| 词条 | Chaliyar |
| 释义 |
| name = Chaliyar | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = ചാലിയാർ | name_etymology = | image = File:Chaliyar Program nadi samrakshana dinam IMG 1249.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = River Protection Agitation at Chaliyar | map = Chaliyar map.PNG | map_size = | map_caption = Labelled map of Chaliyar | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = India | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Kerala, Tamil Nadu | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = District | subdivision_name4 = Malappuram, Kozhikode | subdivision_type5 = City | subdivision_name5 = Nilambur, Edavanna, Areekode, Kizhuparamba, cheekode, Vazhakkad, Cheruvadi, Mavoor, Peruvayal, Aakode, Feroke, Beypore. | length = {{convert|169|km|mi|abbr=on}}[1] | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= mouth | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = Elambaleri Hills | source1_location = Western Ghats, Wayanad, India | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Lakshadweep Sea[1] | mouth_location = Beypore, Kerala, India | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11.16|75.80|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2933|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Iruvazhinjipuzha, Cherupuzha, Engappuzha | tributaries_right = Cherupuzha Nilambur | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Chaliyar is the fourth longest river in Kerala at 169 km in length. The Chaliyar is also known as Chulika River or Beypore River as it nears the sea. Nilambur, Edavanna, Areekode, Kizhuparamba, Cheruvadi, Edavannappara, Mavoor, Peruvayal, Feroke and Beypore are some of the towns/villages situated along the banks of Chaliyar. NameThe river has two names - Chaliyar and Beypore puzha, of which the former is more popular. The river meets the Lakshadweep Sea[1] at an 'azhi' (estuary), the southern part of which is known as Chaliyam and northern part as Beypore. Thus the river gets the names Chaliyar and Beypore River. Unlike many other rivers in Kerala, Chaliyar does not dry up during the drought season in March and April. CourseThe Chaliyar originates in the Western Ghats range at Elambalari Hills in the Wayanad Plateau of Kerala[2] and flows through Malappuram District for most of its length and then for around 17 km it forms the boundary between Malappuram District and Kozhikode District before entering the city of Kozhikode for its final 10 km journey and finally empties into the Lakshadweep Sea. Six major streams Chaliyarpuzha, Punnapuzha, Kanjirapuzha, Karimpuzha, Iruvahnipuzha and Cherupuzha constitute the Chaliyar River drainage system. Other important tributaries are Kurumanpuzha, Pandipuzha, Maradipuzha, Kuthirapuzha and Karakkodupuzha. Most of these rivers have their origin in the Nilgiri hills in the east and Wayanad hills in the north, where they form a number of rapids and waterfalls.[2] Near the origin of river are the Meenmutty Falls at coordinates {{coord|11.527755|76.236534|type:landmark}} by Vaduvanchal, Wayanad EconomyDuring late 19th century and early 20th century, the Chaliyar was extensively used as a waterway for carrying timber from the forest areas in and around Nilambur to the various mills in Kallai of Calicut city. Rafts made of logs were taken downstream during the monsoon season to Kallayi, where these were sawn to size in the timber mills dotting the banks of the river. Kallai was during this period one of the most important centers in the world for timber business. The place was famous for wood of superlative strength and durability like teak, rosewood, etc. Towards the second half of the 20th century, the activity came down drastically as tree felling was banned or strictly controlled with a view to stop deforestation. Many mills still operate in Kallai, though with far less output. Many have closed down. EcologyChaliyar River was in the news a few years ago because of the ecological damage caused by a pulp factory at Mavoor, that released effluents into the river and affected the marine life. This factory has since closed down. History
Tributaries
In addition to these rivers some creeks also join Chaliyar from Neelithode, Poonkudi, Vadasseri, Edavanna, Kunduthodu and Mampad. Elamaram is a village in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated near Edavannappara in Malappuram District of Kerala. This village is very scenic as it is on the bank of Chaliyar. There is a ferry service here that can take you to the northern side of the Chaliyar river. The ticket is Rs.5.00 and the motor boat service is available every half an hour between 6.40 a.m. and 8.40 p.m. including Sundays. Ghost TownAcross the river Chaliyar lies the abandoned Grasim Industries factory which once employed 2,000 employees. Environmental agitations in 1998 caused the closure of the factory and the entire village went bankrupt because of the sudden development and eleven people even committed suicide because of not being able to face unexpected poverty. PilgrimageThe Konnara Dargah is three kilometres away from Elamaram on the bank of the Chaliyar river. It is the holy resting place of a Muslim saint where hundreds of pilgrims visit regularly. Nearby villages
See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5850/14/14_chapter%206.pdf |title=Evolution of Chaliyar River Drainage Basin Insights from Tectonic Geomorphology |publisher=Cochin University of Science and Technology |pages=220|accessdate=2014-03-25 }} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5850/8/08_chapter%201.pdf |title=Evolution of Chaliyar River Drainage Basin Insights from Tectonic Geomorphology |publisher=Cochin University of Science and Technology |pages=8-11|accessdate=2014-03-25 }}
External links{{commons category|Chaliyar River}}
4 : Rivers of Kerala|Rivers of the Western Ghats|Rivers of Kozhikode district|Rivers of Malappuram district |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。