“BBC Radio 5 Live”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

BBC Radio 5 Live (also known as just 5 Live) is the BBC's national radio service that broadcasts mainly news, sport, discussion, interviews and phone-ins. It is the principal radio station covering sport in the United Kingdom, broadcasting virtually all major sports events staged in the UK or involving British competitors.

Radio 5 Live was launched in March 1994 as a repositioning of the original Radio 5, which was launched on 27 August 1990.^[1] It is transmitted via analogue radio in AM on medium wave 693 and 909 kHz and digitally via digital radio, television and via an Internet stream. Due to rights restrictions, coverage of some events (in particular live sport) is not available online or is restricted to UK addresses.

The station broadcasts from MediaCityUK in Salford^[2] and is a department of the BBC North division.

History

The success of Radio 4 News FM during the first Gulf War (1991) led the BBC to propose the launch a rolling-news service. Initially the plan was to broadcast a rolling news service on BBC Radio 4's long wave frequency but this was met with considerable opposition, both internally and externally,^[3]

so the BBC decided to close BBC Radio 5 and replace the old service's educational and children's programmes with a new news service, whilst retaining the sports programmes. BBC Radio 5 Live began its 24-hour service at 5{{nbsp}}am on Monday 28 March 1994. The first voice on air, Jane Garvey, later went on to co-present the breakfast and drive-time shows with Peter Allen. The Times described the launch as "slipp[ing] smoothly and confidently into a routine of informative banter"^[4] and The Scotsman as "professionalism at its slickest".^[5]

The news of the first day was dominated by the fatal stabbing at Hall Garth School in Cleveland, the first of many major incidents which the network covered live as they unfolded.

The tone of the channel, engaging and more relaxed than contemporary BBC output, was the key to the channel's success and set the model for other BBC News services later in the decade. The first audiences were some four million, with a record audience of six and a quarter million. Among the key editorial staff involved in the design of programme formats and recruitment of staff for the new station were Sara Nathan, later editor of Channel 4 News, and Tim Luckhurst, later editor of The Scotsman newspaper and currently Professor of Journalism at the University of Kent.^[6]

In 2000, the station was rebranded with a new logo which would remain with the station for another seven years. In addition, on 2 February 2002 a companion station, BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra, was launched as a digital-only service to complement the range of sport and to avoid clashes; previously BBC Local Radio stations and the long-wave frequency of BBC Radio 4 were used.^[7] Throughout this period, Five Live gained several awards including five Sony Awards in 2005; the single gold award was for its coverage of the 2004 Asian tsunami in the News Story Award category alongside another four silver awards and six nominations. The station also began to further its boundaries with the publication of the Radio Five Live Sporting Yearbook.^[8] In August 2007, BBC Radio 5 Live was given a new logo in line with the rest of the BBC Radio network,^[9] and a new background design featuring diagonal parallel lines.

In 2008, the BBC announced that the station would move to MediaCityUK in Salford.^[10]

In 2017/18, it was noted the station not only remained as having the fourth highest cost-per-user of all the BBC radio output, but whose costs also increased – rising from 2.3p per hour the previous year to 2.5p per hour, therefore equal to 1Xtra. The audience Appreciation Index figure did not increase, remaining at 79.9; and the average length of time spent on the channel fell from 06:41 to 06:34 – the fourth lowest fall of all of the BBC's radio stations.^[11]

Broadcast

BBC Radio 5 Live broadcasts in AM on the medium wave frequencies 693 and 909 kHz nationally, with the frequency 990 kHz used in Cardigan Bay; these frequencies had been utilised by BBC Radio 5 and were used by BBC Radio 2 previously. Uniquely to the BBC Radio network, it is the only station that is neither purely digital (such as 1Xtra, Radio 4 Extra and 6 Music) nor broadcast in analogue FM. It is however broadcast in stereo on FM & DAB on BBC Local Radio overnight, usually from 1{{nbsp}}am until BBC Local Radio commences morning broadcasts, usually from 5{{nbsp}}am. BBC Radio 5 Live is also broadcast on BBC Radio Cymru in stereo from midnight until 5:30{{nbsp}}am, on BBC Radio Scotland from 1{{nbsp}}am until 6{{nbsp}}am and on BBC Radio Ulster from midnight until 6:30{{nbsp}}am. In addition to the AM output, the station also broadcasts digitally in mono on DAB Digital Radio, and on television through satellite services such as Sky, cable services such as Virgin Media, DTT services such as Freeview, Freesat (on Channel 705) and through IPTV. The station also broadcasts programmes live through the BBC iPlayer Radio website, which allows replaying programmes up to a month after the original broadcast. The service is also available on the Radioplayer internet site partially run by the BBC. Before the launch of digital broadcasting, BBC Radio 5 Live had broadcast on analogue satellite with near-FM quality.{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}

For many years, the station operated from four floors within the News Centre at BBC Television Centre,^[12] because of the close connections between the station and BBC News, and the co-location of BBC Sport. However, as part of the corporation's plan to sell off Television Centre, the decision was made in 2008 to move BBC Radio 5 Live to the new broadcast hub at MediaCityUK.^[10] The move itself began in September 2011 and took two months.^[13] The new studios occupy a single floor in Quay House, with two studios large enough for several guests and a separate studio for large groups.^[14]

List of programmes broadcast on 5 Live

Programming

BBC Radio 5 Live's remit includes broadcasting rolling news and transmitting news as it breaks. It offers news bulletins at the top and bottom of the hour. The BBC's policy for major breaking news events revolves around a priority list. With UK news, the correspondent first records a "generic minute" summary (for use by all stations and channels); the subsequent priority is to report on Radio 5 Live, then the BBC News Channel, and then any other programmes that are on air. For foreign news, first a "generic minute" is recorded, then reports are to World Service radio, then the reporter talks to any other programmes that are on air.^[15]{{update after|2013|11|5}}

BBC Radio 5 Live broadcasts an extremely wide range of sports and covers all the major sporting events, mostly under its flagship sports banner 5 Live Sport. Whilst football commentaries form the majority of live commentaries during the football season, the range of events covered by the station include:

Controllers

5 Live Sports Extra

As 5 Live cannot accommodate all of the sports which they have rights to broadcast, some are covered on sister station Sports Extra, including:

Sports Extra typically emphasizes full broadcasts of Premier League and Home Nations football, if games overlap each other. Five Live carries the first-choice match in such cases.

Despite the fact that commercial stations (such as Sky Sports) have acquired the vast majority of sports television broadcasting rights in the UK, the BBC remains dominant in radio sport with BBC Radio 5 Live and its local radio stations. Its main commercial rival for radio sports rights is TalkSport.

When BBC 5 Live Sports Extra is on air on DAB, BBC Radio 4 DAB goes into mono as it has to hand over 48kbit/s to the Sports channel and its bit rate drops from 128kbit/s Stereo to 80kbit/s mono. Radio 4's FM service is unaffected however and continues in stereo.

Awards

In January 2013, BBC Radio Five Live was nominated for the Responsible Media of the Year award at the British Muslim Awards.^[16]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.transdiffusion.org/rmc/features/launches2.php |title=Radio launches 2 |accessdate=30 May 2010 |work=Radiomusications |publisher=Transdiffusion |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825175208/http://www.transdiffusion.org/rmc/features/launches2.php |archivedate=25 August 2010 |df= }}
2. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/mar/19/bbc-radio-five-live-salford Radio 5 Live move to Salford delayed] guardian.co.uk, 19 March 2010
3. ^{{cite press release |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/speeches/stories/abramsky_oxford2.shtml |title=Jenny Abramsky Oxford lecture two |date=3 April 2007 |publisher=BBC}}
4. ^{{cite news |first=Alexandra |last=Frean |title=Radio's new voice greets the dawn |work=The Times|location= London |date=29 March 1994}}
5. ^{{cite news |first=Joan |last=McAlpine |title=Alive and kicking |work=The Scotsman |location= Edinburgh |date=29 March 1994}}
6. ^"Our Staff". University of Kent.
7. ^The Many Lives of BBC Radio Sport Transdiffusion
8. ^Radio Five Live sporting yearbook 2005 Barnsley Libraries, {{ISBN|0-00-721598-3}}
9. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/organgrinder/2007/aug/08/newlogosforbbcradiocoolo |title=New logos for BBC Radio – cool or balls? |work=The Guardian |location= London |date=8 August 2007}}
10. ^¹{{cite press release |title=BBC appoints Head of External Affairs to world-class media project|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/07_july/21/salford.shtml|accessdate=6 February 2012 |publisher=BBC |date=21 July 2008}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/reports/pdf/bbc_annualreport_201718.pdf|title=BBC Annual Report 2017/18|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
12. ^{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Nigel|title=A peek inside 5 live's new HQ|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/5live/2010/12/a-peek-inside-5-lives-new-hq.shtml|work=BBC Radio 5 Live Blog|publisher=BBC|accessdate=6 February 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web|last=Van-Klaveren|first=Adrian|title=The Salford move and the latest RAJARs|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/5live/2011/10/the-salford-move-and-the-lates.shtml|work=BBC Radio 5 Live Blog|publisher=BBC|accessdate=6 February 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Will|title=Tony Livesey's guide to the 5 live studios|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/5live/2011/11/tony-liveseys-guide-to-the-5-l.shtml|work=BBC Radio 5 Live Blog|publisher=BBC|accessdate=6 February 2012}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_business/f2_news_submission.txt|title=Editorial Processes – How BBC News Works|accessdate=19 June 2007|date=22 January 2007}}
16. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.asianimage.co.uk/news/10197507.Winners_honoured_at_British_Muslim_Awards/|title=Winners honoured at British Muslim Awards|work= |location= |publisher=Asian Image|date=31 January 2013|accessdate=1 November 2015}}