| 词条 | Caravaca de la Cruz |
| 释义 |
| name = Caravaca de la Cruz | settlement_type = Municipality | official_name = | native_name = | image_skyline = Caravaca de la Cruz Murcia Espana.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Panorama of Caravaca | image_flag = | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Caravaca.svg | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Spain | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous community | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Murcia}} | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Murcia | subdivision_type3 = Comarca | subdivision_name3 = Comarca del Noroeste | subdivision_type4 = Judicial district | subdivision_name4 = Caravaca de la Cruz | seat_type = | seat = | coordinates = {{coord|38|6|N|1|52|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | elevation_m = 800 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 859 | established_title = | established_date = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 25730| population_as_of = 2018| population_demonym = Caravaqueño, ña| population_note = | population_density_km2 = auto| blank_name_sec1 = Official language(s)| blank_info_sec1 = | timezone = CET| utc_offset = +1| timezone_DST = CEST| utc_offset_DST = +2| postal_code_type = Postal code| postal_code = 30400| area_code_type = Dialing code| area_code = | leader_title = Alcalde| leader_name = José Moreno (2015)| leader_party = PSOE| website = {{official website|http://www.caravaca.org/}}| footnotes = }}Caravaca de la Cruz(or simply and more commonly Caravaca) is a town and municipality of southeastern Spain in the region of Murcia, near the left bank of the River Argos, a tributary of the Segura. This city is the capital of the northwest Region of Murcia. It has a population of 26,449 as of 2010 (INE). In 1900 it had 15,846 inhabitants{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}.It is the Fifth Holy City of Catholic Christianity, having been granted the privilege to celebrate the jubilee year in perpetuity in 1998 by the then Pope John Paul II), along with Rome, Jerusalem, Santiago de Compostela and Camaleño (Monastery of Santo Toribio de Liébana). It celebrates its jubilee every seven years; the first being in 2003, when it was visited by the then Cardinal Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI. In 2010 the second jubilee was celebrated, and it surpassed the one million mark of visits received in 2003. Festivities of International Tourist Interest since 2004.Caravaca is dominated by the medieval Santuario de la Vera Cruz (Sanctuary of True Cross), and contains several convents and a fine parish church, with a miraculous cross celebrated for its healing power, in honor of which a yearly festival is held on 3 May. Caravaca is home to many monuments and museums, many of which are important tourist attractions. The hills which extend to the north are rich in marble and iron. The town is a considerable industrial centre, with large iron-works, tanneries and paper, chocolate and oil factories.Besides being known by the Christian relic, it also has a festival in honor of it, held between 1 and 5 May of each year, declared of International Tourist Interest in 2004. Along with processions and parades of Moors and Christians, the celebration of Horses of Wine is especially relevant, which now aspires to be the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.The Neoclassical painter Rafael Tejeo was born in Caravaca.A gigantic archeological site was found in January 2009. It is composed of 1300 graves from 2400 to 1950 BC. == Museums ==* Museo de la Vera Cruz. Inside the Castle of Santa Cruz.* Museo de la Fiesta. Relative to the Festivities in honor of the Santisima y Vera Cruz de Caravaca.* Museo José Carrilero. Sculpture* Museo Arqueológico Municipal* Museo de música étnica de Barranda* Museo Etnográfico en Miniatura "Angel Reinón"== Monuments ==* Castle and Basilica of Vera Cruz, where they worship the Cross of Caravaca. Located within the Real Alcázar of Islamic origins;* Iglesia Parroquial de "El Salvador", one of the finest examples of Renaissance architecture in the region of Murcia (16th century);* Church of the Holy Conception, with a large tower, within which highlights its coffered ceiling of painted wood (16th century);* Church of the Jesuits, that is currently used as municipal cultural center (17th century);* Carmelite Convent and Church Mothers of St. Joseph, of rococo style;* Discalced Carmelite Convent (founded by St. John of the Cross in 1586);* Church and Convent of Santa Clara, founded in 1609* City Hall, Baroque, and whose original layout corresponds to Jaime Bort;* The "Templete", Baroque-style building and hexagonal inscribed in a circle, which marks the bath Santisima y Vera Cruz de Caravaca each May 3, ritual act that has been celebrated since 1384;* The Plaza de Toros, built on a former Franciscan friary, which opened in 1880 and was added with the renovation of 1926, a front neomudejar.* Several monuments Valencian sculptor Rafael Pi Belda: A San Juan de la Cruz (1983), The Moor and Christian (1986), Via Crucis (2000, Royal Basilica Santuario de la Vera Cruz de Caravaca), a work commemorating the award the Holy See of the Jubilee Year in perpetuity to the Basilica Santuario de la Vera Cruz de Caravaca (2001) and the Horses of Wine (2007). There are more sculptures of other artists as Antonio Campillo Párraga and José Carrilero Gil*The Medieval District (around the castle)*Calle Mayor,Calle de las Monjas, Calle de Rafael Tejeo, Calle Puentecilla, etc. are old streets in Caravaca with examples of houses with the typical coat of arms.== Notable people ==* Mista, retired footballer* José Manuel Martínez Toral, (born 29 October 1960), is a Spanish retired footballer* Rafael Tegeo, (November 1798 – October 1856) was a Spanish painter in the Neoclassic style* Luis Leante, (born June 6, 1963), commonly known as Luis Leante, is a Spanish novelist and Latin professor.== Festivities ==Festivities in honor of the Santisima y Vera Cruz de Caravaca. Declared of International Tourist Interest in November 2004, held from 1 to 5 May. Include the following acts:Competition Southeast Migas. "Night of the crumbs. " April 30.Bareback horse contest. May 1.Processions accompanying the Cruz de Moros y Cristianos (2 and 3 May).Fiesta de la Santisima y Vera Cruz (May 3).Moors and Christians parade (May 4).Procession of the Holy and Vera Cruz. (May 5).== Legend of the Holy Cross and the May Festival ==In the early 8th century, Arabs and Berbers invaded the Iberian peninsula and occupied the territory. It took almost 800 years for Christians to reconquest the land.In about the middle of that period, in the year 1231 (or 1232 by some accounts), a miracle occurred in the southeastern Spanish town of Caravaca de la Cruz. The town is set among the rugged sierras of Murcia, which at that time was still a Moorish kingdom under Zeyt-Abuzeyt. Being several generations away from the initial invaders, Zeyt-Abuzeyt was from a line of well-established Moorish monarchs and one of his duties was to protect the region from invasion by the Christians. The Christian Reconquesta took various forms; from fighting to gradual infiltration through missionaries.One such Christian missionary was Don Gínes Pérez Chirinos de Cuenca. He was captured and taken before the Muslim king who was curious about certain aspects of the Christian faith. In particular, he was interested in the Christian celebration of the Last Supper and asked the missionary to demonstrate the procedure. One can imagine the priest would be reluctant to do this - in those days only believers were present during the sacrament. Nevertheless, he agreed and the king arranged for the necessary apparatus: an altar draped with a pall cloth, bread and wine, and some candles. One important element, however, was missing: the cross.The missionary explained that the presence of a cross was critical to the Eucharist and he could not continue without one. The king exclaimed: "So what is that?" (but in Iberian, of course), pointing to something at the window. From the heavens, two angels appeared carrying a cross, which they placed on the altar and then disappeared.The priest continued with the Mass.In the Catholic Church, when the bread and wine are consecrated during Mass, they cease to be bread and wine, and become instead the body and blood of Christ. The empirical appearances are not changed, but the reality is. When missionary Don reached the consecration stage, the king saw a beautiful baby instead of the bread (Host). The king was so taken aback by this miraculous image that he, and his family, converted to Christianity and asked to be baptized into the Christian faith. Many believe that the cross delivered by the angels included a piece of the True Cross.This appearance of the Cross is remembered by the people caravaqueño each year in acts that constitute a real festive tradition supported by a legend with historical foundation, recalled from the Middle Ages. Indeed, the May festivities in honor of the Blessed and Vera Cruz are a perfect combination of color, culture, religion and entertainment in which all citizens participate unconditionally, inviting visitors to share the celebrations. More than just a holiday, the Moors and Christians of Caravaca is a cult of the past, a tribute to its history.Because of these miracles and the relic of the True Cross, in 1998 Caravaca de la Cruz became the fifth holy town (along with Santiago de Compostela, Santo Toribio de Liébana, Rome and Jerusalem) celebrating the Perpetual Jubilee in the Vera Cruz Sanctuary (Sanctuario de la Vera Cruz) where the Caravaca Cross is kept.Centuries later, after Christopher Columbus set sail on his voyage of discovery (1492) Franciscan friars travelled to the Americas, taking copies of the Caravaca cross with them. The design is still commonly seen in Central and South American churches and monasteries. Houses and business premises also have copies pinned to the wall, like lucky charms, and may be surrounded by a lucky horseshoe.Fr. Martin Von Cochem (1896) 'Cochem's Explanation of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass', 2nd ed., New York: Benziger Brothers, 37-8. Available at: http://www.saintsbooks.net/books/Fr.%20Martin%20Cochem%20-%20Explanation%20of%20the%20Holy%20Sacrifice%20of%20the%20Mass.pdf (accessed 6/21/2011,1/19/2014dds).
External links
3 : Municipalities in the Region of Murcia|Catholic pilgrimage sites|Holy cities |
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