请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 1993 Tour de France
释义

  1. Teams

  2. Pre-race favourites

  3. Route and stages

  4. Race overview

  5. Classification leadership

  6. Final standings

     General classification  Points classification  Mountains classification  Young rider classification  Team classification  Combativity classification 

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. Bibliography

  10. Further reading

  11. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}{{Infobox cycling race report
| name = 1993 Tour de France
| image = Route of the 1993 Tour de France.png
| image_caption = Route of the 1993 Tour de France
| image_size = 360px
| series =
| race_no =
| series_no =
| date = 3–25 July
| stages = 20 + Prologue
| distance = 3714
| unit = km
| time = 95h 57' 09"
| speed = 38.71
| first = Miguel Indurain
| first_nat = ESP
| first_team = {{ct|GCE|1993}}
| first_color = yellow
| second = Tony Rominger
| second_nat = SUI
| second_team = {{ct|CLA|1993}}
| third = Zenon Jaskuła
| third_nat = POL
| third_team = {{ct|GBM|1993}}
| points = Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
| points_nat = UZB
| points_team = {{ct|LAM|1993}}
| points_color = green
| mountains = Tony Rominger
| mountains_nat = SUI
| mountains_team = {{ct|CLA|1993}}
| mountains_color = polkadot
| youth = Antonio Martín
| youth_nat = ESP
| youth_team = {{ct|ZOR|1993}}
| team = {{ct|CAR|1993}}
| combativity = Massimo Ghirotto
| combativity_nat = ITA
| combativity_team = {{ct|ZGM|1993}}
| previous = 1992
| next = 1994
}}

The 1993 Tour de France was the 80th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 3 to 25 July. It consisted of 20 stages, over a distance of {{convert|3714|km|0|abbr=on}}.

The winner of the previous two years, Miguel Indurain, successfully defended his title. The points classification was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, while the mountains classification was won by Tony Rominger.

Teams

{{main list|List of teams and cyclists in the 1993 Tour de France}}

The organisers of the Tour, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), felt that it was no longer safe to have 198 cyclists in the race, as more and more traffic islands had been made, so the total number of teams was reduced from 22 to 20,[1] composing of 9 cyclists.[2] The first 14 teams were selected in May 1993, based on the FICP ranking.[2] In June 1993, six additional wildcards were given; one of which was given to a combination of two teams, {{ct|ALM|1993}} and Subaru.[3] The Subaru team did not want to be part of a mixed team, so Chazal was allowed to send a full team.[4]

The teams entering the race were:

Qualified teams{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • {{ct|GCE|1993}}
  • {{ct|CAR|1993}}
  • {{ct|GAT|1993}}
  • {{ct|MOT|1993}}
  • {{ct|FES|1993}}
  • {{ct|ONC|1993}}
  • {{ct|TEL|1993}}
  • {{ct|GBM|1993}}
  • {{ct|NOV|1994}}
  • {{ct|CAS|1993}}
  • {{ct|CLA|1993}}
  • {{ct|RAB|1993}}
  • {{ct|ARI|1993}}
  • {{ct|LAM|1993}}
{{div col end}}Invited teams{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • {{ct|ZGM|1993}}
  • {{ct|GAN|1993}}
  • {{ct|TVM|1993}}
  • {{ct|ZOR|1993}}
  • {{ct|LOT|1993}}
  • {{ct|ALM|1993}}
{{div col end}}

Pre-race favourites

The defending champion Miguel Indurain was the big favourite, having won the 1993 Giro d'Italia earlier that year.[5]

Route and stages

The route was unveiled in October 1992. Most team directors expected it to be more difficult than the 1992 Tour de France.[1]

[6]{{sfn>Augendre|2016|p=84}}[7]
StageDateCourseDistanceTypeWinner
P3 July Le Puy du Fou{{convert|6.8|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trial Miguel Indurain|ESP}}
14 July Luçon to Les Sables-d'Olonne{{convert|215.0|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Mario Cipollini|ITA}}
25 July Les Sables-d'Olonne to Vannes{{convert|227.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Wilfried Nelissen|BEL}}
36 July Vannes to Dinard{{convert|189.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Djamolidine Abdoujaparov|UZB}}
47 July Dinard to Avranches{{convert|81.0|km|abbr=on}} Team time trial {{ct|RIS|1993}}}}
58 July Avranches to Évreux{{convert|225.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Jesper Skibby|DEN}}
69 July Évreux to Amiens{{convert|158.0|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Johan Bruyneel|BEL}}
710 July Péronne to Châlons-sur-Marne{{convert|199.0|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Bjarne Riis|DEN}}
811 July Châlons-sur-Marne to Verdun{{convert|184.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Lance Armstrong|USA}}
912 July Lac de Madine{{convert|59.0|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trial Miguel Indurain|ESP}}
13 JulyVillard-de-LansRest day
1014 July Villard-de-Lans to Serre Chevalier{{convert|203.0|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Toni Rominger|SUI}}
1115 July Serre Chevalier to Isola 2000{{convert|179.0|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Toni Rominger|SUI}}
1216 July Isola to Marseille{{convert|286.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Fabio Roscioli|ITA}}
1317 July Marseille to Montpellier{{convert|181.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Olaf Ludwig|GER}}
1418 July Montpellier to Perpignan{{convert|223.0|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Pascal Lino|FRA}}
1519 July Perpignan to Pal{{convert|231.5|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Oliverio Rincón|COL}}
20 JulyAndorraRest day
1621 July Andorra to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet{{convert|230.0|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Zenon Jaskuła|POL}}
1722 July Tarbes to Pau{{convert|190.0|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Claudio Chiappucci|ITA}}
1823 July Orthez to Bordeaux{{convert|199.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Djamolidine Abdoujaparov|UZB}}
1924 July Brétigny-sur-Orge to Montlhéry{{convert|48.0|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trial Toni Rominger|SUI}}
2025 July Viry-Châtillon to Paris (Champs-Élysées){{convert|196.5|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Djamolidine Abdoujaparov|UZB}}
Total{{convert|3714|km|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=110}}

Race overview

{{main|1993 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10|1993 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 20}}

The 1993 Tour started in the same way as the 1992 Tour: Indurain won, with Alex Zülle in second place.[5] The next stages were flat, and all finished in mass sprints. After the second stage, sprinter Wilfried Nelissen had collected enough time bonuses to become leader in the general classification.[5]

The team time trial in stage four was the first stage with significant effects on the general classification. Banesto (Indurain's team) came in seventh, losing more than one minute, but the biggest loser was Tony Rominger, whose Clas team lost more than three minutes.[5]

The contenders for the overall victory saved their energy in the next few stages, and cyclists who would not be a threat in the mountains were allowed to break away, with only the sprinters' teams trying to get them back. The sixth stage was run with an average speed of almost {{convert|49.5|km/h|mph}}, at that moment the fastest mass-start stage in the Tour.[5]

In the ninth stage, an individual time trial, the general classification changed. Indurain was a lot faster than the other cyclists, winning the stage with a margin of more than two minutes, and became the new leader in the general classification.[5]

The next stages were in the Alps. Tony Rominger attacked, trying to win back time. Although he was able to win the stage, Indurain had followed him closely, so Rominger did not win back any time. Other pre-race favourites lost considerable time this stage and were no longer in contention, such as Claudio Chiappucci, who lost more than eight minutes.[5]

In the eleventh stage, Rominger tried it again. But again, Indurain stayed with him. Rominger won the stage again, but the margin to Indurain stayed the same. Rominger did jump to the fourth place in the general classification, because Erik Breukink lost almost ten minutes.[5]

The next three stages were relatively flat, and the top of the general classification stayed the same. In the fifteenth stage, Pyrenean climbs were included. The stage was won by Oliverio Rincón, the only survivor of an early breakaway. Behind him, Rominger again tried to get away from Indurain, but was unable to do so.[5]

In the sixteenth stage, again in the Pyreneés, Rominger was finally able to get away from Indurain, but the margin was only three seconds. The seventeenth stage was the last stage with serious climbs, so the last realistic opportunity to win back time on Indurain, but this did not happen, so it seemed certain that Indurain would become the winner.[5]

The rest of the podium was determined in the individual time trial in stage 19. It was won by Rominger, with Indurain in second place. Rominger thus climbed to the second place in the general classification.

Classification leadership

There were several classifications in the 1993 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[8]

Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[8]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[8]

The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[8]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[9]

For the combativity award classification, a jury gave points after each stage to the cyclists they considered most combative. The cyclist with the most votes in all stages lead the classification. The fair-play award was given to Gianni Bugno.[6]

Classification leadership by stage[10][11]
StageWinnerGeneral classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Young rider classification{{refn|The white jersey was not awarded between 1989 and 1999.[12]|group="n"|name="white"Team classification
P Miguel IndurainMiguel IndurainMiguel IndurainFrançois SimonAlex Zülle{{ct|ONC|1993}}
1 Mario CipolliniMario Cipollini
2 Wilfried NelissenWilfried NelissenWilfried NelissenWilfried Nelissen
3 Djamolidine AbdoujaparovLaurent Desbiens
4GBM|1993}}Mario Cipollini
5 Jesper SkibbyWilfried NelissenDavide Cassani
6 Johan BruyneelMario Cipollini
7 Bjarne RiisJohan MuseeuwMario CipolliniBjarne Riis{{ct|MOT|1993}}
8 Lance ArmstrongDavide Cassani
9 Miguel IndurainMiguel IndurainAlex Zülle{{ct|ONC|1993}}
10 Tony Rominger
11 Tony RomingerDjamolidine AbdoujaparovTony RomingerOliverio RincónAriostea
12 Fabio Roscioli{{ct|CAR|1993}}
13 Olaf Ludwig
14 Pascal Lino
15 Oliverio Rincón
16 Zenon JaskułaAntonio Martín
17 Claudio Chiappucci
18 Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
19 Tony Rominger
20 Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
FinalMiguel IndurainDjamolidine Abdoujaparov{{font color|white|Tony Rominger|link=yes Antonio MartínCAR|1993
  • In stage 1, Alex Zülle wore the green jersey.
  • In stages 3, 4, and 6, Mario Cipollini wore the green jersey.

Final standings

Legend
Denotes the winner of the general classification Denotes the winner of the points classification
Denotes the winner of the mountains classification

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[6]
RankRiderTeamTime
1Miguel Indurain|ESP}}GCE|1993}}95h 57' 09"
2Toni Rominger|SUI}}CLA|1993}}+ 4' 59"
3Zenon Jaskuła|POL}}GBM|1993}}+ 5' 48"
4Alvaro Mejia|COL}}MOT|1993}}+ 7' 29"
5Bjarne Riis|DEN}}ARI|1993}}+ 16' 26"
6Claudio Chiappucci|ITA}}CAR|1993}}+ 17' 18"
7Johan Bruyneel|BEL}}ONC|1993}}+ 18' 04"
8Andrew Hampsten|USA}}MOT|1993}}+ 20' 14"
9Pedro Delgado|ESP}}GCE|1993}}+ 23' 57"
10Vladimir Poulnikov|RUS}}CAR|1993}}+ 25' 29"
{{columns-start}}

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[6]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Djamolidine Abduzhaparov|UZB}}LAM|1993}}298
2Johan Museeuw|BEL}}GBM|1993}}157
3Maximilian Sciandri|GBR}}MOT|1993}}153
4François Simon|FRA}}CAS|1993}}149
5Christophe Capelle|FRA}}C.A|1993}}147
6Frédéric Moncassin|FRA}}RAB|1993}}145
7Miguel Indurain|ESP}}GCE|1993}}136
8Bjarne Riis|DEN}}ARI|1993}}133
9Toni Rominger|SUI}}CLA|1993}}126
10Stefano Colagè|ITA}}ZGM|1993}}120
{{column}}

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)[6]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Toni Rominger|SUI}}CLA|1993}}449
2Claudio Chiappucci|ITA}}CAR|1993}}301
3Oliviero Rincón|COL}}ZOR|1993}}286
4Miguel Indurain|ESP}}GCE|1993}}239
5Richard Virenque|FRA}}FES|1993}}191
6Alvaro Mejia|COL}}MOT|1993}}187
7Davide Cassani|ITA}}ARI|1993}}155
8Zenon Jaskuła|POL}}GBM|1993}}153
9Leonardo Sierra|VEN}}ZGM|1993}}136
10Bjarne Riis|DEN}}ARI|1993}}113
{{columns-end}}{{columns-start}}

Young rider classification

Final young rider classification (1–10)[6]
RankRiderTeamTime
1Antonio Martín|ESP}}ZOR|1993}}96h 27' 00"
2Oliviero Rincón|COL}}ZOR|1993}}+ 3' 28"
3Richard Virenque|FRA}}FES|1993}}+ 8' 21"
4Fernando Escartín|ESP}}CLA|1993}}+ 23' 18"
5Bo Hamburger|DEN}}TVM|1993}}+ 23' 51"
6Leonardo Sierra|VEN}}ZGM|1993}}+ 31' 44"
7Dimitri Zhdanov|RUS}}NOV|1994}}+ 45' 26"
8Alex Zülle|SUI}}ONC|1993}}+ 49' 07"
9Laurent Brochard|FRA}}CAS|1993}}+ 50' 26"
10Eddy Bouwmans|NED}}NOV|1994}}+ 53' 21"
{{column}}

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[6]
RankTeamTime
1CAR|1993}}288h 09' 5322
2ARI|1993}}+ 47' 40"
3CLA|1993}}+ 48' 49"
4FES|1993}}+ 1h 08' 42"
5GCE|1993}}+ 1h 08' 57"
6GBM|1993}}+ 1h 13' 59"
7MOT|1993}}+ 1h 27' 22"
8ZGM|1993}}+ 1h 35' 03"
9ZOR|1993}}+ 1h 48' 48"
10ONC|1993}}+ 1h 51' 12"
{{columns-end}}

Combativity classification

Final combativity classification (1–3)[6]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Massimo Ghirotto|ITA}}ZGM|1993}}34
2Bjarne Riis|DEN}}ARI|1993}}25
3Jacky Durand|FRA}}CAS|1993}}23

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/30/sports/30iht-bike.html|title=Tour de France Has Rocky Road Ready For Riders in 1993|first=Samuel|last=Abt|date=30 October 1992|publisher=New York Times}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/automobilisme_t-19930519-Z06T2T.html|title=Les premières équipes pour le Tour|language=French|publisher=Le Soir|date=19 May 1993|accessdate=3 April 2013}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/sept-maillots-pour-completer-le-generique-du-tour-de_t-19930616-Z06WKQ.html|title=Sept maillots pour completer le generique du Tour de France 1993; Six invitations et une fusion|language=French|publisher=Le Soir|date=16 June 1993|accessdate=3 April 2013|first=Bruno|last=Deblander}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/17/sports/17iht-bike.html|title=Angry U.S. Bike Team Says 'No' To Sharing Tour de France Slot|first=Samuel|last=Abt|date=17 June 1993|accessdate=3 April 2013|work=New York Times}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC&pg=PA211|pages=211–216|title=The story of the Tour de France: 1965-2007|first=Bill|last=McGann|author2=McGann, Carol|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|year= 2008|isbn= 1-59858-608-4| accessdate=12 May 2013}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1993.php|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|title=80ème Tour de France 1993|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621160506/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1993.php|archive-date=2012-06-21|access-date=26 September 2016|df=dmy-all|dead-url=yes}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1993 |title=Tour de France GC top ten |first=Arian |last=Zwegers |publisher=CVCC |accessdate=15 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hQnRPAvL?url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html |archivedate=10 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy-all }}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |title=Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success |first=Sarah |last=Christian |date=2 July 2009 |accessdate=17 April 2012 |publisher=RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209134934/http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |archivedate=9 February 2013 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.faqs.org/faqs/bicycles-faq/part1/section-20.html#b|title=The Tour de France complete book of cycling|first=David|last=Chauner|author2=Halstead, Michael|year=1990|publisher=Villard|isbn=0679729364|accessdate=17 April 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Tour de France 1993 – Leaders overview|url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1993/gc/stages/leaders-overview|website=ProCyclingStats|accessdate=16 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216224339/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1993/gc/stages/leaders-overview|archive-date=16 February 2019|dead-url=no}}
11. ^{{cite web|last=van den Akker|first=Pieter|title=Informatie over de Tour de France van 1993|trans-title=Information about the Tour de France from 1993|url=http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1993|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051214/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1993|archivedate=2 March 2019|language=Dutch|website=TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl|accessdate=2 March 2019|dead-url=no}}
12. ^{{cite book|last1=Mallon|first1=Bill |last2=Heijmans|first2=Jeroen |title=Historical dictionary of cycling|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrdfuueq2CcC&pg=PA230|date=9 September 2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0-8108-7369-8|page=230}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Augendre|author-link=Jacques Augendre|url=http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|title=Guide historique|trans-title=Historical guide|year=2016|language=French|access-date=27 October 2016|format=PDF|work=Tour de France|location=Paris|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2016|dead-url=no|ref={{harvid|Augendre|2016}}}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Walsh|first=David|authorlink=David Walsh (journalist)|title=Inside the Tour de France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGx0AAAACAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Stanley Paul|location=London|isbn=978-0-09-178536-9}}

External links

{{commons category-inline|Tour de France 1993|1993 Tour de France}}{{Cycling stage recaps|1993 Tour de France|P|10|11|20}}{{Tour de France}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1993 Tour de France}}

5 : 1993 Tour de France|1993 in road cycling|1993 in French sport|Tour de France by year|July 1993 sports events in Europe
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/18 15:55:31