virgin Group | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = Virgin Megastores International portal | footnotes = }} Virgin Megastores is an international entertainment retailing chain, founded in early 1976 by (Sir) Richard Branson as a record shop on London's Oxford Street. In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Tottenham Court Road.[1] The company expanded to hundreds of stores worldwide in the 1990s, but has lost a large number of stores in recent years, largely with the sale and eventual closing of the UK, US, Irish, Canadian, Australian, Italian, Spanish, French, Greek and Japanese stores. By 2015, current operations are exclusively in the Middle East and in North Africa, consisting of approximately 40 stores.[2] {{TOClimit|4}}History{{further|Virgin Megastores UK}}Branson's early business venturesRichard Branson and Nik Powell had initially run a small record shop called Virgin Records and Tapes on Notting Hill Gate, London, specialising particularly in "krautrock" imports, and offering bean bags and free vegetarian food for the benefit of customers listening to the music on offer.[3] After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, Virgin Records. The name Virgin, according to Branson (in his autobiography), arose from a colleague of his when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin – as they were all new to business – like "virgins". The first release on the label was the progressive rock album Tubular Bells by multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield in 1973. Virgin MegastoresVirgin's first formal store opened on London's Oxford Street in January or February 1971 (exact date uncertain). In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Marble Arch. Virgin Megastores and Virgin Records operate as entirely separate entities, like many of the other Virgin companies. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Virgin Megastores opened over 100 stores in the UK, and many others around the world, including expansion into Asia Pacific and North America, under the leadership of Ian Duffell - President & CEO of Virgin Entertainment Group until 1998.[4] Simon Wright - Chief Executive of the Virgin Entertainment Group from 1999 to 2009 was instrumental in the growth of the stores in particular developing the stores in the Middle East before their eventual disposals under license detailed under Ownership. OwnershipLike many of Branson's Virgin brands, Virgin Megastores is not wholly owned by the Virgin Group. During the early to mid-2000s Virgin Group decided to sell off most of its Virgin Megastores to various companies, including the Lagardere Group. By 2001 the Virgin Megastores worldwide were split between the Virgin Group and the Lagardère Group.[5] The Virgin Group kept the United Kingdom, Ireland, United States and Japan outlets while the Lagardère Group obtained the shops in France and travel retail locations globally including Australia, China, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Greece, Italy, Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan.[6] Virgin Megastores in the Middle East currently trades as V Star Multimedia LLC.[7] Culture Convenience Club owns what was Virgin Megastores Japan, which have since been rebranded as Tsutaya. The Australian Virgin Megastores and Virgin at Myer concept stores were operated by Brazin Limited.[8] (Sanity Entertainment after 2009) until all were closed in 2010; Brazin also ran local HMV outlets, in addition to their own Sanity brand. In December 2007 Butler Capital Partners announced their intention to mount a majority takeover of the French arm of Virgin from Lagardère. This deal was finalised in February 2008.[9] In 2007 the real estate company Related Companies and Vornado Realty Trust acquired Virgin Megastores North America.[10] Related and Vornado happened to be the landlords for the two most profitable stores in the United States and those stores were profitable because they had long term leases in which rents were locked in at an extremely low rate. Both real estate companies wanted to break the leases and replace Virgin with new tenants that were willing to pay the then current highly inflated rental rates that would make an entertainment retail business unprofitable.[11] They have since made the decision to close all of the American stores.
Store experienceProduct rangeVirgin shops have a wide selection of CDs, games, books, DVDs, vinyl records, magazines, portable media players, accessories and additional products such as calendars, board games and Virgin branded items. Larger stores also stock electronic equipment and computer peripherals. Note that not all of these product categories are stocked by all Virgin shops, though the larger stores do generally stock the full product range. In 2003, all US Stores increased their focus on multiple fashion categories[17] spanning Pop culture, Street, Urban, Movie & TV to complement the music, DVD and video games offers. Virgin Mobile products can also be found in separately run Virgin Mobile Concessions within most Virgin Megastores.[18][19] Some shops also house cafes or coffee shops run by external companies.[20] TechnologyIn 2005, Virgin Digital was launched to cater for those that bought their music digitally or wanted to rip and burn their current music collection. This is designed to add to the services provided by Virgin, rather than replace the Megastores.[21] The download service faced some criticism from consumer groups due to its incompatibility with the popular iPod music player. The service has since been discontinued.[22] Around the world there were other Virgin branded digital music retail websites, such as VirginMega.fr, France's number 2 music download website. OperationsEuropeAustriaIn 2003, the first and only Virgin Megastore in Vienna, Mariahilferstraße, was sold and closed.[23] FranceThere were 35 Virgin Megastores in France. 12 additional stores in France were branded Furet du Nord, and about 10 international stores were owned by the same company. The French Megastore business was launched in 1988 by Branson and Patrick Zelnick, CEO of music publisher Naïve. Lagardère Group bought the chain in 2001. In December 2007 Butler Capital Partners announced their intention to mount a majority takeover of the French arm of Virgin from Lagardère.[24] This deal was finalised in February 2008.[9] According to the Lagardère 2007 report, 80% of the Virgin stores was to be sold by Lagardère Services at a value of €76.4 million, and 20% would be kept. Prior to this sale 51% of VirginMega, France's number 2 music download website, was transferred to the Virgin Stores company (sold to Butler), and the remaining 49% was kept by Lagardère Active.[25]In July 2012, LS Travel Retail announced that they will phase out the Virgin Entertainment brand in France, commencing 2013, converting all remaining Virgin travel outlets into larger sized Fnac formats stocking the same range in addition to more product lines.[26][27] In January 2013, Virgin Megastore France filed for bankruptcy. At that time there were 26 Megastores in France, employing 1,000 people, after two years of cutting over 200 staff and several shops. The company had taken steps to terminate the lease on its flagship Champs-Élysées store in Paris after 25 years on the famous street.[28][29][30] In June 2013 the company was finally liquidated and ceased operations after 25 years.[31] GermanyVirgin Megastore withdrew from the German market in 1994, amid complaints that the country's shop-closing law was too restrictive.[32] Virgin returned to Germany with a new store, Virgin Books and Music, that opened in the Berlin Hauptbahnhof central station in Berlin in May 2006. There are now 5 Virgin Stores in Germany, operated by HDS Retail.{{citation needed|date=October 2015|reason=Are there any evidence that these stores are still opened? This statement might be dated.}} GreeceAs of June 2005 there were 15 Virgin Megastores in Greece, operated by Vivere Entertainment.[33] As of 2015, no Virgin Megastores exist in the country. HungaryIn 1996, local merchandising group Fotex opened the first and only Hungarian Virgin Megastore (1000 m2) in the first "western" shopping mall, Duna Plaza, in Budapest.[34][35] It was operated under a franchise until 2000. Between 2001 and 2006, Fotex operated the store as "Hungaroton Gigastore". The shop was closed in 2006 and no more Virgin Megastore shops were opened in Hungary. ItalyIn February 2004 the Virgin Megastore, in Piazza Duomo Milan, closed.[36] Currently this building is occupied by Mondadori retail store. Up to May 2004, of the 4 retail points in Italy, only the store of Bergamo survived for a few months.[37] The NetherlandsVirgin Megastores entered the Dutch market in the 1990s and operated four stores (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Maastricht). In 2000, it decided to exit the market. Three stores were sold to the Free Record Shop group, while the Maastricht branch was closed. Free Record Shop also acquired three Virgin Megastores in Belgium.[38][39] SpainIn June 1998 the 9 Virgin Megastores closed including its southern European flagship store in Barcelona. Currently this building is occupied by Zara clothes store. UK / IrelandThe first Virgin Megastore opened in the United Kingdom in 1979 and between the 1980s and 1990s, the chain grew, including via its merger with Our Price whilst under the ownership of WH Smith. By the 1990s Virgin Megastores had become an international franchise as part of the Virgin Group. The Virgin Group sought to sell its UK and Ireland stores during 2007, and on 17 September 2007, it was announced that the UK and Ireland arm of the Virgin Megastores brand was to break away from the Virgin Group. A management buy-out offer was accepted.[40] Stores were rebranded as Zavvi. Following the collapse of Woolworths, which owned Zavvi's supplier Entertainment UK, Zavvi entered administration on 24 December 2008 as it had been unable to source stock from other suppliers under favourable terms.[41] By February 2009 Zavvi had closed its stores, selling some to rival HMV, and a few to Simon Douglas and Les Whitfield's Head Entertainment. TurkeyVirgin entered the Turkish market in March 2011 with a store located in the Demirören shopping centre on Istiklal Street near Taksim, Istanbul. The product mix of books, digital media and electronics failed to compete with better established chains and the store closed in autumn 2012.[42] Arab worldThe Azadea Group of Beirut, Lebanon has an exclusive license since 2001 to operate Virgin Megastores in many countries within the Middle East, except for countries which already have a franchise.[43] Operating as Virgin Megastores Middle East, Azadea has stores in UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Egypt, and Jordan. Megastores of Lebanon S.A.L. has an exclusive franchise to operate Virgin Megastores in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. Best Financière (Label Vie Carrefour) of Rabat has an exclusive license to operate Virgin Megastores within Morocco.[49] Since 2010, Best has been opening a new store nearly every year. Antar Group of Damascus has an exclusive to operate Virgin Megastores in Syria since 2007.[49] Since the Syrian Civil War has caused most normal economic activities to virtually cease in the country since 2011, all megastores in the country are currently closed and may not return until political stability returns. LebanonVirgin's main store in Lebanon is located in the old Cinema Opera on Martyrs' Square, Beirut Central District; it opened on 3 July 2001. The four level store's inauguration was attended by Virgin's founder Sir Richard Branson.[44][52] There are also smaller stores at ABC Mall Achrafieh, ABC Mall Dbayeh, ABC Mall Verdun, CityMall Dora, as well as in Beirut International Airport.[45] New stores were opened in ABC Mall Dbayeh in November 2012[46] and ABC Mall Verdun in November 2017.[47] Saudi ArabiaFirst megastore in Riyadh opened in February 2015[48] As of 20 December 2015, there are four Virgin Megastores in Saudi Arabia. They are located on Tahliah Street in the Roshana Centre, Red Sea Mall and on in Jeddah domestic airport in Jeddah and there's one at Dhahran Mall Eastern Province BahrainAs of September 2008, there is currently one Virgin Megastore in Bahrain. It is in the Bahrain City Centre. EgyptThe first Egyptian store was opened at the City Stars Mall in Cairo in October 2005.[49][50] Six years later, a second location was opened at the Mall of Arabia in 6th of October City in December 2011.[51] A third location was opened at the Festival City Mall in Cairo in June 2015.[52] And the 4th and newest branch opened in Mall of Egypt on 27 September 2017.{{citation needed|date=October 2017|reason=both mall and Virgin website does not support claim}} KuwaitThe first location in Kuwait opened in 2002.[61] As of May 2008, there were two Virgin Megastores in Kuwait: one at Marina Mall in Salmiya, and one at the airport. However, by late 2011 the airport branch was shut down, while the second branch shut down in March 2012.[53] QatarVirgin Megastores currently has two stores in Qatar, with one being located in the Villaggio Mall (an Italian-themed mall), Doha which is the shopping centre's main anchor. In November 2008 they opened a smaller store in a shopping centre called Landmark.[54] United Arab EmiratesThe first Virgin Megastore in the United Arab Emirates in September 2001 at the Deira City Centre in Dubai, two months after the opening in Beirut.[55][56] A few months later, the second store in the country was opened in Abu Dhabi in October 2001.[57] A fourth store in UAE opened in Jumeirah in 2002.[58] By October 2005, there were four stores in the UAE, with stores at the Deira City Center, at Burjuman and at Mercato Mall in Dubai and at the Abu Dhabi Mall in Abu Dhabi.[68][59] A month later, Branson was present at the Virgin Megastores opening at the Mall of the Emirates in Dubai.[60][61] Sometime between 2009 and 2010, the ownership for the Virgin Megastore franchise in the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East was transferred from Star Multimedia[62] to Virgin Megastores Middle East, Azadea Group.[63] By May 2010, stores were also added at the Mirdif City Centre and at the Jumeira Beach residence in Dubai to make a total of seven stores in the UAE.[64] The eighth store in the UAE was opened in September 2011 at the Dubai Mall in Dubai.[65][66] The Jumeirah Beach residence appeared to have been closed sometime before September 2012, bring the store count back down to seven.[67] A second store in Abu Dhabi opened at the Al Wahda Mall in November 2012.[68][69][70] As of November 2012, there were eight Virgin Megastores in the UAE[50] six of which are located in Dubai. In December 2014, a store was opened at the Yas Mall in Abu Dhabi.[71] The thirteenth store in the UAE was opened at the Al Jimi Mall in Al Ain in July 2015.[72][73] As well as being an all-rounded entertainment retailer, these Megastores also act as venues, with artist signings/appearances, performances and quiz nights and a newly launched boutique section offering everything from movie memorabilia to jewellery.[54] This store is quite popular among locals and expats in the country, as this is the only store where they sell more music than most stores in the country, which also explains why the country has more branches than the other Gulf countries. JordanThe first Virgin Megastore in Jordan opened in Amman at the City Mall in September 2007.[74] A second location, also in Amman, was opened at the Taj Mall in October 2015.[75] MoroccoIn 2007, Best Financière (Label Vie Carrefour) of Rabat received a franchise from Lagardère to operate Virgin Megastores in Morocco.[49] The first store in Morocco opened at the Almazar mall in Marrakech in April 2010.[76][77] A second store was opened in Rabat (Kitéa Géant Mall) in December 2012[78][79] which was quickly followed weeks later by the openings of two additional stores in Casablanca (AnfaPlace Shopping Center) and Fez (Borj Fez Mall).[80] A fifth store was opened in downtown Casablanca in September 2015.[81][82] In August 2016, a sixth store was opened on the property of a Carrefour Store located in the Sidi Maârouf Neighbourhood next to the city of Casablanca.[83] SyriaIn 2007, Antar Group of Damascus was awarded a franchise by Lagardère to operate Virgin Megastores in Syria.[84] The Antar Group was in the process of opening a store in the Al Shahba Mall in Aleppo[85] when the Syrian Civil War broke out in 2011. The business has since closed after the mall had been heavily damaged during the fighting.[86][87] OmanThe first Virgin Megastore in Oman opened in Muscat in November 2015 at the Muscat City Centre.[13] North AmericaUnited StatesIn 1992, the Virgin Group and Blockbuster entered into a joint venture to set up the first Virgin Megastore on Sunset Strip in Los Angeles, which was closed in 2008.[88][89] The US Megastore business was launched in 1992 by Richard Branson and Ian Duffell, CEO of Virgin Entertainment Group. At its peak, there were 23 Megastores in the U.S.[4] which generated $310 million annually.[90] The U.S. stores were purchased by Related Companies and Vornado Realty Trust in 2007 for the purpose of closing the stores and to break the long term long rental leases.[11] Store closuresUnder new ownership, eleven stores were gradually closed in 2007. On 2 March 2009, it was announced that all Virgin Megastores in the United States would close.[91][92][93] The store at Arden Fair Mall in Sacramento, CA closed in 2005 and was converted to an Urban Outfitters, while the Grapevine Mills location was closed at the end of 2008. Related Companies announced that the Virgin Megastore flagship store in Times Square would close by April 2009, with the space being replaced by Forever 21.[94] On 25 February 2009 it was announced that the stores in San Francisco and Union Square (New York) would close in April and May, respectively,[95] and the announcement of all stores closing followed soon thereafter.[96] On 12 May 2009, the Virgin Megastore at Downtown Disney at Walt Disney World closed permanently. As of September 2012, the last remaining Virgin Books & Music outlet operated in Terminal 3 at John F. Kennedy International Airport.[97] Both airport locations closed by the middle of 2013.[98] The JFK Airport location was closed by the time Terminal 3 was demolished and converted into a parking lot in 2013.[99] In-storesMost locations included an in-store radio station, branded Virgin Radio. U.S. Virgin Radio was not a broadcast radio station, but a DJ operated hard-lines system which broadcast throughout the store, and the complex in which the store was located. At the Times Square location, DJ selections were heard on the retail floor, in the office areas, processing areas, and even out on the shop's Broadway sidewalk frontage. All employees of the U.S. Virgin Megastores could be identified by their trademark red or black t-shirts which had the Virgin logo on the front and the word STAFF on the back, as well as required lanyards with their first name printed on them. TechnologyThe Virgin Megastore chain in the U.S. had a different GSA look-up system to other the international arms of the chain. This system was a private network that linked all North American stores, updating each shop's product inventory every 24 to 48 hours. The GSA was reportedly accessible from the internet. American Virgin Megastores implemented a near real-time data warehouse in 2004. The data warehouse named 'Crescendo' collects POS transactions, along with customer traffic counts and generates KPI reports in near real-time. The near real-time information helped the managers identify trends quicker and react accordingly. The U.S. stores shared their experience with the real-time warehouse and the UK stores also used similar process. Virgin Megastore (U.S.) had a Customer Loyalty Program named 'Virgin V.I.P.' The Program used a read/write 'GraphiCard'. Every time a member purchase is made, the Graphicard was swiped through the POS Graphicard Terminal. Members points were instantly updated on the face of the card.[100] The website shared the loyalty program with the U.S. stores. WebsiteVirgin Megastores U.S. website is VirginMega.com. In 2002 this website became co-branded with Amazon.com, and was powered by Amazon.[101] Later in 2002 VirginMega.co.jp, the Japanese equivalent, followed suit. In 2007 the website was again changed, when Virgin Megastores partnered with Baker & Taylor.[102] On 31 May 2009 VirginMega.com ceased operating. CanadaThe first and only Virgin Megastore in Canada opened in December 1996 at 750 Burrard Street, at the corner of Robson Street and Burrard Street in Vancouver, British Columbia. The {{convert|40000|sqft|m2|adj=on}}, three-level store was located in Downtown Vancouver, the city's busiest and most prestigious retail destination. The building was previously home to the central branch of the Vancouver Public Library. The Virgin Megastore ceased its operations in Vancouver on 4 September 2005 when on 28 June 2005, HMV Canada announced it was planning to expand the store and rebrand the location into the HMV brand. The acquisition took effect immediately after the closure and on 5 September 2005, HMV was opened.[103] With the dominance of HMV in Canada, Virgin thus decided to exit the Canadian market entirely.[104] This Vancouver HMV location would later close in 2012.[105] There were also plans to build its second Canadian store at Metropolis (later Toronto Life Square, now 10 Dundas East) in Downtown Toronto, just south of the since-closed Sam the Record Man flagship store as well as HMV's existing Toronto flagship. However, the exit from Canada resulted in the cancellation of these plans. An Adidas Performance store stands where Virgin would have.[106] OceaniaAustraliaThe first Australian Megastore was launched in 1988 by Richard Branson and Ian Duffell, CEO Virgin Megastores Asia-Pacific. Between 1988 and 1992 Megastores were opened in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. In 1992, the Virgin Group and Blockbuster Inc. entered into a joint venture.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} This lasted until Virgin sold their interest in the six stores to Blockbuster, who promptly rebranded them in 1993 to Blockbuster Music.[88][107][108] In October 2001, Ian Duffell, Managing Director of Brazin Limited (owner of Australia's largest entertainment retailer, Sanity) reintroduced Virgin Megastores in the country via two related transactions with the Virgin Group,[8] acquiring 77 troubled Our Price music stores in the UK for a symbolic £2, and in turn gaining exclusive license rights in Australia for Virgin Entertainment,[109] initially setting up the first Virgin Megastore on Chapel Street's, The Jam Factory in April 2002. Brazin also intended to use the Virgin brand to open 45 new Megastores in addition to converting 55 of its existing small-scale IN2 Music stores that had not already been rebranded as Sanity. Yet, the programme stalled as Brazin battled internal disruptions and struggled to separate the target-markets for Virgin and its chain of more than 200 Sanity stores (at the time). As a result, the company's entertainment division posted a $27 million loss in financial year, 2002–03, and by mid-2004, Brazin had only managed to open 12 Virgin Megastores.[108][110][111][112][113] In September 2003, Brazin sold out of its 118-store Sanity UK (former Our Price and VShop outlets) store network to Primemist Limited. In July 2004, Brazin entered into an agreement with Coles Myer to open 62 Virgin concept stores within the Myer department store chain. Brazin agreed to buy all of Myer's remaining CD and DVD stock, recruit, train and pay their own staff, and work within Myer's systems and promotions. These concept stores were marketed separately to stand-alone Virgin Megastores (due to their more limited stock availability) and branded, Virgin at Myer. This solved Brazin's problem since 2002 by separating the Virgin and Sanity target markets by making Virgin more "family orientated" while leaving Sanity's "street edge" to continue.[110][111] Exactly a year later, Brazin stated that after a rocky start (with staff recruitment issues and aligning products with the typical Myer customer), Virgin at Myer was up 45 per cent on comparative sales and was performing well.[114] In December 2004, HDS Retail Asia Pacific opened Australia's first Virgin Books and Music travel outlet at Melbourne Airport. Since then, the company – now known as LS Travel Retail – opened another five Virgin outlets at other major capital city airports in addition to one railway outlet at Southern Cross station in Melbourne.[115][116] Yet, by early 2012, all of these stores have been closed.[117] By mid-2010, Sanity Entertainment (formally Brazin Limited) closed all Virgin Megastores. Also, in August of that year, all Virgin at Myer concept stores stopped operating under the Virgin brand due to Sanity Entertainment not renewing their contract with Myer Holdings (formally Coles Myer) and were either closed or converted back into a basic audio/visual department operated by Myer (in 2011, these non-branded audio/visual departments were later closed by Myer anyway).[118] Sanity elected to exit the Virgin brand despite the licensing deal running until 2015. Virgin Entertainment's Australian peak was reached in 2006 with 24 Virgin Megastores, 62 Virgin at Myer outlets, and 2 Virgin Books and Music stores in operation. As of September 2012, Australia contains no more Virgin Entertainment outlets. AsiaJapanIn 1990 Virgin Megastores Japan Limited was started as a 50/50 venture between Marui and the Virgin Entertainment Group. In September 1990, the first Japanese Virgin Megastore opened in Shinjuku. During the 1990s, more Megastores were opened all over Japan. On 19 September 2002, following its American counterpart, the VirginMega.co.jp website became powered by Amazon.co.jp.[119] This website has since disappeared. In 2005 Culture Convenience Club bought Virgin Megastore's operations (totalling 22 stores) in Japan from Marui Co.[120] By November 2008 the number of Virgin Megastores in Japan had lessened to 15. Culture Convenience Club's licensing contract with Virgin Group for the use of the Virgin Megastore brand had expired, and there was no desire to renew it. As of November 2008 Culture Convenience Club's subsidiary company, Tsutaya Stores Holdings Co., is expected to acquire Virgin Megastores Japan Co. Virgin Megastores Japan are to be rebranded as Tsutaya by early 2009.[121][122] ChinaIn November 2007, HDS Retail Asia Pacific (now known as LS Travel Retail) opened China's first and only Virgin Books and Music travel outlet at Hongqiao International Airport in Shanghai. As of June 2012, it is still in operation.[123][124]{{update inline|date=October 2015|reason=This information may not be current since Lagardère sold most of its stake to Butler and Virgin France had since declared bankruptcy in 2013. All of these location may be closed by now.}} Virgin Books and MusicVirgin Books and Music is a Virgin-branded entertainment retail chain exclusive to airports and travel locations, operated by the Lagardère Services division of the French conglomerate Lagardère Group. Such stores have a much smaller size than Virgin Megastores and currently operate in 10 countries: Canada, China, Germany, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.{{update inline|date=October 2015|reason=This information may not be current since Lagardère sold most of its stake to Butler and Virgin France declared bankruptcy in 2013. All of these location may be closed by now.}} References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virgin.com/AboutVirgin/RichardBranson/WhosRichardBranson.aspx |title=Who's Richard Branson |publisher=Virgin Group |accessdate=11 April 2008 |date= |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406040127/http://www.virgin.com/AboutVirgin/RichardBranson/WhosRichardBranson.aspx |archive-date=6 April 2008 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virgin.com/company/virgin-megastore |title=Virgin Megastore: Music and entertainment stores around the world |publisher=Virgin.com |accessdate=23 September 2012 |date= |author=}} 3. ^{{cite news |last=Lott |first=Tim |title=The day my music died |publisher=The Guardian |date=26 March 2004 |url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,1177956,00.html |accessdate=17 September 2007 |location=London}} 4. ^1 https://variety.com/1998/music/news/duffell-exits-virgin-group-prexy-post-1117467254/ 5. ^{{cite news 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|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS211220+28-Feb-2008+BW20080228 |title=Lagardère SCA: Takeover of Virgin Group: final agreement |publisher=Reuters |date=28 February 2008 |accessdate=14 January 2009 |author=}} 10. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-17-2007/0004647544&EDATE= |title=Related Companies to Acquire Virgin Entertainment Group Virgin Megastores North America |publisher=PR Newswire |date=17 August 2007 |accessdate=28 March 2008 |author=}} 11. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2007/08/18/realty-bigs-buy-virgin-megastores/ |title=Realty Bigs Buy Virgin Megastores |newspaper=New York Post |date=18 August 2007 |first=Braden |last=Keil}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |title=Virgin Megastore MENA - Find a Store |work=Virgin Megastore Middle East |date= |author= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513053859/http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archivedate=13 May 2010 |df=dmy }} 13. ^1 {{cite press release |title=Virgin Megastore Opens at City Centre Muscat, Oman |url=http://www.azadea.com/english/media-center/virgin-megastore-opens-at-city-centre-muscat-oman |website=Azadea |date=3 November 2015 |author= |accessdate=8 November 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmegastore.com.lb/ |title=Virgin Megastore Branches |work=Virgin Megastore Lebanon |date= |author=}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmegastore.com.sa/english/branches |title=Virgin Megastore Branches |work=Virgin Megastore Saudi Arabia |date= |author=}} 16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2015/08/13/virgin-maroc-magasin_n_7981982.html|title=Virgin Megastore ouvre son cinquième magasin au Maroc|last=Mekouar|first=Hamza|date=13 August 2015|language=fr|trans-title=Virgin Megastore opened its fifth store in Morocco|website=Huffington Post Morocco}} 17. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22343796_ITM |title=Virgin Entertainment Group Launches Ben Sherman Boutiques Inside Select Virgin Megastores |work=PR Newswire |via=Access My Library |date=12 February 2003 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325202828/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22343796_ITM |archive-date=2009-03-25 |deadurl=yes}} 18. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24020457_ITM |title=Virgin Mobile to set up outlets in Megastores |work=Europe Intelligence Wire |via=Access My Library |date=4 August 2003 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325202834/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24020457_ITM |archive-date=2009-03-25 |deadurl=yes}} 19. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-25533017_ITM |title=Virgin Mobile USA is Virgin Megastores' One and Only |work=PR Newswire |via=Access My Library |date=20 June 2002 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325202840/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-25533017_ITM |archive-date=2009-03-25 |deadurl=yes}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2001/07/26/16795/ssp-wins-contract-for-french-virgin-megastores.html |title=SSP wins contract for French Virgin Megastores |publisher=CatererSearch |date=26 July 2001 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |author=}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/06/23/virigin_digital_dates/ |title=Virgin Digital sets US, UK debut dates |publisher=Register |date=23 June 2004 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |first=Tony |last=Smith}} 22. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7012012.stm |title=Q&A: Virgin's digital shutdown |publisher=BBC News |date=28 September 2007 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |author=}} 23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.format.at/articles/0340/520/65984/format-virgin-megastore-wiener-mariahilfer-strasse |title=Virgin Megastore in Wiener Mariahilfer Straße verkauft |author= |date=2 October 2003 |magazine=Format_(magazine) |trans-title=Virgin Megastore in Vienna on Mariahilfer Street Sold |language=de}} 24. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/retail/1315509/virgin-france-retailer-changes-hands |title=Virgin France Retailer Changes Hands |magazine=Billboard |date=28 December 2007 |first=Aymeric |last=Pichevin}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lagardere.com/fichiers/fckeditor/File/Relations_investisseurs/Publications/2008/doc_ref_2007_en.pdf |title=Lagardère Reference Document 2007 (Annual Report 2007) |publisher=Lagardère |year=2007 |accessdate=22 January 2009 |author=}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=6&doc_id=31534 |title=LS travel retail and Aéroports de Paris redefine Paris CdG retail offer |first=Gavin |last=Lipsith |work=The Moodie Report |date=3 July 2012 |accessdate=11 September 2012}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.trbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11603:fnac-expands-at-cdg-as-virgin-exits&catid=29:europe&Itemid=41 |title=Fnac expands at CDG as Virgin exits |first=Kevin |last=Rozario |work=The Travel Retail Business |date=3 July 2012 |accessdate=11 September 2012}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20908845 |title=Virgin France declares insolvency |publisher=BBC News |date=4 January 2013 |accessdate=4 January 2013 |author=}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/08/virginmegastorefrance-insolvency-idUSL5E9C8AWR20130108 |title=Virgin Megastore France to file for insolvency Jan. 9 |publisher=Reuters |date=8 January 2013 |accessdate=17 February 2013 |author=}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/04/virgin-france-flagship-shutdown-paris |title=Virgin France to shut Paris flagship store, blaming insolvency |first=Kim |last=Willsher |work=The Guardian |date=4 January 2013 |accessdate=17 February 2013}} 31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/frances-virgin-megastore-goes-liquidation.html |title=France's Virgin Megastore goes into liquidation |date=17 June 2013 |accessdate=13 October 2013 |first=Barbara |last=Casassus |website=The Bookseller}} 32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/1995/09/11/virgin.php |title=Virgin Learns You Can't Always Get What You Want |publisher=International Herald Tribune |date=11 September 1995 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |first=Brandon |last=Mitchener |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210071430/http://www.iht.com/articles/1995/09/11/virgin.php |archive-date=2008-12-10 |deadurl=yes}} 33. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/06-14-2005/0003869721&EDATE |title=Virgin Megastores Hellas Launches Greek Digital Music Service Powered by Loudeye |publisher=PR Newswire |date=14 June 2005 |accessdate=17 January 2009 |author=}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fotex.eu/page/history |work=Fotex |title=History |date= |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228114156/http://www.fotex.eu/page/history |archive-date=2013-12-28 |deadurl=yes}} 35. ^{{cite news |url=http://magyarnarancs.hu/belpol/kulturalis_hirek-62684 |work=Magyar Narancs |title=Kulturális hírek |date=17 October 1996 |author= |language=hu |trans-title=Culture News}} 36. ^{{cite news |url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2004/febbraio/08/Virgin_megastore_musica_finita__co_7_040208025.shtml |title=Virgin megastore, la musica è finita |newspaper=Corriere della Sera |date=8 February 2004 |first=Lovati |last=Carlo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908063658/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2004/febbraio/08/Virgin_megastore_musica_finita__co_7_040208025.shtml |archive-date=2009-09-08 |deadurl=yes |trans-title=Virgin Megastore, the music is over |language=it}} 37. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.rockol.it/news-63045/virgin-megastores-chiusi-tutti-negozi-italiani-a-parte-bergamo|title=Virgin Megastores: chiusi tutti i negozi italiani, a parte Bergamo |date=24 May 2004 |trans-title=Virgin Megastores: all Italian shops closed, except for Bergamo |language=it}} 38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automatiseringgids.nl/Artikelen/2000/27/Free%20Record%20Shop%20sluit%20Virgin-winkels.aspx |title=Free Record Shop Sluit Virgin winkels |publisher=Automatiseringsgids |accessdate=19 May 2009 |date=3 July 2000 |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614125927/http://www.automatiseringgids.nl/Artikelen/2000/27/Free%20Record%20Shop%20sluit%20Virgin-winkels.aspx |archive-date=2009-06-14 |deadurl=yes |language=nl}} 39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A3605834 |title=Maastricht city guide |publisher=BBC Collective |accessdate=19 May 2009 |author= |date=1 February 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919051755/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A3605834 |archive-date=2009-09-19 |deadurl=yes}} 40. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6998606.stm |title=Branson sells Virgin music stores |publisher=BBC News |date=17 September 2008 |accessdate=11 April 2008 |author=}} 41. ^{{cite news |date=24 December 2008 |title=Zavvi placed into administration |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7798973.stm |newspaper=BBC News |accessdate=13 October 2014 |author=}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://vimeo.com/user4617413 |title=Virgin Megastore Turkiye |accessdate=26 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114155712/http://vimeo.com/user4617413 |archivedate=14 November 2012 }} 43. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.mediame.com/en/news/announcement/virgin_megastore_expands_middle_east_business |title=Virgin Megastore expands Middle East business |date=6 January 2008 |author= |quote=At a press conference held at Virgin Megastore’s Mall of the Emirates store, the entertainment retailer revealed its future plans for the region, as it renewed its right to operate the Virgin Megastores in the region for another thirteen years with Virgin Stores France. The agreement was signed by the CEO of Virgin Stores France and the President of Virgin Megastores Middle East. Azadea Group, the holding company for Virgin Megastore in the Middle East, first licensed the brand from Virgin Stores France in 2001 for a seven year period. Since then, it has opened up 11 stores across the region, with another three slated to open in 2008.}} 44. ^{{cite news |publisher=Solidere |title=Newcomers to the city center |work=The Quarterly |accessdate=18 October 2009 |url=http://www.lebanon.com/construction/the.quarterly/2001/jul-sep/newcomers.htm |date=July–September 2001 |author=}} 45. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.whatsuplebanon.com/virgin.php |title=Virgin |publisher=What's Up Lebanon |accessdate=27 July 2008 |date= |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103221735/http://whatsuplebanon.com/virgin.php |archive-date=2005-11-03}} 46. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ticketingboxoffice.com/News/Details/29/virgin-megastore-opens-in-abc-dbayeh |title=Virgin megastore opens in ABC Dbayeh |work=Ticketing Box Office |date=16 November 2012}} 47. ^{{cite web |url=http://web-release.info/virgin-megastore-inaugurated-abc-verdun-branch-extravagant-ceremony/ |title=Virgin Megastore Inaugurated its ABC Verdun Branch with an Extravagant Ceremony! |work=Web Release |date=30 November 2017}} 48. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.virginmegastore.com.sa/english/virgin-megastore-opens-its-first--store-in-riyadh |title=Virgin Megastore opens its first store in Riyadh |date=19 February 2015 |work=Virgin Megastore Saudi Arabia |author=}} 49. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/alissa-inaugurates-opening-virgin-megastore-cairo |title=Alissa inaugurates the opening of Virgin MegaStore in Cairo |website=Al Bawaba |date=4 October 2005 |author=}} 50. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_locations.asp |title=Store Locations |publisher=VMegaNews |accessdate=27 May 2008 |date= |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123054341/http://www.vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_locations.asp |archive-date=2008-11-23}} 51. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/mallofarabia/posts/151463014956188 |title=The long awaited Virgin Mega Store is finally OPEN at Mall of Arabia. |date=17 December 2011 |publisher=Mall of Arabia Cairo |via=Facebook |author=}} 52. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.azadea.com/english/media-center/virgin-megastore-opens-at-cairo-festival-city-mall-egypt |title=Virgin Megastore Opens at Cairo Festival City Mall, Egypt |date=21 June 2015 |website=Azadea |author=}} 53. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/virgin-megastore-pulls-kuwait-operations-store-close-end-feb-444522.html |title=Virgin Megastore pulls Kuwait operations, store to close end-Feb |date=9 February 2012 |website=Arabian Business |first=Elizabeth |last=Broomhall}} 54. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.business24-7.ae/Articles/2008/5/Pages/05242008_845694b3de3e4624894842dbeb9d1610.aspx |title=Mega makeover in store for Virgin |publisher=Business 24-7 |date=24 May 2008 |accessdate=27 May 2008 |first=Dennis B. |last=Mallari |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325234855/http://www.business24-7.ae/Articles/2008/5/Pages/05242008_845694b3de3e4624894842dbeb9d1610.aspx |archive-date=2009-03-25 |deadurl=yes}} 55. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/virgin-king-britain-s-biggest-entrepreneur-looks-the-east-207083.html |title=Virgin King: Britain’s biggest entrepreneur looks to the East |magazine=Arabian Business |date=6 August 2001 |first=Massoud |last=Derhally |quote=Sir Richard Branson, its charismatic chairman and president, touched down on July 3 in Beirut, Lebanon. In all the hustle and bustle of the occasion, billionaire Branson managed to inaugurate a 30,000 square-foot, $10 million Virgin Megastore, erected on what used to mark the old Opera cinema. Next on the list — Dubai. Currently, construction is underway at the renowned City Centre shopping mall.}} 56. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_profile.asp |title=Company Profile |publisher=VMegaNews |accessdate=27 May 2008 |date= |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123063915/http://www.vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_profile.asp |archive-date=2008-11-23 |deadurl=yes}} 57. ^{{cite news |url=http://m.gulfnews.com/news/uae/general/abu-dhabi-gets-virgin-megastore-1.427915 |title=Abu Dhabi gets Virgin Megastore |newspaper=Gulf News |date=22 October 2001 |author= |quote=After its debut in Dubai, the Virgin Megastore opened in Abu Dhabi yesterday.}} 58. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/general/virgin-dubai-fm-launch-chart-show-1.392748 |title=Virgin, Dubai FM launch chart show |newspaper=Gulf News |date=4 July 2002 |first=Shadiah |last=Abdullah |quote=Virgin Megastore has three branches in the UAE, a fourth opening in Jumeirah and a fifth in Kuwait, both in the fall.}} 59. ^{{cite web |url=http://vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_locations.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050923124122/http://vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_locations.asp |archive-date=2005-09-23 |deadurl=yes |title=Virgin Megastore UAE-Kuwait Locations (2005) |work=VStar Multimedia LLC |date= |author=}} 60. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/markets/virgin-megastore-plans-to-invest-20m-in-dubai-1.305906 |title=Virgin Megastore plans to invest $20m in Dubai: Virgin Megastore is planning to spend $20 million in the UAE on projects over the next two years. |newspaper=Gulf News |date=28 October 2005 |author= |quote=If you look at all the big malls in the area, such as City Centre, Abu Dhabi Mall, Burjuman and now Mall of the Emirates, you will see Virgin in everyone. Currently, Virgin has branches in malls around Dubai including Deira City Center, Burjuman and Mercato. Already, a 4,000-square-metre megastore is set to open in Mall of the Emirates this November.}} 61. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/virgin-plots-store-launch-blitz-63581.html |title=Virgin plots store launch blitz |magazine=Arabian Business |date=30 October 2005 |first=Tim |last=Addington |quote=British business tycoon Sir Richard Branson will make a short visit to Dubai in November to open Virgin’s latest Megastore... the company’s largest Megastore in the Middle East at the Mall of the Emirates. The Virgin boss was present at the opening of the company’s Deira City Centre outlet in Dubai in 2001 and also helped launch its Kuwait branch in 2002. The Virgin Megastore at the Mall of the Emirates is the company’s largest in the region, measuring 4000 square metres, and its opening comes just weeks after Virgin inaugurated its first store in Cairo. ...the new Dubai branch, which brings the number of stores it has in the Middle East to seven.}} 62. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_profile.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325203446/http://www.vmeganews.com/vip/vmeganews_profile.asp |archive-date=2009-03-25 |deadurl=yes |title=Virgin Megastore UAE-Kuwait Company Profile (2009) |work=VStar Multimedia LLC |date= |author=}} 63. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=134 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513221841/http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=134 |archive-date=2010-05-13 |deadurl=yes |title=Virgin Megastore Profile (2010) |work=Virgin Megastores Middle East |date= |author=}} 64. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513053859/http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-date=2010-05-13 |deadurl=yes |title=Virgin Megastore Find a Store (2010) |work=Virgin Megastores Middle East |date= |author=}} 65. ^{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/business/retail/virgin-celebrates-10-years-in-region-with-dubai-mall-store-1.865468 |title=Virgin celebrates 10 years in region with Dubai Mall store |first=Manoj |last=Nair |work=Gulf News |date=13 September 2011 |accessdate=14 March 2013}} 66. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025042016/http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-date=2011-10-25 |deadurl=yes |title=Virgin Megastore Find a Store (2011) |work=Virgin Megastores Middle East |date= |author=}} 67. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920031620/http://virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-date=2012-09-20 |deadurl=yes |title=Virgin Megastore Find a Store (Sep 2012) |work=Virgin Megastores Middle East |date= |author=}} 68. ^{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/business/retail/virgin-megastore-opens-second-abu-dhabi-outlet-1.1097004 |title=Virgin Megastore opens second Abu Dhabi outlet |first=Samia |last=Badih |work=Gulf News |date=1 November 2012 |accessdate=14 March 2013}} 69. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212110217/http://virginmegastore.me/Sub.aspx?pageid=39 |archive-date=2012-12-12 |deadurl=yes |title=Virgin Megastore Find a Store (Dec 2012) |work=Virgin Megastores Middle East |date= |author=}} 70. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20121103/ARTICLE/311039901/1037 |title=Virgin Megastore opens new outlet |newspaper=Khaleej Times |date=3 November 2012 |first=Haseeb |last=Haider}} 71. ^{{cite news |url=http://gulfnews.com/multimedia/framed/spotlight/shoppers-delight-at-virgin-megastore-1.1428487 |title=Shoppers delight at Virgin Megastore |newspaper=Gulf News |date=17 December 2014 |author= |quote=Celebrations are held for the opening of a new Virgin Megastore at Yas Mall in Abu Dhabi.}} 72. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.gulfretailnews.com/en/news/general/item/17490-al-ain-s-al-jimi-mall-is-pleased-to-welcome-virgin-megastore |title=Al Ain's Al Jimi Mall is pleased to welcome Virgin Megastore. |website=Gulf Retail News |date=29 July 2015 |author=}} 73. ^{{cite news |url=http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/retail/virgin-megastore-opens-in-al-ain-1.1557630 |title=Virgin Megastore opens in Al Ain: It is the retailer’s 13th store in the UAE |newspaper=Gulf News |date=28 July 2015 |author=}} 74. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.moeys.net/2007/09/04/virgin-megastore-amman-opens-september-5th-2007/ |title=Virgin Megastore Amman opens September 5th, 2007 |publisher=Moeys.net (blog) |date=4 September 2007 |accessdate=7 July 2008 |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606134047/http://moeys.net/2007/09/04/virgin-megastore-amman-opens-september-5th-2007 |archive-date=2009-06-06 |deadurl=yes}} 75. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jordansun.com/events/calendar/virgin-megastore-grand-opening-taj-mall/ |title=Virgin Megastore Grand Opening @ Taj Mall |date=16 October 2015 |website=Jordan Sun |author=}} 76. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.leconomiste.com/article/best-financiere-franchit-un-nouveau-palier |title=Best Financière franchit un nouveau palier |date=18 February 2010|issue=3215 |language=fr |trans-title=Best Financial a completely new level |quote=The Virgin Megastore shop in Marrakech, 2,600 square meters with an investment of 50 million dirhams, is the first of five planned in the development plan of the sign within three years. Two more will be opened in Morocco and two in Tunisia and Algeria. Best Financial holds the franchise for the Maghreb region. |magazine=L'Économiste |author=}} 77. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.itrnews.com/articles/102585/virgin-megastore-implante-marrakech.html |title=Virgin Megastore s'implante à Marrakech |date=22 March 2010 |language=fr |trans-title=Virgin Megastore is implanted in Marrakech|quote=It is an event in Marrakech, Virgin is about to open its first Moroccan there Megastore on 2,000 m². Located in the new shopping center Almazar, it will be inaugurated on April 2, 2010.|website=ITR News |author=}} 78. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.leseco.ma/business/6916-virgin-megastore-met-le-turbo.html |title=Virgin Megastore met le turbo |last=Badri |first=Ghizlane |date=16 December 2012 |language=fr |trans-title=Virgin Megastore puts the turbo|quote=Second Moroccan anchor Virgin Megastore. The famous brand distribution of cultural and technological products, present in Morocco since 2010 and builds on the success of its first store in Marrakech and aims to spin its web in Morocco. Precisely February 8, 2013, the store at the Kitéa Géant mall in Hay Riad open. The next store will open in Casablanca February 8, 2013 at Anfa Place Mall. |website=Les inspirations ÉCO |author=}} 79. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.challenge.ma/magasin-virgin-megastore-et-de-deux-pour-best-financiere-3757/|title=Magasin Virgin Megastore : et de deux pour Best Financière |date=17 December 2012 |language=fr |trans-title=Store Virgin Megastore and two for Best Financial |quote=The Best Financial group of Label'Vie Group, opened the second store Virgin Megastore at Kitéa Géant Mall in Hay Riad. |magazine=Challenge Magazine |author=}} 80. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.medias24.com/ECONOMIE/ENTREPRISES/678-Au-Maroc-Virgin-Megastore-voit-l-avenir-en-grand.html |title=Distribution Au Maroc, Virgin Megastore voit l’avenir en grand|last=Bonnel|first=Cyril|date=25 April 2013|language=fr |trans-title=Distribution In Morocco, Virgin Megastore sees the future in large |quote=Virgin Megastore will open fourth store in the Fez Borj Mall in Fez in May. |website=Medias24 |author=}} 81. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2015/08/13/virgin-maroc-magasin_n_7981982.html |title=Virgin Megastore ouvre son cinquième magasin au Maroc |last=Mekouar |first=Hamza |date=13 August 2015 |language=fr |trans-title=Virgin Megastore opened its fifth store in Morocco |website=Huffington Post Morocco}} 82. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.illionweb.com/lifestyle/c-nouveau/virgin-megastore-ouvre-son-2e-magasin-a-casablanca/ |title=Virgin Megastore ouvre son 2e magasin à Casablanca |last=Zaid |first=Salma |date=17 September 2015 |language=fr |trans-title=Virgin Megastore opened its second store in Casablanca |website=Illionweb |author=}} 83. ^{{cite news |url=http://telquel.ma/2016/08/29/virgin-megastore-ouvre-6eme-magasin-sidi-maarouf_1512183 |title=Virgin Megastore Maroc ouvre son sixième magasin à Sidi Maârouf |date=29 August 2016 |magazine=TelQuel |first=Btissam |last=Zejly |language=fr |trans-title=Virgin Megastore Morocco opens its sixth store in Sidi Maarouf}} 84. ^1 2 3 {{cite press release |url=http://www.lagardere-services.com/uk/media_detail.php?id_new=59&annee=2007 |title=Virgin Megastore soon in Syria and Morocco |work=Lagardère Services |date=6 February 2007 |author=}} 85. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.antargroup.com/eindex.htm |title=Virgin Megastore |website=Antar Group |date= |author=}} 86. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2015/mar/12/aleppo-syrian-nightmare-in-pictures-jacob-simkin |title=Aleppo: a Syrian nightmare – in pictures |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 March 2015 |first=Jacob |last=Simkin}} 87. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/11/living-in-war-torn-syria/100857/ |title=Living in War-Torn Syria |magazine=The Atlantic |date=20 November 2014 |first=Alan |last=Taylor}} 88. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1992/Virgin-Blockbuster-Enter-Megastore-Partnership/id-74922c6d2e6c0d1db50c05aefe1b1163 |title=Virgin, Blockbuster enter Megastore partnership |first=Dirk |last=Beveridge |work=AP News |date=16 November 1992 |accessdate=17 February 2013}} 89. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6515452.html |title=Virgin Megastore on Sunset Strip to close |publisher=Video Business |date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 May 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302195730/http://www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6515452.html |archivedate=2008-03-02 |first=Susanne |last=Ault}} 90. ^{{cite news |last=Christman |first=Ed. |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/269203/all-us-virgin-megastores-to-close-by-june |title=All U.S. Virgin Megastores To Close By June |magazine=Billboard |date=16 March 2009 |accessdate=16 March 2009}} 91. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.netcot.com/thesite/2009/03/02/virgin-megastore-at-downtown-disney-to-close-may-31/ |title=Virgin Megastore at Downtown Disney To Close May 31 |publisher=Netcot.com |date=2 March 2009 |author=}} 92. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/5001101/Virgin-Megastores-in-US-to-close.html |title=Virgin Megastores in US to close: Two decades after first taking the US music scene by storm, America’s six remaining Virgin Megastores will close their doors for the final time this summer. |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=16 March 2009 |first=James |last=Quinn}} 93. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/all-virgin-megastores-set-to-close-as-last-big-national-music-chain-folds-20090302 |title=All Virgin Megastores Set to Close As Last Big National Music Chain Folds |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=2 March 2009 |first=Daniel |last=Kreps}} 94. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/nyregion/15virgin.html?_r=1 |title=Virgin Megastore in Times Square to Be Replaced by Forever 21 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=14 January 2009 |accessdate=15 January 2009 |first=Patrick |last=McGeehan}} 95. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/two-virgin-megastores-close-79952 |title=Two Virgin Megastores to close |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |date=26 February 2009 |accessdate=27 February 2009 |first=Ed |last=Christman}} 96. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/virgin-megastores-close-80170 |title=All Virgin Megastores in U.S. to close |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |date=3 March 2009 |author=}} 97. ^{{cite web |url=http://observer.com/2009/07/union-square-virgin-megastore-space-trades-for-481-m-updated/ |title=Union Square Virgin Megastore Space Trades for $4.81 M. (Updated) |first=Bonnie |last=Kavoussi |work=The New York Observer |date=13 July 2009 |accessdate=23 September 2012}} 98. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601075024/http://www.virgin.com/company/virgin-megastore |archivedate=2013-06-01 |title=Virgin Megastore |website=Virgin |url=http://www.virgin.com/company/virgin-megastore |date= |author=}} Note: airport locations were removed by the time this web snapshot was taken 99. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.wbez.org/blogs/lee-bey/2013-07/jfk-airports-futuristic-pan-am-terminal-meets-demolition-108020 |title=JFK airport's futuristic Pan Am terminal meets demolition: Jet Age building razed for aircraft parking |newspaper=New York Times |date=11 July 2013 |first=Lee |last=Bey}} 100. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-20053131_ITM |title=Virgin Megastores Continue Commitment to Music Retail by Unveiling New Customer Loyalty Program |publisher=PRNewswire |date=11 October 2006 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |author= |via=Access My Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325202456/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-20053131_ITM |archive-date=2009-03-25 |deadurl=yes}} 101. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.internetretailer.com/dailyNews.asp?id=7099&ya=track&ref=ya |title=Amazon brings Virgin Megastores into its web operations sphere |publisher=Internet Retailer |date=25 June 2002 |accessdate=14 January 2009 |first=Kurt |last=Peters}} 102. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33434074_ITM |title=Virgin opens shop online |via=Access My Library |date=19 November 2008 |accessdate=14 January 2009 |first=Susanne |last=Ault |magazine=Video Business |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726183102/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33434074_ITM |archive-date=2009-07-26 |deadurl=yes}} 103. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hmvgroup.com/media/view.jsp?id=1007 |title=HMV to open Canada’s largest dedicated music, DVD store |publisher=HMV Group |date=28 June 2005 |accessdate=28 April 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220025658/http://www.hmvgroup.com/media/view.jsp?id=1007 |archivedate=20 February 2008 |author=}} 104. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cirpa.ca/Page.asp?PageID=122&ContentID=818&SiteNodeID=66 |title=Virgin Closes Sole Canadian Store as HMV Expands |publisher=CIRPA |date=25 July 2005 |accessdate=26 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325212026/http://www.cirpa.ca/Page.asp?PageID=122&ContentID=818&SiteNodeID=66 |archive-date=2009-03-25 |deadurl=yes |author=}} 105. ^{{cite web|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/Music+retailer+close+stores+January/5656683/story.html|title=Music retailer HMV to close stores in January: High rent, rise of Internet sales blamed for store closures in Vancouver, Richmond|first=Darah|last=Hansen|work=The Vancouver Sun|date=2011-11-04|accessdate=2011-12-08}} 106. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dcnonl.com/article/id26768 |title=After 12 years of delays and setbacks, Toronto Life Square prepares to open its doors |newspaper=Daily Commercial News |date=11 March 2008 |accessdate=20 June 2008 |first=Don |last=Procter}} 107. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/blockbuster-inc-history/ |title=Blockbuster Inc. History |publisher=Funding Universe |accessdate=17 February 2013 |date= |author=}} 108. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/04/15/1018333481104.html |title=Virgin plays to youth in rebirth of music Megastores |first=Annie |last=Lawson |work=The Age |date=16 April 2002 |accessdate=23 September 2012}} 109. ^https://www.smh.com.au/business/brazin-lifts-its-profit-in-virgin-territory-20020823-gdfkfj.html 110. ^1 {{cite web |title=Brazin to call tune in Myer stores |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/07/27/1090693964231.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |first=Leonie |last=Wood |date=28 July 2004 |accessdate=11 June 2012}} 111. ^1 {{cite web|title=Myer, Brazin in Virgin Entertainment deal |url=http://www.muzink.com/afrn?articleid=170 |work=MuzInk.com |first=Eva |last=Wiland |date=29 July 2004 |accessdate=11 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309003048/http://www.muzink.com/afrn?articleid=170 |archivedate=9 March 2011 |df=dmy }} 112. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1605961.stm |title=BBC News: Virgin sheds Our Price stores |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=11 June 2012 |date=18 October 2001 |author=}} 113. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-1548334/Our-Price-sold-for-sake-of-Sanity.html |title=Our Price sold for sake of Sanity |first=Lachlan |last=Colquhoun |work=This is Money |date=2 October 2001 |accessdate=11 June 2012}} 114. ^{{cite press release |url=http://imagesignal.comsec.com.au/asxdata/20050823/pdf/00541894.pdf |title=Brazin Limited Media Release: Brazin Announces NPAT of $10.5 Million (−12%) But EBIT From Continuing Operations Increased To $29.3 Million (+37%) For The Year Ended 26 June 2005 |publisher=Commsec |accessdate=11 June 2012 |date=23 August 2005 |author=}} 115. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dfnionline.com/article/HDS-expands-Virgin-in-Australia-1062665.html |title=HDS expands Virgin in Australia |first=Gavin |last=Lipsith |work=DFNI Online |date=22 December 2005 |accessdate=11 June 2012}} 116. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.lsaspac.com/ssl/CMS/files_cms/Media%20Release%20-%20Southern%20Cross%20Station.pdf |title=HDS Retail Asia Pacific: Media Release (21 December 2006) |publisher=Lagardère Group |accessdate=11 June 2012 |date= |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918121947/http://www.lsaspac.com/ssl/CMS/files_cms/Media%20Release%20-%20Southern%20Cross%20Station.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-18 |deadurl=yes}} 117. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/business/property/next-stop-a-bit-of-retail-therapy-20111101-1mtud.html |title=Next stop, a bit of retail therapy |first=Philip |last=Hopkins |work=The Age |date=2 November 2011 |accessdate=11 September 2012}} 118. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/business/myer-to-drop-music-for-fashion-20110529-1fax6.html |title=Myer to drop music for fashion |first=Carolyn |last=Cummins |work=Brisbane Times |date=30 May 2011 |accessdate=11 June 2012}} 119. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.internetretailer.com/internet/marketing-conference/80586-virginmegacojp-powered-amazoncojp-launched-september-19.html |title=Virginmega.co.jp Powered By Amazon.co.jp Launched On September 19 |publisher=Internet Retailer |date=19 September 2002 |accessdate=14 January 2009 |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012200734/http://www.internetretailer.com/internet/marketing-conference/80586-virginmegacojp-powered-amazoncojp-launched-september-19.html |archive-date=2008-10-12 |deadurl=yes}} 120. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1414859/virgin-megastores-japan-changes-hands |title=Virgin Megastores Japan Changes Hands: Marui selling to Tsutaya chain operator |magazine=Billboard |date=1 April 2005 |author=}} 121. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2030856/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120914071631/http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2030856/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=14 September 2012 |title=Virgin Megastores in Japan to become Tsutaya stores |publisher=Trading Markets |date=11 November 2008 |accessdate=14 January 2009}} 122. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=anN2XystgeIk&refer=japan |title=Culture Convenience Club to Rebrand Virgin Stores, Nikkei Says |newspaper=Bloomberg News |date=17 November 2008 |first=Joi |last=Preciphs}} 123. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=1178&doc_id=15974 |title=HDS Retail Asia Pacific makes Virgin foray into China |first=Melody |last=Ng |work=The Moodie Report |date=30 November 2007 |accessdate=17 June 2012}} 124. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lsaspac.com/ssl/CMS/files_cms/Connections%20Issue%202.pdf |title=Connections Newsletter: A New Name, The Same Commitment (July 2008) |publisher=Lagardère Group |accessdate=17 June 2012 |date= |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918080827/http://www.lsaspac.com/ssl/CMS/files_cms/Connections%20Issue%202.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-18 |deadurl=yes}} External links{{Portal|Virgin Group}}{{commons category|Virgin Megastore}}
6 : Lagardère Group|Virgin Group|Music retailers of the United States|Retail companies established in 1971|Retail companies of the United Kingdom|Music retailers of the United Kingdom |
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