| 词条 | Choux pastry | ||
| 释义 |
| name = Choux pastry | image = File:Choux pastry swans.jpg | caption = Choux pastry swans | image_alt = Choux pastry swans | alternate_name = {{lang|fr|Pâte à choux}} | country = France | region = | creator = Panterelli | type = Pastry | served = | main_ingredient = Butter, flour, eggs, water | variations = | calories = | other = }} Choux pastry, or {{lang|fr|pâte à choux}} ({{IPA-fr|pɑt a ʃu|lang}}), is a light pastry dough used in many pastries. It contains only butter, water, flour and eggs. Instead of a raising agent, it employs high moisture content to create steam during cooking to puff the pastry. The pastry is used in many European and European-derived cuisines. HistoryAccording to some cookbooks,[1] a chef by the name of Pantarelli or Pantanelli invented the dough in 1540, seven years after he left Florence with Catherine de' Medici and her court. He used the dough to make a gâteau and named it {{lang|fr|pâte à Pantanelli}}. Over time, the recipe of the dough evolved, and the name changed to {{lang|fr|pâte à popelin}}, which was used to make {{lang|fr|popelins}}, small cakes made in the shape of a woman's breasts. Then, Avice, a {{lang|fr|pâtissier|italic=no}} in the eighteenth century, created what were then called choux buns. The name of the dough changed to {{lang|fr|pâte à choux}}, as Avice's buns resembled cabbages—choux in French.{{dubious|date=March 2013}} From there, {{lang|fr|Antoine Carême|italic=no}} made modifications to the recipe, resulting in the recipe most commonly used now for profiteroles.[2] Essential ingredients and manner of risingThe ingredients for choux pastry are butter, water, flour and eggs. Like Yorkshire Pudding or David Eyre's pancake, instead of a raising agent, it employs high moisture content to create steam during cooking to puff the pastry. The high moisture content is achieved by boiling the water and butter, then adding the flour. The mixture is cooked a few minutes longer, then cooled before adding enough eggs to achieve the desired consistency. The boiling step causes the starch in the flour to gel, allowing the incorporation of more water.[3] Foods made with choux pastryThis pastry is used to make profiteroles, {{lang|fr|croquembouches|italic=no}}, éclairs, {{lang|fr|religieuses|italic=no}}, French crullers, {{lang|fr|beignets|italic=no}}, St. Honoré cake, quenelles, Parisian gnocchi, dumplings[4] and gougères. Choux pastry is usually baked but for beignets it is fried. In Spain and Latin America, churros are made of fried choux pastry, sugared and dipped in a thick hot chocolate for breakfast. In Italian cuisine, choux pastry is the base for zeppole di San Giuseppe which are cream filled pastries eaten on March 19th for the feast of Saint Joseph. In Austrian cuisine, one variation of {{lang|de-AT|Marillenknödel}}, a sweet apricot dumpling[5] cooked in simmering water, uses choux pastry; in that case it does not puff, but remains relatively dense. Choux pastries are sometimes filled with cream after baking to make cream puffs or éclairs.[6] {{lang|fr|Chouquettes|italic=no}}, named for the diminutive of {{lang|fr|choux}}, are small, round, hollow choux pastry covered with large-grain sugar. {{lang|de|Craquelins|italic=no}} are covered in a "crackly" sugar topping — and often filled with pastry cream, much like eclairs.See also
References1. ^{{cite book |title=Le Cordon Bleu patisserie foundations |date=2 December 2011 |publisher=Delmar |location=Clifton Park, New York |ISBN=978-1-4390-5713-1 }} 2. ^{{cite book |last=Juillet |first=Claude |title=Classic Patisserie: An A–Z Handbook |year=1998 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=0-7506-3815-X }} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=McGee |first1=Harold |title=On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen |date=2004 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York, New York |isbn=0-684-80001-2 |pages=552–553, 612 |edition=Completely rev. and updated. }} 4. ^Henri-Paul Pellaprat, Jeremiah Tower, The Great Book of French Cuisine, 2012 5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.gutekueche.at/marillenknoedel-aus-brandteig-rezept-21814 |title=Recipe for this variation of Marillenknödel |language=de }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.justhungry.com/2004/04/basics_choux_pa.html |title=Basics: Choux pastry |work=Just Hungry |date=2004-04-06 |accessdate=2010-09-08}} External links{{Wiktionary|choux pastry|pâte à choux}}{{Pastries}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}} 3 : Doughs|French pastries|Pastries |
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