| 词条 | Charles III, Duke of Lorraine | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Charles III | title = Duke of Lorraine | image = Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, by studio of François Clouet.jpg | caption = Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, studio of François Clouet, oil on panel | full name= | birth_date = 18 February 1543 | birth_place = Ducal Palace of Nancy | death_date = {{Death date and age|1608|5|14|1543|2|18|df=y}} | death_place = | house = Lorraine | spouse = Claude of France | father = Francis I, Duke of Lorraine | mother = Christina of Denmark | issue = Henry II, Duke of Lorraine Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine Antoinette, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg Francis II, Duke of Lorraine Catherine, Abbess of Remiremont Elisabeth, Electress of Bavaria | religion = Roman Catholicism }} Charles III (18 February 1543 – 14 May 1608), known as the Great, was Duke of Lorraine from 1545 until his death. He is the direct male ancestor of all rulers of the Habsburg-Lorraine dinasty, including all Emperors of Austria. LifeHe was the eldest surviving son of Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark.{{sfn|Bogdan|2005|p=119-120}} In 1545, his father died, and his mother served as the regent during his minority. During his childhood, his aged great-grandmother, Philippa of Gelderland, died in 1547, leaving also her inheritance to the young Charles. His dynasty claimed the Kingdom of Jerusalem and used also the title of Duke of Calabria as symbol of their claims to the Kingdom of Naples. Additionally, they had a claim to the Duchy of Gelderland, inherited from Charles of Egmont, Duke of Gelderland. In 1552, Lorraine was invaded by France, his mother's regency was terminated and Charles was removed from Lorraine to France, to be raised at the French royal court in accordance to the needs of French interests.{{sfn|Bogdan|2005|p=123-124}} In 1559, he was married to Claude of France, and allowed to depart to Lorraine and take control of his domain. The reign of Charles III is regarded as a great age of peace and prosperity for Lorraine. He pursued a policy of strict neutrality between France and The Holy German Empire, as well as during the French Wars of Religion. He founded the University of Pount-a-Mousson. He also expanded his realm by the incorporation of Pfalzburg from George John I, Count Palatine of Veldenz in 1590, and tried to conquer also Lützelstein, though George John I's widow, Anna of Sweden, managed to negotiate a truce. In 1589, he broke his policy of neutrality and allied himself with the French Catholic League because he, as a Catholic, could not accept Henry of Navarre as king of France. In his peace with Henry in 1594, he married his son to Henry's sister Catherine de Bourbon. FamilyHe married Claude of Valois, princess of France, daughter of king Henry II and Catherine de' Medici.{{sfn|von Friedeburg|Morrill|2017|p=121}} They had the following children:
Ancestors
See also{{Commons category}}{{Portal|Kingdom of France|Biography}}
ReferencesSources
Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson|before=Francis I|after=Henry II|years=1545-1608}}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Charles Iii, Duke Of Lorraine}} 11 : House of Lorraine|Dukes of Lorraine|Dukes of Bar|Marquesses of Pont-à-Mousson|1543 births|1608 deaths|People of the French Wars of Religion|Modern child rulers|Hereditary Princes of Lorraine|People from Nancy, France|Princes of Lorraine |
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