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| 释义 |
| name = Byron Nelson | image = Byron Nelson by Acme, 1944.jpg | image_size = 230 | caption = c. 1944 | fullname = John Byron Nelson Jr. | nickname = Lord Byron | birth_date = {{birth date|1912|2|4}} | birth_place = Waxahachie, Texas, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2006|9|26|1912|2|4}} | death_place = Roanoke, Texas, U.S. | height = {{height|ft=6|in=1}} | nationality = {{USA}} | spouse = Louise Shofner Nelson (1913–1985) (m. 1934–1985) Peggy Simmons Nelson (b. 1944) (m. 1986–2006)[1] | yearpro = 1932 | retired = 1946 | extour = PGA Tour | prowins = 64 | pgawins = 52 (6th all time) | otherwins = 12 | majorwins = 5 | masters = Won: 1937, 1942 | usopen = Won: 1939 | open = 5th: 1937 | pga = Won: 1940, 1945 | wghofid = byron-nelson | wghofyear = 1974 | award1 = Vardon Trophy | year1 = 1939 | award2 = PGA Tour leading money winner | year2 = 1944, 1945 | award3 = Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year | year3 = 1944, 1945 | award4 = Bob Jones Award | year4 = 1974 | award5 = PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award | year5 = 1997 | award6 = Payne Stewart Award | year6 = 2000 | award7 = Congressional Gold Medal | year7 = 2006 | awardssection = #Awards }} John Byron Nelson Jr. (February 4, 1912 – September 26, 2006) was an American professional golfer between 1935 and 1946, widely considered one of the greatest golfers of his generation, and widely considered one of the greatest golfers of all time. Nelson and two other legendary champions of the time, Ben Hogan and Sam Snead, were born within seven months of each other in 1912.[2][3] Although he won many tournaments in the course of his relatively brief career, he is mostly remembered today for having won 11 consecutive tournaments and 18 total tournaments in 1945. He retired officially at the age of 34 to be a rancher, later becoming a commentator and lending his name to the HP Byron Nelson Championship, the first PGA Tour event to be named for a professional golfer. As a former Masters champion he continued to play in that annual tournament, placing in the top-10 six times between 1947 and 1955 and as high as 15th in 1965.[4] In 1974, Byron Nelson received the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf.[5] Nelson became the second recipient of the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997, and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame[5] in 1974. He received the 1994 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, GCSAA's highest honor. Nelson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2006. Early lifeBorn near Waxahachie, Texas, Byron Nelson was the son of Madge Allen Nelson and John Byron Nelson Sr. His parents set a precedent for him not only in their long lives — Madge Nelson lived to age 98, and her husband to age 77 — but also in their religious commitment. Madge, who had grown up Baptist, was baptized in the Church of Christ at age 18, and John Byron Sr., raised Presbyterian, was baptized in the Church of Christ soon after meeting Madge. The senior Byron Nelson went on to serve as an elder in the Roanoke Church of Christ, and the younger Byron Nelson was a committed member of that congregation — even performing janitorial services there from time to time long after he became famous – he later placed his membership at the Hilltop Church of Christ in Roanoke from 1989 until 2000, when he moved his membership to the Richland Hills Church of Christ in North Richland Hills, Texas in later life.[6] When Nelson was 11 years old, the family moved to Fort Worth, where he barely survived typhoid fever after losing nearly half his body weight to the disease, which also left him unable to sire children. Soon after his baptism at age 12, he started caddying at Glen Garden Country Club.[6] On his caddying days, Nelson said, "I knew nothing about caddying at first, but it wasn't difficult to learn. The other caddies, though, didn't like to see any new ones, because that might mean they wouldn't get a job sometime."[7] An article on Nelson in Sports Illustrated noted that initially caddies were not permitted to play at the club: "[H]e would often practice in the dark, putting his white handkerchief over the hole so he could find it in the darkness."[8] The club later changed its policy and sponsored a caddie tournament, where a 14-year-old Nelson beat fellow caddie and future golf great Ben Hogan by a single stroke after a nine-hole playoff.[6][8] Nelson and Hogan were rivals but close friends in their teen years, and for the first part of their professional careers as well, but Nelson's early success was difficult for the struggling Hogan to deal with, and they gradually grew apart, while retaining mutual respect.[9] In 1934, Nelson was working as a golf pro in Texarkana, Arkansas, when he met future wife Louise Shofner, to whom he was married for 50 years, before she died in 1985 after two severe strokes.[1][6] Professional careerChampionship heydayAfter turning professional in 1932, Nelson served as a club professional in Texas, and played as many significant tournaments as he could afford, to develop his game. Money was tight, as Texas was hit very hard by the Great Depression. A pair of top-three finishes in important Texas events encouraged him. He then took a club professional's job at the Ridgewood Country Club in New Jersey in 1935. He worked hard on his game, having earlier realized that with the technological change from hickory to steel shafts, which was gathering momentum in the early 1930s, that the golf swing would have to adapt as well. Nelson was among the first of a new generation of players who developed a full swing with increased leg drive leading the downswing; this is the forerunner of modern golf technique as practiced by top players, right to the present day. Nelson is sometimes credited as being the father of the modern golf swing. He refined the changes for a couple of years, and then took his game to the highest level of competition, the PGA Tour.[10] Nelson waited until 1935 to post his first significant victory, at the New Jersey State Open. He followed this up with a win at the Metropolitan Open the following year. He reportedly won this tournament with "$5 in my pocket".[11] In 1937, Nelson was hired as the head professional at the Reading Country Club in Reading, Pennsylvania, and worked there until 1940, when he took a new job as head pro at the Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio.[9] Wins major championshipsNelson won his first major title at The Masters in 1937, two shots ahead of runner-up Ralph Guldahl. During this tournament he shot a first-round 66, which was the lowest first round score at the Masters until 1976, when Raymond Floyd had 65 en route to his victory.[12] Nelson won four more majors, the U.S. Open in 1939, the PGA Championship in 1940 and 1945, and a second Masters in 1942. Nelson had a blood disorder that caused his blood to clot four times slower than normal, which kept him out of military service during World War II. It has sometimes mistakenly been reported that he had hemophilia; this is not true.[13] During the war, Nelson gave hundreds of golf exhibitions across the country to raise money for charitable causes.[10] In his career, Nelson won 52 professional events, and, along with Harold "Jug" McSpaden, was one of golf's "Gold Dust Twins".[14] Nelson won the Vardon Trophy in 1939.[23] He played on two Ryder Cup teams, in 1937 and 1947, and was non-playing captain in 1965.[23] After 1946, Nelson curtailed his schedule, although he continued to make regular appearances at The Masters as a competitor, played occasional Tour events, appeared in a few overseas tournaments, and later served as a ceremonial starter for many years.[23] Record-breaking yearIn 1945 Nelson enjoyed a record-breaking year, winning 18 of 35 PGA tournaments including 11 in a row.[15] Both records are still yet to be beaten. Nelson however lost many chances at major championships during this year, and previous years, because of the war, and only won the 1945 PGA Championship.[15] There has been debate to how impressive these results are, as it was believed to be a weakened tour due to the war.[28] But in reality many of the leading golfers of that time, including Sam Snead and Ben Hogan still played a full or at least part schedule that year.[28] Both Snead and Hogan won multiple times on the tour in 1945.[28] During this year Nelson finished second another 7 times, set a record for the scoring average (68.33 for 18 holes) that was broken by Tiger Woods in 2000, a record 18 hole score (62), and a record 72-hole score (259, which beat the previous record set by Ben Hogan earlier that year).[16] This year is now known as the greatest single year by a player on the PGA Tour, as Arnold Palmer said: "I don't think that anyone will ever exceed the things that Byron did by winning 11 tournaments in a row in one year."[17] Even more recently, Tiger Woods referred to the year as "one of the greatest years in the history of the sport."[17] Cut streakNelson's record of 113 consecutive cuts made is second only to Tiger Woods' 142. The PGA Tour defines a "cut" as receiving a paycheck, even if an event has no cut per se. In Nelson's era, only the top 20 in a tournament received a check. In reality, Nelson's "113 consecutive cuts made" are representative of his unequaled 113 consecutive top 20 tournament finishes. Almost half of those top 20s were during the weakened tour war years of 1944 & 1945. In fact, 26 of Nelson's 52 tour wins were during those two weakened tour years of 1944 & 1945. Before 1944 he had never won more than 4 events in any year. RetirementNelson retired officially at the relatively early age of 34 to be a rancher, later becoming a commentator and lending his name to the Byron Nelson Golf Classic, the first PGA Tour event to be named for a professional golfer. As a former Masters champion he continued to play in that annual tournament, placing in the top-10 six times between 1947 and 1955, and as high as 15th in 1965.[4] From 1947 to 1955 Nelson played in 12 majors and won none. During that same time frame Ben Hogan played in just 19 majors and won 8. Over nearly 70 years in the golf game, Nelson played with many celebrities and well-known personalities, including: Roone Arledge, Bing Crosby, James Garner, Bob Hope, Bobby Knight, Randolph Scott, Ed Sullivan, Johnny Weissmuller, Lawrence Welk, and Babe Zaharias.[18] Coach and mentorAmong the rising golf talents Nelson coached and mentored, from the 1950s to the 1970s, are Ken Venturi, Marty Fleckman, and Tom Watson. Death and legacyNelson died Tuesday, September 26, 2006.[36][19][20] According to a family friend, Nelson died at his Roanoke, Texas home around noon. He was survived by Peggy, his wife of nearly 20 years, sister Margaret Ellen Sherman, and brother Charles, a professor emeritus at Abilene Christian University, where Byron Nelson had been a trustee and benefactor. Nelson met his second wife, the former Peggy Simmons,[1] when she volunteered at the Bogie Busters celebrity golf tournament in Dayton, Ohio in 1985.[21] Nelson was often referred to as "Lord Byron", after the English poet by that name, in recognition of his reputation for gentlemanly conduct, a nickname given him by Atlanta sports journalist O. B. Keeler.[22] Many of his obituaries referenced this reputation.[23][24] Nelson had several successful years as a television golf commentator. Nelson had a significant role in the development of Tom Watson as a world-class player in the mid-1970s, and had earlier mentored Ken Venturi in the 1950s, while he was a rising star.[25] Nelson was ranked as the fifth greatest golfer of all time by Golf Digest magazine in 2000. On this list, Jack Nicklaus was first, Nelson's longtime rivals Ben Hogan and Sam Snead were second and third respectively, and Bobby Jones was fourth.[26] A 2009 Sports Illustrated panel ranked him seventh on its list of all-time greatest golfers, behind Nicklaus, Tiger Woods, Jones, Hogan, Snead, and Arnold Palmer.[27] The "Iron Byron" electro-mechanical machine or robot, developed by Battelle Memorial Institute and True Temper Sports and used by the United States Golf Association and golf manufacturers to compare and test clubs and balls for conformity to standards, was named for Nelson, honoring the consistency of his swing. In Jack Nicklaus's 1978 book On and Off the Fairway, Nicklaus wrote that Nelson was the straightest golfer he ever saw. The two never played competitively, but a 14-year-old Nicklaus was in the crowd at the 1954 U.S. Junior Amateur, when Nelson gave an exhibition hitting golf shots.[28] Posthumous honorsState Highway 114 Business through Roanoke, Texas is named Byron Nelson Boulevard, in honor of Nelson's residence; the street he lived on was recently changed to Eleven Straight Lane in honor of his 1945 record. In Irving, Texas a street immediately adjacent to the Four Seasons Resort and Club, where the HP Byron Nelson Championship is played each year, is named Byron Nelson Lane. A street in Southlake, Texas, Byron Nelson Parkway, was named in his honor, as was a street in a residential neighborhood in McAllen, Texas. On October 16, 2006, President George W. Bush approved H.R. 4902 awarding Byron Nelson the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest award that can be bestowed by the Legislative Branch of the United States government. The resolution cites Mr. Nelson's "significant contributions to the game of golf as a player, a teacher, and a commentator." Representative Michael C. Burgess (R-TX) sponsored the resolution, originally proposed March 8, 2006, well before Nelson's death.[29] Senate Resolution 602 memorialized Nelson on September 29, 2006.[30] On April 23, 2007 the Northwest Independent School District named their second high school Byron Nelson High School. This is the first high school named in honor of Byron Nelson, and opened in the fall of 2009. The school is located in Trophy Club, Texas, near Nelson's hometown of Roanoke.[31] Artist Chelle Adams painted two portraits of Byron Nelson in dedication which hang in the school's auditorium. Orange County Choppers built three choppers in dedication which were auctioned off. Professional winsPGA Tour wins (52)
Major championships are shown in bold. Source:[32] Other wins (12)
Major championshipsWins (5)
1 Defeated Craig Wood and Denny Shute in a 36-hole playoff - Nelson (68-70=138), Wood (68-73=141), Shute (76) (eliminated after first 18) 2 Defeated Ben Hogan in an 18-hole playoff - Nelson 69 (−3), Hogan 70 (−2) Results timeline
NT = no tournament WD = withdrew CUT = missed the half-way cut R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play "T" indicates a tie for a place Summary
Awards
See also{{portal|Golf}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/27/sports/golf/27anderson.html?_r=0 |newspaper=New York Times |last=Anderson |first=Dave |authorlink=Dave Anderson (sportswriter) |title=An honor for Byron Nelson, Golf's patron saint |date=June 27, 2007 |accessdate=June 1, 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://golf.about.com/od/golfersmen/p/ben_hogan.htm |title=Ben Hogan |publisher=About.com |last=Kelley |first=Brent |accessdate=May 25, 2007}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://golf.about.com/od/golfersmen/p/sam_snead.htm |title=Sam Snead |publisher=About.com |last=Kelley |first=Brent |accessdate=May 25, 2007}} 4. ^1 Historic Augusta Leaderboards 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.worldgolfhalloffame.org/byron-nelson/ |title=Byron Nelson profile |publisher=World Golf Hall of Fame |accessdate=January 16, 2014}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://www.christianchronicle.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=474 |title=Legendary golfer Byron Nelson, a faithful church member, dies at 94 |first=Bobby Jr. |last=Ross|work=The Christian Chronicle |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024041952/http://www.christianchronicle.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=474 |archivedate=2007-10-24 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite book |title=The Gigantic Book of Golf Quotations |editor-first=Jim |editor-last=Apfelbaum |year=2007 |publisher=World Golf Hall of Fame |isbn=978-1-60239-014-0}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/magazine/09/26/byron.nelson/index.html?section=si_topstories |title=Grace, style and morality: Nelson will be known as 'legend who will never fade' |first=Art |last=Stricklin |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=September 26, 2006 |accessdate=November 2, 2006}} 9. ^1 {{cite book |title=Ben Hogan: An American Life |first=James |last=Dodson |year=2004 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=978-0-385-50312-9}} 10. ^1 {{cite book |title=Gettin' to the Dance Floor: An Oral History of American Golf |first=Al |last=Barkow |authorlink=Al Barkow |year=1985 |publisher=Atheneum |isbn=978-0689115172}} 11. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.golfonline.com/golfonline/features/kessler/columnist/0,17742,545269-3,00.html |title=Golf's great gentleman looks back – and ahead |accessdate=May 22, 2007 |last=Kessler |first=Peter |magazine=Golf Magazine |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927231301/http://www.golfonline.com/golfonline/features/kessler/columnist/0%2C17742%2C545269-3%2C00.html |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/golf/stories/092706dnnewnelsonchrono.321c420.html |title=A course for success |accessdate=May 22, 2007 |last=Townsend |first=Brad |newspaper=The Dallas Morning News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103054912/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/golf/stories/092706dnnewnelsonchrono.321c420.html |archivedate=November 3, 2006}} 13. ^{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Byron |title=How I Played the Game |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing |isbn=978-0-87833-819-1}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://talesfromthebunker.com/harold-%E2%80%9Cjug%E2%80%9D-mcspaden-the-other-gold-dust-twin/ |title=Tales from the Bunker" Harold "Jug" McSpaden – The Other "Gold Dust Twin" |date=September 5, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113161637/http://talesfromthebunker.com/harold-%E2%80%9Cjug%E2%80%9D-mcspaden-the-other-gold-dust-twin/ |archivedate=January 13, 2014 |df= }} 15. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://golf.about.com/od/golfersmen/p/byron_nelson.htm |title=Byron Nelson |publisher=About.com |last=Kelley |first=Brent |accessdate=May 18, 2007}} 16. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://golf.about.com/od/golfersmen/a/menstop10years_3.htm |title=Top 10 Individual Seasons in Men's Golf History |publisher=About.com |last=Kelley |first=Brent |accessdate=May 21, 2007}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://thesandtrap.com/columns/profiles/byron_nelson |title=Byron Nelson |publisher=The Sand Trap |date=September 29, 2006 |first=Jeff |last=Smith |accessdate=May 22, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015203742/http://thesandtrap.com/columns/profiles/byron_nelson |archivedate=October 15, 2008 |df= }} 18. ^{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Byron |title=How I Played the Game |year=1993 |publisher=Taylor Publishing Company |location=Dallas, Texas |isbn=0-87833-819-5|pages=221–247}} 19. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/golf/stories/092706dnmetnelsonob.1bd747e3.html |title=Byron Nelson: Golf's legend, par excellence |first1=Brad |last1=Townsend |first2=Bill |last2=Nichols |newspaper=The Dallas Morning News |date=September 27, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206200228/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/golf/stories/092706dnmetnelsonob.1bd747e3.html |archivedate=February 6, 2007}} 20. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/golf/5383458.stm |title=American Golf Legend Nelson Dies |work=BBC Sport |date=September 26, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513103110/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/golf/5383458.stm |archivedate=May 13, 2012}} 21. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/s/content/oh/story/sports/pro/2006/09/26/ddn092706nelson.html |title=Dayton was Byron Nelson's 2nd home |first=Bucky |last=Albers |date=September 27, 2006 |newspaper=Dayton Daily News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930183531/http://www.daytondailynews.com/s/content/oh/story/sports/pro/2006/09/26/ddn092706nelson.html |archivedate=September 30, 2007}} 22. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/sports/golf/26cnd-nelson.html?ex=1162616400&en=6fed6abefdbd45cb&ei=5070 |title=Byron Nelson, Golf Champion, Is Dead at 94 |first=Richard |last=Goldstein |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 26, 2006 |accessdate=November 1, 2006}} 23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.golfweek.com/ourtake/287135217111292.php |title=Legendary memories: Byron Nelson was larger than life, and I was lucky to call him a friend |first=Jeff |last=Rude |work=Golf Week |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031205900/http://www.golfweek.com/ourtake/287135217111292.php |archivedate=October 31, 2006}} 24. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15021575/ |title=Death of Nelson shuts door on greatest era: 'Lord Byron' embodied the essence of the game like no one else |first=Mike |last=Celizic |work=MSNBC |date=October 3, 2006 |accessdate=November 2, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031014131/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15021575/ |archivedate=October 31, 2006 }} 25. ^{{cite book |title=The Match: The Day the Game of Golf Changed Forever |last=Frost |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Frost |year=2007 |publisher=Hyperion Books |isbn=978-1-4013-0278-8 }} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0HFI/is_7_51/ai_63015233 |title=50 Greatest Golfers of All Time: And What They Taught Us |accessdate=2007-12-05 |last=Yocom |first=Guy |date=July 2000 |work=Golf Digest |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217174706/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0HFI/is_7_51/ai_63015233 |archivedate=2007-12-17 |df= }} 27. ^{{cite book |title=The Golf Book' |page=147 |publisher=Sports Illustrated |year=2009 |isbn=978-1603200851}} 28. ^{{cite book |title=On and Off the Fairway |first1=Jack |last1=Nicklaus |authorlink1=Jack Nicklaus |first2=Ken |last2=Bowden |year=1978 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |asin=B003LA89N6}} 29. ^{{USPL|109|357}} (Byron Nelson Congressional Gold Medal Act) 30. ^[https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/senate-resolution/602?r=33 Senate Resolution 602 (2006)] 31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nisdtx.org/12071042616198250/blank/browse.asp?a=383&BMDRN=2000&BCOB=0&c=64446 |title=A Look at Northwest ISD's Second High School |accessdate=May 19, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126230657/http://www.nisdtx.org/12071042616198250/blank/browse.asp?a=383&BMDRN=2000&BCOB=0&c=64446 |archivedate=November 26, 2010}} 32. ^{{cite book |last=Barkow |first=Al |author-link=Al Barkow |title=The History of the PGA TOUR |publisher=Doubleday |year=1989 |isbn=0-385-26145-4 |page=263 }} External links
|list1={{The Masters champions}}{{U.S. Open champions}}{{PGA Champions}} }}{{navboxes|title=Byron Nelson in the Ryder Cup |list1={{American Ryder Cup Captains}}{{1937 United States Ryder Cup team}}{{1947 United States Ryder Cup team}}{{1965 United States Ryder Cup team}} }}{{Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year navbox}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nelson, Byron}} 14 : American male golfers|PGA Tour golfers|Ryder Cup competitors for the United States|Winners of men's major golf championships|World Golf Hall of Fame inductees|Congressional Gold Medal recipients|Golf writers and broadcasters|Golfers from Texas|Abilene Christian University people|American members of the Churches of Christ|People from Waxahachie, Texas|People from Roanoke, Texas|1912 births|2006 deaths |
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