| 词条 | Bowen, Queensland |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Bowen | state = qld | image = A_collage_of_images_of_Bowen.jpg | caption = Top: Playground at Bowen Foreshore, Middle left: Bowen Foreshore, Middle right: Walkway along Santa Barbara parade, Bottom left: Muller's Lagoon, Bottom right: Bowen Skatebowl | image_alt = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|20|01|0|S|148|14|0|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | map_alt = | pop = 10377 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 4805 | elevation = 5 | elevation_footnotes = | area = 1768.7 | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 1159 | dir1 = NW | location1 = Brisbane | dist2 = 189 | dir2 = NW | location2 = Mackay | dist3 = 201 | dir3 = SE | location3 = Townsville | lga = Whitsunday Region | seat = | region = | county = | division = | stategov = Burdekin | fedgov = Dawson | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_footnotes = | managing_authorities = | url = | maxtemp = 28.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 19.8 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 1009.6 | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = Coral Sea | near-ne = Coral Sea | near-e = Gregory River | near-se = Mount Pluto | near-s = Lake Proserpine | near-sw = Bogie | near-w = Bogie | near-nw = Guthalungra | near = | footnotes = }}Bowen is a coastal town and locality in the Whitsunday Region on the eastern coast of Queensland, Australia.[1][2] The town of Merinda and the Abbot Point coal shipping port are also within the locality of Bowen.[3][4] At the 2016 census, Bowen had a population of 10,377.[5] GeographyBowen is located on the north-east coast, in North Queensland, Australia, at exactly twenty degrees south of the equator. Bowen is halfway between Townsville and Mackay, and {{convert|1130|km}} by road from Brisbane. Bowen sits on a square peninsula, with the Coral Sea to the north, east, and south. To the south-east is Port Denison.[6] On the western side, where the peninsula connects with the mainland, the Don River's alluvial plain provides fertile soil that supports a prosperous farming industry. Merinda is a hinterland town 8 km west of Bowen.[7] The Bruce Highway enters the locality from the east, approaches but does not enter the town of Bowen itself, but then turns west to pass through Merinda before exiting the locality to the north-west.[7] The North Coast railway line follows a similar route through the locality but enters the town of Bowen which is served by the Bowen railway station. At Merinda railway station, there is the junction with the Collinsville-Newlands railway line servicing the Bowen basin Coalfields.[8] The Collinsville-Newlands line extends to the coal-handling port at Abbot Point, also within the locality of Bowen. The railway station servicing the port is the Abbot Point railway station.[7][9] In the west of the locality is the Mount Aberdeen National Park.[7] Two of Bowen's main streets are named after officers of the British colonial paramilitary Native Police force. Powell Street is named after Lieutenant Walter David Taylor Powell and Williams Street is named after Lieutenant Ewan G. Williams.[10] EconomyThe town enjoys a diversified and prosperous economy based on agriculture, fishing, tourism, and mining. Its unusually dry climate for a tropical location, plus its fertile alluvial soil, makes it the ideal place to grow a wide variety of small crops, including tomatoes, rockmelons (i.e., cantaloupes), and capsicums (i.e., bell peppers). Outside the alluvial plain, much of the Bowen area is used for beef cattle. Just north of Bowen is the Abbot Point coal loading port. Coal mined inland of Bowen in Collinsville and other towns in the Bowen Basin is brought by rail to a deepwater pier to be loaded on bulk carriers. Coal is exported mainly to China and India. GovernmentIn 1944 Bowen elected a Communist, Fred Paterson, to Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was re-elected in 1947, but lost the seat in 1950 when the boundaries were changed to include Bowen in the seat of Whitsunday. Bowen was the administrative centre for the Shire of Bowen. On 15 March 2008, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, the Shire of Bowen merged with the Shire of Whitsunday to form the Whitsunday Region.[11][12] Although Proserpine is the administrative centre for the new regional council, the council maintains offices in Bowen and holds a number of council meetings in Bowen each year.[13][14] HistoryBritish exploration and incursionCaptain James Cook named Cape Gloucester on his voyage of exploration up the Australian coast in 1770. This "cape" turned out to be an island, and Gloucester Island dominates the view from Bowen's eastern beaches. Behind the island is a bay that forms an excellent port, which the town came to be built around. The first British exploration of this bay was in 1859 by Captain Henry Daniel Sinclair, in response to a reward offered by the colony of New South Wales for finding a port somewhere north of Rockhampton.[15] Sinclair named Port Denison after the colonial governor of New South Wales, William Denison. On 11 September 1860, George Elphinstone Dalrymple on his naval excursion in the schooner "Spitfire" to search for the mouth of the Burdekin River, landed in Port Denison. He named and climbed Mount Gordon to survey the region and observed that a river (later named the Don River) traversed a valley just behind Port Denison and into the sea. This river was "lined with camps and bush fires of the natives" indicating "the locality to be very thickly inhabited". The "Spitfire" continued its exploration north to Magnetic Island, but the surveyors came to the conclusion that the northeastern shore Port Denison was the most suitable site in the region for settlement especially as the large native wells present in a creek bed there could be utilised as a water supply. On 5 October, Dalrymple again came ashore to appropriate control of these wells. He writes: Confident in having secured a beach-head, Dalrymple explored the immediate vicinity near the wells that was to become the town of Bowen. He found a large Aboriginal tomb in the hills behind the beach that was in the form of a raised mound covered in bark with its surroundings swept clean and the paths leading to it closed off with branches. A similar tomb was found on nearby Stone Island. After a few days, Dalrymple and his surveying party on the "Spitfire" returned south. Establishment of the townIn 1861, George Elphinstone Dalrymple set out again for the area, leading an overland expedition from Rockhampton, complemented with a naval contingent to rendezvous at Port Denison and establish a permanent settlement. Dalrymple planned this two pronged entry into the area because 'a sudden cooperation of land and sea forces..would either strike terror, which would result in immediate flight, or enable a blow to be struck' against the local aboriginals of which many had been seen camped around the harbour. To facilitate this plan, Dalrymple travelled with Lieutenant Williams and six Native Police troopers, while Lieutenant Walter Powell and his troopers travelled on the ships. These ships were the Jeannie Dove and the Santa Barbara under the command of Capt. McDermott. The maritime group arrived first and waited for Dalrymple's overland party by camping on Stone Island at the mouth of the harbour. Dalrymple's group, which included 140 horses and 121 cattle, arrived on 11 April 1861. He rode down to the area on the foreshore 'beside the native wells' (which was to be the water supply of the settlement) in order 'to clear off the aborigines from the same, should such be necessary' and to signal McDermott's group on Stone Island. The local aboriginals had already fled. The settlers on Stone Island then came over to the site and the town of Port Denison was founded. Dalrymple wrote that it was 'Deeply gratifying to me to see the British flag flying over the spot where..a few days ago, the wild aboriginal held undisputed sway', and that the settlement marked 'the advance of another great wave of Anglo-Australian energy'.[17] After Queensland had separated from New South Wales, the town was renamed Bowen after the first Queensland colonial governor, Sir George Bowen. Port Denison Post Office opened in April 1861 and was renamed Bowen by 1865.[18] ShipwrecksIn 1863, the new settlers discovered a sailor, James Morril, who had been shipwrecked 17 years previously just to the north of Bowen. Morril made his home in the new town, and his grave is still to be seen in the Bowen cemetery. The coral reefs around Bowen have several shipwrecks, including the SS Gothenburg which sank in 1875 with a loss of more than 100 lives. Numerous relics of Bowen's history, from the Aboriginal past onwards, are on display at the Bowen Historical Society's museum. SchoolsBowen State School opened in 1865. Between 1877 and 1922, it operated as two schools: Bowen Boys State School and Bowen Girls and Infants State School. A secondary department was added to Bowen State School in 1928. On 23 January 1961, the secondary department was replaced by Bowen State High School.[23]St Mary's School was opened on 1 September 1872. Merinda Provisional School opened in 1898 and became Merinda State School on 1 January 1909. Queens Beach State School opened on 25 November 1940.[19] World War 2During World War 2 Bowen hosted an air force base, flying PBY Catalina flying boats to search for enemy ships and submarines. The concrete aprons and ramp are still present (2013), and silhouettes of two aircraft have been painted in. Heritage listingsBowen has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
PopulationAccording to the 2016 census of Population, there were 10,377 people in Bowen.
ClimateThe town is located in the dry tropics. It is noticeably drier than surrounding locations due to a rain shadow effect produced by the nearby Gloucester Island. Due to the town's latitude, the trade winds provide a pleasant breeze. The warmest month is January, with an average maximum temperature of 31 °C (88 °F). The coolest month is July, with an average maximum temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) and an average overnight minimum of 13 °C (57 °F). {{Weather box |location = Bowen |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 38.1 |Feb record high C = 39.4 |Mar record high C = 36.9 |Apr record high C = 35.2 |May record high C = 32.5 |Jun record high C = 30.0 |Jul record high C = 31.4 |Aug record high C = 31.5 |Sep record high C = 36.0 |Oct record high C = 35.7 |Nov record high C = 35.0 |Dec record high C = 38.1 |year record high C = 39.4 |Jan high C = 31.5 |Feb high C = 31.3 |Mar high C = 30.7 |Apr high C = 29.2 |May high C = 27.0 |Jun high C = 24.9 |Jul high C = 24.5 |Aug high C = 25.4 |Sep high C = 27.4 |Oct high C = 29.2 |Nov high C = 30.4 |Dec high C = 31.3 |year high C = 28.6 |Jan low C = 23.8 |Feb low C = 23.8 |Mar low C = 22.7 |Apr low C = 20.8 |May low C = 17.8 |Jun low C = 14.8 |Jul low C = 13.3 |Aug low C = 14.2 |Sep low C = 16.5 |Oct low C = 19.8 |Nov low C = 22.1 |Dec low C = 23.4 |year low C = 19.4 |Jan record low C = 17.7 |Feb record low C = 18.4 |Mar record low C = 16.5 |Apr record low C = 10.0 |May record low C = 6.9 |Jun record low C = 4.0 |Jul record low C = 4.2 |Aug record low C = 3.2 |Sep record low C = 6.4 |Oct record low C = 11.1 |Nov record low C = 14.6 |Dec record low C = 17.8 |year record low C = 3.2 |Jan rain mm = 176.5 |Feb rain mm = 228.1 |Mar rain mm = 121.1 |Apr rain mm = 58.6 |May rain mm = 43.6 |Jun rain mm = 23.4 |Jul rain mm = 20.4 |Aug rain mm = 22.2 |Sep rain mm = 11.0 |Oct rain mm = 12.5 |Nov rain mm = 53.7 |Dec rain mm = 143.3 |Jan rain days = 11.9 |Feb rain days = 12.6 |Mar rain days = 10.3 |Apr rain days = 8.2 |May rain days = 6.2 |Jun rain days = 5.1 |Jul rain days = 3.5 |Aug rain days = 2.6 |Sep rain days = 2.3 |Oct rain days = 3.4 |Nov rain days = 6.7 |Dec rain days = 9.4 |unit rain days = 0.2mm |source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology[26] |date=March 2014}} TelevisionBowen is serviced by Six free to air channels. Bowen picks up regional affiliates and can possibly pick up Brisbane channels. The Brisbane channels are:
The regional affiliates are:
Foxtel is also available in the Bowen area TourismBowen is on a peninsula, with ocean on three sides. This gives eight beaches surrounding the town, namely Kings Beach, Queens Beach, Horseshoe Bay, Murrays Bay, Greys Bay, Rose Bay, and the Front Beach. There is also the clothing-optional Coral Bay. Kings Beach offers views of nearby Gloucester Island. On the western half of Queens Beach and all of Kings Beach, it is permitted to walk a dog without a leash. The Big Mango, costing $90,000 to create, was erected in 2002 as a tourist attraction at the Bowen Tourist Information Centre. In February 2014, the 10-metre high, seven-tonne fibreglass structure was stolen in an overnight operation.[27] The mango was found the next day and it was later revealed that the theft had been a publicity stunt.[28] AustraliaIn December 2006, it was announced that Bowen was chosen as a filming location for a third of the production of Australia, directed by Baz Luhrmann and starring Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman, portraying the look of Darwin.[29] Bowen was chosen as a prospect due to the financing of $500,000 by the Queensland government.[30] The production moved to Bowen on 14 May 2007.[31] When it was announced that Australia was to be filmed in Bowen, locals painted a large "Bowenwood" sign on an old water tank on top of a hill, in a parody of the world-famous Hollywood sign. FacilitiesWhitsunday Regional Council operates Bowen Public Library at 67 Herbert Street.[32] The library opened in 1965 with refurbishments in 1978 and 2012.[33]Major airlines service Proserpine (Whitsunday Coast) airport located south of Bowen, this is the nearest major airport to the town. The Bowen branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Hall at 52 Herbert Street.[34] EntertainmentBowen boasts a cinema, the Summergarden Twin Theatre, the Denison Hotel, the Queens Beach Hotel, the Central Hotel, the North Australian Hotel, the Commercial Hotel, Barnacles Backpackers and the Grand View Hotel. It also offers four motels and seven caravan parks. There is also a golf course that overlooks Queens Beach. EducationBowen State School is a government co-educational primary school (P-6) at 29 Kennedy Street. In 2015, it had an enrolment of 480 students with 34 teachers (30 full-time equivalent).[35]Queens Beach State School is a government co-educational primary school (P-6) at 39 Tracey Street. In 2014 (when it was a P-7 school), it had an enrolment of 452 students with 32 teachers (30 full-time equivalent).[36] Merinda State School is a government co-educational primary school (P-6) at Bergl Street. In 2015, it had an enrolment of 87 students with 7 teachers (5 full-time equivalent).[37] St Mary's Catholic School is a Roman Catholic co-educational primary school (P-6) at 39 Poole Street. In 2015, it had an enrolment of 83 students.[38] Bowen State High School is a government co-education secondary school (7-12) at 1-9 Argyle Park Road. In 2015, it had an enrolment of 657 students with 58 teachers (56 full-time equivalent).[39] TAFE Queensland North is a government co-educational tertiary institute for vocational skills. Its Bowen campus is at 98-158 Queens Road. Before 2013, the Bowen campus was part of the Barrier Reef Institute of TAFE.[40]Notable residents
Sister cities
See also
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web|url=https://bowenshs.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Annual%20reports/Bowen%20State%20High%20School%20School%20Annual%20Report%202015.pdf|title=2015 School Annual Report|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Bowen State High School|access-date=18 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118214925/https://bowenshs.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Annual%20reports/Bowen%20State%20High%20School%20School%20Annual%20Report%202015.pdf|archivedate=18 January 2017|df=dmy-all}} 40. ^{{Cite web|url=http://tafenorth.edu.au/about-us/locations/bowen/#.WH65Z1N96Yk|title=Bowen - TAFE, Queensland|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=TAFE North Queensland|access-date=18 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118214722/http://tafenorth.edu.au/about-us/locations/bowen/#.WH65Z1N96Yk|archivedate=18 January 2017|df=dmy-all}} 41. ^{{Cite web|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-sir-charles-newton-12182|title = Sir Charles Newton Barton (1907 - 1987)|date = 2007|accessdate = 30 March 2015|website = Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher = |last = |first = |deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141225151707/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-sir-charles-newton-12182|archivedate = 25 December 2014|df = dmy-all}} 42. ^{{Cite web|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bethel-edith-12795|title = Bethel, Edith (1871–1929)|date = 2005|accessdate = 30 March 2015|website = Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher = |last = |first = |deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180141/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bethel-edith-12795|archivedate = 2 April 2015|df = dmy-all}} 43. ^{{Cite web|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darwen-douglas-james-jim-12403|title = Darwen, Douglas James (Jim) (1906–1988)|date = 2007|accessdate = 30 March 2015|website = Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher = |last = |first = |deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150405151924/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darwen-douglas-james-jim-12403|archivedate = 5 April 2015|df = dmy-all}} 44. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tourismbowen.com.au/BTG15-16-Web.pdf|title=Bowen and Collinsville|last=|first=|date=|website=Tourism Bowen|publisher=|page=14|access-date=18 August 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315045519/http://www.tourismbowen.com.au/BTG15-16-Web.pdf|archivedate=15 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Bowen, Queensland}}
6 : Towns in Queensland|Coastal towns in Queensland|North Queensland|Whitsunday Region|1861 establishments in Australia|Bowen, Queensland |
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