| 词条 | Bernardus Johannes Alfrink |
| 释义 |
| type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Bernardus Johannes Alfrink | honorific-suffix = | title = Cardinal, Archbishop of Utrecht Primate of the Netherlands | image = Kardinaal Alfrink.JPG | imagesize = 250px | alt = Cardinal Bernardus Johannes Alfrink | caption = Photo: Archepiscopal Archives Utrecht | church = | archdiocese = Utrecht | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | enthroned = 31 October 1955 | ended = 6 December 1975 | predecessor = Johannes de Jong | opposed = | successor = Johannes Willebrands | ordination = 15 August 1924 | consecration = 17 July 1951 | cardinal = 28 March 1960 | rank = Cardinal Priest | other_post = | birth_name = | birth_date = 5 July 1900 | birth_place = Nijkerk, Netherlands | death_date = {{d-da|17 December 1987|5 July 1900}} | death_place = Nieuwegein, Netherlands | buried = St. Catherine's Cathedral, Utrecht, Netherlands | nationality = Dutch | religion = Roman Catholic | motto = EVANGELIZARE DIVITIAS CHRISTI | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | alma_mater = | signature = }}Bernardus Johannes Alfrink (5 July 1900, Nijkerk, Gelderland – Nieuwegein Utrecht 17 December 1987) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1955 to 1975, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1960.[1] BiographyBernardus Alfrink was born in Nijkerk, and received his first Communion in 1911. After attending the seminary in Rijsenburg and the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome, he was ordained to the priesthood on 15 August 1924 by Archbishop Henricus van de Wetering. He then completed his studies at the École Biblique in Jerusalem in 1930, and did pastoral work in Utrecht until 1933. Alfrink taught at the Seminary of Rijsenburg (1933–1945) and later the Catholic University of Nijmegen (1945–1951). On 28 May 1951 he was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht and Titular Archbishop of Tyana. Alfrink received his episcopal consecration on the following 17 July from Archbishop Paolo Giobbe, papal internuncio in The Hague, with Bishops Willem Lemmens and Jan Smit serving as co-consecrators, in St. Catherine's Cathedral. Alfrink succeeded Cardinal Johannes de Jong as Archbishop of Utrecht on 31 October 1955 and was named Apostolic vicar of the Catholic Military vicariate of the Netherlands on 16 April 1957. He contributed to scientific publications, led the Pax Christi movement in the Netherlands,[2] and was created Cardinal-Priest of San Gioacchino ai Prati di Castello by Pope John XXIII in the consistory of 28 March 1960. From 1962 to 1965, the Dutch primate participated at the Second Vatican Council, and sat on its Board of Presidency. During one session of the Council, Alfrink had Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani's microphone turned off after the latter exceeded his time limit.[3] Alfrink was one of the cardinal electors in the 1963 papal conclave, which selected Pope Paul VI. Along with Cardinal Giovanni Colombo, he assisted Cardinal Achille Liénart in delivering one of the closing messages of the Council on 8 December 1965.[4] He also served as President of the Episcopal Conference of the Netherlands. Resigning as Utrecht's archbishop on 6 December 1975, he later voted in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively. He died in Nieuwegein at age 87, and after his funeral services in St. Catharine's Cathedral, was buried at St. Barbara's cemetery, next to his predecessor. ViewsAggiornamentoViewed as a liberal,[5][6] he once said, "It is always a good thing for the Church to move forward. It is not good if the Church comes to a standstill."[7] ConfessionWhile coadjutor, he announced that the Dominican chapel in Huissen, where a large amount of Catholics were going to confession instead of at the local parishes, would be closed to the public, resulting in the dismay and violent reaction of many.[8] Edward SchillebeeckxAlfrink supported Fr. Edward Schillebeeckx, OP, and took his condemnation as an offence to the Dutch Church.[9] Humanae VitaeDuring his tenure, Alfrink and his fellow Dutch clergymen attacked the argumentation used in Pope Paul's 1968 encyclical Humanae Vitae.[10] Royal conversionHe refused to respond to the Dutch Reformed Church's call for clarification in regards to Princess Irene's conversion to Catholicism.[11] Awards and honorsIn 1986 he received the Four Freedom Award for the Freedom of Worship[12] TriviaHis father's name was Theodorus, and the priest who baptized him was Johannes Verstege. References{{Commons category|Bernardus Alfrink}}1. ^{{cite book|title=Who Was Who in America, 1993–1996, vol. 11|year=1996|publisher=Marquis Who's Who|location=New Providence, N.J.|isbn=0837902258|page=4|chapter=Alfrink, Bernard Jan Cardinal}} 2. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,871562,00.html |title=Seven New Hats |date=14 March 1960 |accessdate= }} 3. ^{{cite web |publisher=Ewtn.com |url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/Theology/SIPVAT2.HTM |title=What Went Wrong With Vatican II |date= |accessdate= }} 4. ^{{cite web |publisher=Christusrex.org |url=http://www.christusrex.org/www1/CDHN/v19.html |title=To Rulers |date= |accessdate= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403055431/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/CDHN/v19.html |archive-date=3 April 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874481-1,00.html |title=The Council's Prospects |date=14 September 1962 |accessdate= }} 6. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,829210-9,00.html |title=Council of Renewal |date= 5 October 1962 |accessdate= }} 7. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,941081-2,00.html |title=The Radical, Revolutionary Church of The Netherlands |date= 31 March 1967 |accessdate= }} 8. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,815879-1,00.html |title=The Dominicans' Door |date=21 January 1952 |accessdate= }} [Subscription needed to see full article.] 9. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838812,00.html |title=Theologian on Trial|date= 4 October 1968 |accessdate= }} 10. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838884,00.html |title=Declaration of Independence |date=17 January 1969 |accessdate= }} 11. ^{{cite news |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870808,00.html |title=Love with the Proper Stranger |date= 21 February 1964 |accessdate= }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-09-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325223647/http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards |archivedate=25 March 2015 |df=dmy }} External links
|before=Maurice Feltin |title= International President of Pax Christi |after=Luigi Bettazzi |years=1965—1978}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alfrink, Bernardus Johannes}} 12 : 1900 births|1987 deaths|People from Nijkerk|Dutch cardinals|Dutch Roman Catholic theologians|Archbishops of Utrecht|20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|Radboud University Nijmegen faculty|Participants in the Second Vatican Council|Cardinals created by Pope John XXIII|Pontifical Biblical Institute alumni|Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award |
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