| 词条 | British Rail Class 465 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = British Rail Class 465 Networker | image = 465174 leaving London Victoria (27244523631).jpg | caption = 465176 at {{stnlnk|London Victoria}} in 2016 | interiorimage = 465173 DMSO Interior.jpg | imagesize = 300px | interiorcaption = The refreshed interior of 465173 in 2013 | background = #012545; color: white; | manufacturer = British Rail Engineering Limited ABB Rail Metro Cammell | family = Networker | operator = Southeastern | formation = 4 cars per unit | numberbuilt = 147 units | yearconstruction = 1991 - 1994 | fleetnumbers = | service = 13 October 1992 - Current[1] | refurbishment = {{ubl|2005 (465/9 at Wabtec Rail, Doncaster Works)|2010 - 2012/15}} | replaced = {{ubl|{{brc|415}}|{{brc|416}}|{{brc|423}}}} | weight = Total - {{convert|136|t|1}} | carlength = {{ubl|{{convert|20.89|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} (DMSO, DMCO)|{{convert|20.06|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} (Other vehicles)[2]}} | width = {{convert|2.81|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}[2] | height = {{convert|3.77|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} | capacity = 348 seats (465/0, 465/1, 465/2)[2] | maxspeed = {{convert|75|mph|abbr=on|0}}[2] | poweroutput = {{convert|1608|hp|kW|abbr=on}} | gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}} | electricsystem = 750 V DC third rail | collectionmethod = Contact shoe |coupling = Tightlock }} The British Rail Class 465 Networker electric multiple units were built by Metro Cammell, and by British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL)[3] between 1991 and 1993 and then ABB Rail between 1993 and 1994. They were brought into service from 1992 and operated by Network SouthEast until 1997, then by Connex South Eastern until 2003, South Eastern Trains until 2006 and Southeastern to the present day. They are mostly used on suburban routes serving the South East of England, although they have also been occasionally spotted elsewhere throughout Kent including the Kent Coast Line which is normally operated by Class 375s. History of the classNetwork SouthEast began the planning for the development of the Class 465 Networker in 1988, and invited a tender for 710 of the units to be built.[4] The Class 465 was introduced in order to replace the 41-year-old Class 415 (4EPB) slam-door EMUs.[5]All trains were originally supplied in Network SouthEast livery and branded "Kent Link Networker".[5] Accidents and incidents{{main|2018 Lewisham train strandings}}On 2 March 2018, Class 465 units formed some of the trains that became stranded in the {{rws|Lewisham}} area due to inclement weather affecting conductor rails. Units 465 003 and 465164 were amongst the nine involved.[6] Two manufacturersBoth manufacturers' units look similar in design; the major differences are the lack of aircraft-style overhead air vents on those produced by Metro Cammell (465/2), and the BREL (465/0) and ABB (465/1) units also feature slightly different dot matrix displays on the front and rear of the train to show the route number and destination, compared to the Metro Cammell units. There are other minor differences in door switches and audible chimes, window shapes and exterior panelling.[4] The maximum speed of a Class 465 Networker is {{convert|75|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}[7] and they are designed only for 750 V DC third rail operation. A Solid State Traction Converter package controls 3-phase AC Traction motors, which allows for Rheostatic or Regenerative Dynamic braking.[7] Primary braking system is electro-pneumatically actuated disc brakes, which is blended with the Dynamic brakes.[7] Tachometers on every axle of the unit provide for Wheel Slip/Slide Protection.[7] Traction equipment replacementPlans were drawn up in 2007 to improve reliability of the BREL and ABB units (Class 465/0 and 465/1) by the installation of new traction equipment.[16] The new package, commissioned by Southeastern and HSBC Rail, was developed by Hitachi Rail – which also developed the {{brc|395}}. It was retrofitted across Southeastern's 97 trains over the course of 2009/2010. Brush Traction, the supplier/manufacturer of the original traction equipment, worked as consultants to assist in retro-fitting the new equipment.[8][9] RefurbishmentIn 2005, 34 465/2 units (465201-465234) were given an extensive refurbishment.[1] This included new interior panelling, new flooring, new lighting, new seat moquette (in the same grey and blue design as on the Class 375 Electrostars) and the addition of a new first class seating area at the front and rear of the units, amongst other changes.[1] This was done with the intention that they would be cascaded to outer-suburban routes alongside the Class 375s; they would be replaced on inner suburban services by Class 376 units. They were reclassified as a separate sub-fleet designated 465/9 (465901–465934) and replaced the remaining life-expired Class 423 4-VEP slam-door stock. This was coming to the end of its life on Kent outer-suburban services, and did not comply with modern health & safety requirements; the last Class 423s were withdrawn in October 2005.[1] From 2010 all Class 465/1 and 465/2s had an overhaul of door systems, air systems, couplings and trailer bogies. The overhaul was carried out by RailCare for Eversholt Rail Group and was completed on 21 May 2012.[10] Fleet detailsProduction and numbering
Detailed specifications{{unreferenced section|date=February 2017}}
References1. ^1 2 3 Class 465/466: Kent Link Networker Page 3 - Kent Rail. Retrieved 2013-01-01. 2. ^1 2 3 465/2 - GEC-ALSTOM - Angel Trains. Retrieved 2013-04-09. 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/upload/class-465.pdf|title=Manufacturer BREL: Class 465 Electric Multiple Unit data sheet|format=pdf|publisher=Eversholt Leasing|accessdate=2017-10-03}} 4. ^1 Classes 465 and 466 - Welcome to the Southern E-Group Web Site. Retrieved 2010-12-17 5. ^1 Class 465/466: Kent Link Networker Page 1 - Kent Rail. Retrieved 2013-01-01. 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/788622/190325_R022019_Lewisham.pdf |title=Self-detrainment of passengers onto lines that were still electrically live at Lewisham, London 2 March 2018 |publisher=Rail Accident Investigation Branch |accessdate=25 March 2019}} 7. ^1 2 3 Connex South Eastern: Train Operating Manual Classes 365,465,466. (Unit information) January 1998. 8. ^1 Networkers get a traction transplant - Railway Gazette. Retrieved 2011-03-18 9. ^CLASS 465 TRAINS WITH NEW HITACHI TRACTION DRIVE HANDED BACK TO SOUTHEASTERN AS SCHEDULED {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430083442/http://www.hitachi-rail.com/rail_now/hot_topics/2009/090323/index.html |date=30 April 2009 }} - Hitachi-Rail.com Retrieved 2011-03-18. 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/news/eversholt-rail-group-completes-class-465-0-and-465-1-fleet-refurbishment|title=Eversholt Rail|publisher=}} External links{{Commons category|British Rail Class 465}}{{Networker}}{{British Rail EMU}} 2 : British Rail electric multiple units|BREL products |
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