| 词条 | Bastle house |
| 释义 |
Bastel, bastle,[1] or bastille houses are a type of construction found along the Anglo-Scottish border, in the areas formerly plagued by border Reivers. They are fortified farmhouses, characterised by security measures against raids. Their name is said to derive from the French word "bastille". CharacteristicsThe characteristics of the classic bastle house are extremely thick stone walls (about 1 metre thick), with the ground floor devoted to stable space for the most valuable animals, and a vaulted stone or flat timber floor between it and the first floor without internal access such as a stairway or ladder.[2] The family's living quarters were on the floor above the ground, and during the times before the suppression of the reivers, were only reachable by a ladder which was pulled up from the inside at night. The windows were small or even only arrow slits. Bastle houses have many characteristics in common with military blockhouses, the main difference being that a bastle was intended primarily as a family dwelling, instead of a pure fortification. Many bastle houses survive today; their construction ensured that they would last a very long time, but most are either ruined or much altered for use as residences or farm buildings. They may be seen on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish Border. Some well-preserved examples are Thropton Pele, Hole Bastle, Woodhouses Bastle and Black Middens Bastle. See also
References1. ^Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Bastel-house. 2. ^Brunskill, R. W.. Houses and cottages of Britain: origins and development of traditional buildings. Great Britain: Victor Gollancz in association with Peter Crawley, 1997. 28-29. Print. Bibliography
14 : Bastle houses|Border Reivers|Fortified houses|History of Northumberland|History of agriculture in England|History of the Scottish Borders|History of agriculture in Scotland|Housing in England|Housing in Scotland|House types in the United Kingdom|Human habitats|Rural Scotland|Scots language|Vernacular architecture |
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