| 词条 | Beardfish |
| 释义 |
| name = Beardfishes | image = Polymixia nobilis.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Stout Beardfish, (P. nobilis) | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Polymixiiformes | ordo_authority = Rosen & Patterson, 1969 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision =
|synonyms =
}} The beardfishes consist of a single extant genus, Polymixia, of deep-sea marine ray-finned fish named for their pair of long hyoid barbels. At present they are classified in their own order Polymixiiformes,[1] but as Nelson says, "few groups have been shifted back and forth as frequently as this one".[2] For instance, they have previously been classified as belonging to the Beryciformes. They are of little economic importance.[3] They are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Ocean. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found down to about {{convert|800|m|ft|abbr=on}} depth. Most are relatively small fish, although one species is over {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length.[3] Classification
Timeline of generaImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-145.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-145.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-145.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Late from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H. bar:eratop from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q. PlotData= color:latecretaceous bar:NAM1 from:-99.6 till:-97.6 text:Aipichthyoides color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2 from:-99.6 till:-97.6 text:Aipichthys color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-99.6 till:-97.6 text:Paraipichthys color:latecretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text:Homonotichthys color:latecretaceous bar:NAM5 from:-99.6 till:-70.6 text:Omosoma color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-99.6 till:-70.6 text:Berycopsis color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-93.5 till:-89.3 text:Berycopsia color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8 from:-89.3 till:-65.5 text:Dalmatichthys color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9 from:-85.8 till:-83.5 text:Pycnosterinx color:eocene bar:NAM10 from:-37.2 till:0 text:Polymixia PlotData= bar:period from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Late from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H. bar:era from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q. References1. ^{{FishBase order | order = Polymixiiformes | month = February | year = 2006}} 2. ^{{cite book | author = Joseph S. Nelson | title = Fishes of the World | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 0-471-54713-1}} 3. ^1 {{cite book |editor1=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N. |author= Paxton, John R.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|page=161|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}} 4. ^{{cite web|website=Mikko's Phylogeny Archive|last=Haaramo|first=Mikko|year=2007|title=Polymixiomorpha – beardfishes and relatives |url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/polymixiomorpha.html#Ctenothrissiformes |accessdate= 30 December 2016}} 5. ^{{cite journal| website=Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement| author=| year=| title=Part 7- Vertebrates| url=http://mave.tweakdsl.nl/tn/genera7.html| journal=| volume=| pages=| doi=| display-authors=etal| access-date=30 June 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005114629/http://mave.tweakdsl.nl/tn/genera7.html| archive-date=2016-10-05| dead-url=yes| df=}}
3 : Polymixiiformes|Fish of Hawaii|Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances |
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