| 词条 | Betty Davis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Betty Davis | image = | caption = | image_size = | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Betty Mabry | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|7|26}} | birth_place = Durham, North Carolina, U.S. | origin = New York City, New York, U.S. | instrument = Vocals | genre = {{flatlist|
| occupation = Singer, songwriter, model | years_active = 1960s–1979}} Betty Davis (née Mabry; born July 26, 1945)[1] is an American funk and soul singer. She is known as one of the most influential voices of the funk era[2] and a performer who was known for her memorable live shows. BackgroundBorn in 1945, Betty Mabry grew up in Durham, North Carolina, and just outside Pittsburgh. On her grandmother's farm in Reidsville, North Carolina, she listened to B.B. King, Jimmy Reed, and Elmore James and other blues musicians. One of the first songs she wrote, at the age of twelve, was called "I’m Going to Bake That Cake of Love."[3] Aged 16, she left Pittsburgh for New York City, enrolling at the Fashion Institute of Technology while living with her aunt. She soaked up the Greenwich Village culture and folk music of the early 1960s. She associated herself with frequenters of the Cellar, a hip uptown club where young and stylish people congregated. It was a multiracial, artsy crowd of models, design students, actors, and singers. At the Cellar she played records and chatted people up. She also worked as a model, appearing in photo spreads in Seventeen, Ebony and Glamour.[4] In her time in New York, she met several musicians including Jimi Hendrix and Sly Stone. The seeds of her musical career were planted through her friendship with soul singer Lou Courtney, who produced her first single, “The Cellar” with simple, catchy lyrics like, “Where you going fellas, so fly? / I’m going to the Cellar, my oh my / What you going to do there / We’re going to boogaloo there.” The single was a local jam for the Cellar. Yet her first professional gig was not until she wrote "Uptown (to Harlem)" for the Chambers Brothers. Their 1967 album was a major success, but Betty Mabry was focusing on her modeling career. She was successful as a model but felt bored by the work. According to Oliver Wang's They Say I’m Different liner notes, she said, “I didn’t like modeling because you didn’t need brains to do it. It’s only going to last as long as you look good.”{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} In 2017 a documentary was released entitled "Betty: They Say I'm Different."[5][6] The live action/animated TV series "Mike Judge Presents: Tales From the Tour Bus" ended its 2018 season with an episode focusing on Davis' controversial career.[7] Personal lifeMarriage to Miles DavisAs a 22-year-old model in 1967, Betty met jazz musician Miles Davis who was 19 years her senior. They married the following year in September 1968. In just one year of marriage, she influenced him greatly by introducing him to the fashions and the new popular music trends of the era. In his autobiography, Miles credited Betty with helping to plant the seeds of his future musical explorations by introducing the trumpeter to psychedelic rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix and funk innovator Sly Stone. The Miles Davis album Filles de Kilimanjaro (1968) includes a song named after her and her photo on the front cover. In his autobiography, Miles said Betty was "too young and wild," and accused her of having an affair with Jimi Hendrix which hastened the end of their marriage.[8] Betty denied the affair stating, "I was so angry with Miles when he wrote that. It was disrespectful to Jimi and to me. Miles and I broke up because of his violent temper."[9] After accusing her of adultery, he filed for divorce in 1969.[10] Miles told Jet magazine at the time that the divorce was obtained on a "temperament" charge. He added, "I'm just not the kind of cat to be married."[11] Betty and Miles continued to see each other after their divorce.[9] Hendrix and Miles remained close, planning to record, until Hendrix's death. The influence of Hendrix and especially Sly Stone on Miles Davis was obvious on the album Bitches Brew (1970), which ushered in the era of jazz fusion. The origin of the album's title is unknown, but some believe Miles was subtly paying tribute to Betty and her girlfriends. In fact, it is said that he originally wanted to call the album Witches Brew—it was Betty who convinced him to change it.[12] RelationshipsDavis briefly dated musician Eric Clapton whom she refused to collaborate with because she reportedly felt his work was too banal.[13][14] In 1975, Davis' lover Robert Palmer Music careerAs Betty Mabry, she recorded "Get Ready For Betty" b/w "I'm Gonna Get My Baby Back" in 1964 for DCP International. Sometime in that same era, she also recorded a duet with Roy Arlington and under their joint name "Roy and Betty," released a single for Safice entitled, "I'll Be There." Betty's first major credit was writing "Uptown (to Harlem)" for the Chambers Brothers, 1967. In 1968, when she was still involved with Hugh Masekela, she recorded several songs for Columbia Records, with Masekela doing the arrangements. Two of them were released as a single: "Live, Love, Learn" b/w "It's My Life." Her relationship with Miles Davis began soon after her breakup from Masekela and in the spring of 1969, Betty returned to Columbia's 52nd St. Studios to record a series of demo tracks, with Miles and Teo Macero producing. At least five songs were taped during those sessions, three of which were Mabry originals, two of which were covers of Cream and Creedence Clearwater Revival. Miles attempted to use these demo songs to secure an album deal for Betty but neither Columbia nor Atlantic were interested and they were archived into a vault until 2016 for the compilation, Betty Davis, The Columbia Years, 1968-69, released by Seattle's Light in the Attic Records. After the end of her marriage with Miles, Betty moved to London, probably around 1971, to pursue her modeling career. She wrote music while in the UK and returned to the US around 1972 with the intention of recording songs with Santana. Instead, she recorded her own songs with a group of West Coast funk musicians. Davis wrote and arranged all her songs.[13] Her first record, Betty Davis, was released in 1973. She released two more studio albums, They Say I'm Different (1974)[15] and her major label debut on Island Records Nasty Gal (1975). None of the three albums was a commercial success, but she had two minor hits on the Billboard R&B chart: "If I'm in Luck I Might Get Picked Up," which reached no. 66 in 1973, and "Shut Off the Lights", which reached no. 97 in 1975.[16] Davis remained a cult figure as a singer, due in part to her open sexual attitude, which was controversial for the time. Some of her shows were boycotted, and her songs were not played on the radio due to pressure by religious groups and the NAACP.[17] Carlos Santana recalled Betty as "indomitable – she couldn't be tamed. Musically, philosophically and physically, she was extreme and attractive."[9] Both Betty Davis (1973) and They Say I'm Different (1974) were re-released by Light in the Attic Records on May 1, 2007. In September 2009, Light in the Attic Records reissued Nasty Gal and her unreleased fourth studio album recorded in 1976, re-titled as Is It Love or Desire?. Both reissues contained extensive liner notes and shed some light on the mystery of why her fourth album, considered possibly to be her best work by many members of her last band (Herbie Hancock, Chuck Rainey, Alphonse Mouzon), {{Citation needed|date=June 2012}} was shelved by the record label and remained unreleased for 33 years. After some final recording sessions in 1979 (Crashin' from Passion), Davis eventually stopped making music and returned to Pennsylvania. Material from the 1979 recording sessions was eventually used for two bootleg albums, Crashin' from Passion (1995) and Hangin' Out in Hollywood (1996). A greatest hits album, Anti Love: The Best of Betty Davis, was released in 2000. DiscographySingles
Studio albums
Compilation
Unofficial releases
References1. ^{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p16873}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/A-FUNK-QUEEN-STEPS-OUT-OF-THE-SHADOWS-Betty-2593729.php|title=A FUNK QUEEN STEPS OUT OF THE SHADOWS / Betty Mabry Davis set the standard with her sassy '70s sound. Finally, she's getting her due.|work=SFGate|access-date=2017-05-10}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=F91KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT296&lpg=PT296&dq=%22I%E2%80%99m+Going+to+Bake+That+Cake+of+Love.%22#v=onepage&q=%22I%E2%80%99m%20Going%20to%20Bake%20That%20Cake%20of%20Love.%22&f=false|title=Women Who Rock: Bessie to Beyonce. Girl Groups to Riot Grrrl|last=McDonnell|first=Evelyn|publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal|year=2018|isbn=978-0316558877|location=New York|pages=|quote=She penned her first song "I'm going to bake that Cake of Love" when she was 12 years old.}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/Betty%20Davis.html |title=Betty Davis|publisher=Soulwalking.co.uk|accessdate=2012-06-10}} 5. ^{{Citation|title=Betty: They Say I'm Different|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8267204/|access-date=2018-12-23}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nastygalmovie.com/|title=Betty they say i'm Different|website=Betty they say i'm Different|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-23}} 7. ^Cinemax Fri., Dec. 21. 8. ^{{Cite book|title=Miles: The Autobiography|last=Davis, Miles; Troupe, Quincy|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1990|isbn=978-0-671-72582-2|location=|pages=}} 9. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/sep/05/miles-davis-bitches-brew-reissue|title=Miles Davis: The muse who changed him, and the heady Brew that rewrote jazz|last=Spencer|first=Neil|date=September 4, 2010|website=The Guardian|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 10. ^{{Cite book|title=Miles : The Autobiography|last=Miles Davis|first=Quincy Troupe|publisher=Macmillan|year=2012|isbn=9781447218371|location=|pages=}} 11. ^{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=March 12, 1970|title=Miles Davis Signs $300,000 Record Pact; Sheds Wife|url=https://books.google.com/?id=TjkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53&dq=betty+davis+miles+davis+divorce#v=onepage&q=betty%20davis%20miles%20davis%20divorce&f=false|journal=Jet|volume=37|issue=24|pages=53|via=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailymaverick.co.za/article/2010-09-07-madonna-before-madonna-the-woman-who-introduced-miles-to-hendrix-finally-speaks|title=Madonna before Madonna: The woman who introduced Miles to Hendrix finally speaks|publisher=Thedailymaverick.co.za|accessdate=2012-06-10}} 13. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/a3047/betty-davis-053107/|title=The Soul Singer in the Shadows|last=Dremousis|first=Lisa|date=May 31, 2007|website=Esquire|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 14. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/20269/1/nasty-gal-betty-davis|title=The singer, whose sexually potent 70s funk blueprint virtually created its own genre, talks about her personal soul revolution|last=Hundley|first=Jessica|date=June 15, 2014|website=Dazed|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11903-betty-davis-they-say-im-different/|title=Betty Davis: Betty Davis / They Say I'm Different|website=Pitchfork|language=en|access-date=2018-12-23}} 16. ^{{cite book |title= Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-1995|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |authorlink=Joel Whitburn |year=1996 |publisher=Record Research |page=104}} 17. ^{{cite journal |last=Mahon|first=Maureen|title=They Say She's Different: Race, Gender, Genre, and the Liberated Black Femininity of Betty Davis|journal=Journal of Popular Music Studies|volume=23|issue=2|pages=146–165|date=15 June 2011|doi=10.1111/j.1533-1598.2011.01277.x}} Literature
External links
24 : 1945 births|Living people|Musicians from Durham, North Carolina|African-American female singer-songwriters|African-American singer-songwriters|African-American songwriters|American female singer-songwriters|African-American rock musicians|American funk singers|American soul singers|American rock singers|Island Records artists|Miles Davis|Musicians from Pittsburgh|American rhythm and blues singers|American singer-songwriters|American rock songwriters|African-American female singers|American female songwriters|American songwriters|Female models from North Carolina|American expatriates in the United Kingdom|Singers from Pennsylvania|Female models from Pennsylvania |
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