| 词条 | Cidra, Puerto Rico |
| 释义 |
| name = Cidra | official_name = | native_name = Municipio de Cidra | native_name_lang = es | settlement_type = Town and Municipality | image_skyline = Vista del area de los Pueblos Cidra y Aguas Buenas - panoramio.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = CidraFlag.jpg | flag_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nicknames = "La Ciudad de la Eterna Primavera" (City of Eternal Spring), "El Pueblo de la Paloma Sabanera" | motto = | anthem = "Del corazón de Puerto Rico nació Cidra" | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico Cidra.png | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Cidra in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|10|33|N|66|09|41|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_name = United States | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1809 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Javier Carrasquillo | leader_title1 = Senatorial dist. | leader_name1 = 6 - Guayama | leader_title2 = Representative dist. | leader_name2 = 29 | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_km2 = 94.42 | area_land_km2 = 94 | area_water_km2 = .42 | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 43480 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Cidreños | population_note = | timezone1 = AST | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = Zip code | postal_code = 00739 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = | iso_code = | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 72-18074[1] | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 1610092[2] | website = | footnotes = }} Cidra ({{IPA-es|ˈsiðɾa}}) is a municipality of Puerto Rico (U.S.) located in the central region of the island, north of Cayey; south of Comerío and Aguas Buenas; east of Aibonito and Barranquitas; and west of Caguas. Cidra is spread over 12 wards and Cidra Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. Cidra is known as "El Pueblo de la Eterna Primavera" ("The Town of Eternal Spring") and "El Pueblo de la Paloma Sabanera". HistoryThe region of what is now Cidra belonged to the Taíno region of Cubuy, which covered a portion of the center of Puerto Rico, towards the East coast.[3] The region was led by cacique Caguax. There are not many records that show that the region was populated after the Spanish colonization. However, it is believed that around 1795, a Catalan named Frujols built a hermitage or shrine around which a small village settled. The settlement became a ward of Cayey, until 1807 when the residents gave the power to Victoriano de Rivera to ask the Governor for permission to found an independent town. In 1809, a landowner known as Bibiana Vázquez donated the land needed for the foundation, and Governor Salvador Meléndez approved the petition. Victoriano de Rivera was appointed to lead the town, but he was quickly replaced by Wenceslao Vázquez due to illness.[4] At the time of its foundation, Cidra had 26 houses and 11 huts. It is believed that its name is derived from the citron fruit which was widely cultivated in the region.[5][6] During the years following its foundation, a church and city hall were built. By 1822, there were already two public schools in town. Two years later, a road communicating the town with Caguas was opened. In 1868, the population of Cidra was more than 5,000 residents, which included European immigrants and slaves. When after the Treaty of Paris (1898), the U.S. conducted its first census of Puerto Rico, the population of Cidra was 7,552.[7] In 1902, the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico approved a law for the consolidation of certain municipalities. As a result, Cidra was again incorporated to the town of Cayey. However, in 1905 a new law revoked the previous one, turning Cidra into an independent municipality again.[8] GeographyCidra[9] is located at the top of a hill in the eastern part of the Cordillera Central. It is bordered by the municipalities of Aguas Buenas, Caguas, Cayey, Aibonito, and Comerío. Cidra is a small municipality, covering only 36.1 square miles (94 km2).[10] Hurricane MariaHurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 triggered numerous landslides in Cidra with the significant amount of rain that fell.[11][12]Water featuresCidra's hydrographic system consists mainly of the Lake Cidra reservoir, located in the municipality. The reservoir, which was built in 1946, provides water to several areas in the island.[13] There are also several rivers and creeks that cross the town like Arroyata, Bayamón, and Río de la Plata. FaunaThe town is known for being the nesting place of the paloma sabanera (plain pigeon). The bird, which is at risk of extinction, is currently found mostly in the town of Cidra and other nearby towns.[14] BarriosLike all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Cidra is subdivided into barrios.[15][16][17][18] {{div col|colwidth=15em}}
TourismAlthough Cidra is not known as a tourist main stop, it features several places of interest to visit. The town center features historic places like Nuestra Señora del Carmen Parish and the Iberia Theater, both built during the first half of the 20th Century. In the outskirts of the town, tourists can visit Lake Cidra and Perico's Waterfalls. Frog's Rock and Hamacas Bridge are also landmarks frequently visited by tourists.[5] EconomyThe economy of Cidra has relied mostly on agriculture, particularly coffee, tobacco, and minor fruits. Cattle ranching is also a source of economy in the town. In recent years, pharmaceutical and clothing industries have become participants of the economy of Cidra.[10][20] CultureA number of cultural events take place during the year, most prominently:[21]
ReligionThere are a number of churches and chapels from several denominations in Cidra. The main parish, Parroquia Nuestra Señora del Carmen, was established in 1813.[24] The original structure was destroyed by earthquakes in the 1860s, but completely rebuilt by 1952.[5] Cidra's patron saint is the Virgin Mary. Its festivities are held each July. Also in front of the town square is the First Baptist Church, which was established by American missionary Edgar Humphrey in 1903. The original wood structure was destroyed in 1928 by San Felipe Hurricane, but rebuilt in concrete, wood, and zinc.[5] SportsCidra doesn't have a professional sports team. However, they have a successful amateur team, Bravos de Cidra, that participates in the Puerto Rican Amateur Baseball Federation.[25][26] The Bravos team has won nine championships, and as of 2014, are en route to win their third consecutive one.[27] The main baseball facility is the Jesús María Freire Stadium, where the Bravos play. Cidra is also the birthplace of several important figures in the Puerto Rican sports scene. Some of them are former MLB players Luis Rivera and Luis López, as well as former coach of the Puerto Rico men's national basketball team Flor Meléndez. Boxer José Pedraza was also born in Cidra. Famous Cidreños
Demographics{{Historical populations|type=Puerto Rico| 1899|7552 | 1910|10595 | 1920|14789 | 1930|19662 | 1940|20392 | 1950|20491 | 1960|21891 | 1970|23892 | 1980|28365 | 1990|35601 | 2000|42753 | 2010|43480 }} The population of Cidra increased steadily during the 20th Century. Since 1899, the population has risen more than 200%. According to the 2010 census, the municipality currently has 43,480 inhabitants.[30] According to the 2010 Census, 77% of the population identifies themselves as White, and 8.3% as African-American. Also, 48.9% of the population identified themselves as males, and 51.1% as females. Finally, 25% of the population is under 18 years old. The next biggest percentage of population (20.7%) is between 35 and 49 years old.[31] Government{{main|Mayoralty in Puerto Rico}}All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. The current mayor of Cidra is Javier Carrasquillo, of the New Progressive Party (PNP). He succeeded Angel L. Malavé Zayas in 2012, after Malavé was accused of lewd conduct in 2011. Malavé had served as mayor since being elected at the 1988 general elections. The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district VI, which is represented by two Senators. In 2012, Miguel Pereira Castillo and Angel M. Rodríguez were elected as District Senators.[32] SymbolsFlag and coat of armsThe flag of Cidra features one brown vertical stripe on the left side, with a width of about one-third the length of the flag. It also features two equal-sized horizontal stripes to the right side of the brown one. The above stripe is green, while the lower one is yellow, or golden. The golden color symbolizes the richness of the fruits and its hydrography, as well as the spiritual wealth of the region. The green symbolizes the green landscape that can be seen in Cidra throughout the year, which is also the reason why the town is called the "Town of the Eternal Spring". The brown symbolizes the Virgin, patron saint of the town, and also the Paloma sabanera that is widely seen in the area.[8] Some versions of the flag also feature the coat of arms on the left hand side, over the intersection of the three stripes. The coat of arms was approved in the 1970s by the Municipal Assembly. It features a red band crossing the shield diagonally, from left to right. Over the red band lies a golden citrus, which is believed to be one of the reasons for the town's name, and a cornucopia of fruits, which alludes to Cidra's role as one of the major producers of fruits of the island. The upper field is either white or silver, and features two symbols: a black scapular representing the Virgin, and a black bishop hat referencing San Juan Nepomuceno, bishop and martyr. The lower field is mostly blue and features a brown pigeon flying over a mountain range, representing the location of the town in the Central Mountain Range, and a set of silver water waves. The whole seal is capped by a three-tower crown, which is usually seen in municipal seals in the island.[10] NicknamesCidra is known mostly by two names. It is known as the "Town of the Eternal Spring" for its cool temperatures. It is also known as the "Town of the Plain Pigeon" because the abundance of that bird in the town.[10] EducationThere are around 15 public schools in Cidra. As with all other municipalities, education is handled by the Puerto Rico Department of Education. Elementary school
Junior high school
Mixed (elementary/junior high)
High school
TransportationThe main road to Cidra is Road 172, which branches out from the Puerto Rico Highway 52. Its distance from the capital is approximately 40 minutes.[10] Other roads that lead to the town are #787 and #173. There are 19 bridges in Cidra.[33] See also{{Portal|Puerto Rico|Geography}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web | url = {{gnis3|1610861}} | title = Guayanilla – Populated Place | work = Geographic Names Information System | publisher = USGS | accessdate = 2008-05-13 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.taino-tribe.org/jatiboni-s.html|title=Gobierno Tribal del Pueblo Jatibonicu Taíno de Puerto Rico|work=|author=|accessdate=March 30, 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/esp/article.cfm?ref=09022001&page=2|title=Cidra: Fundación e historia|publisher=Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico|author=|date=|accessdate=March 30, 2014}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.uprm.edu/agricultura/sea/mapa/Portal%20de%20Cidra.pdf|title=Municipio de Cidra|publisher=University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez|author=|date=|accessdate=March 30, 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://sondeaquipr.net/Pueblos/Cidra/cidra_origen.htm|title=Cidra: Origen e historia|publisher=Sn de aquí|author=|date=|accessdate=March 30, 2014}} 7. ^{{cite book|author1=Joseph Prentiss Sanger|author2=Henry Gannett|author3=Walter Francis Willcox|title=Informe sobre el censo de Puerto Rico, 1899, United States. War Dept. Porto Rico Census Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cZ9QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA163|year=1900|publisher=Imprenta del gobierno|page=163| language=Spanish}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.parroquiacidra.com/historia_de_cidra.htm|title=Historia de Cidra|work=|author=|date=|accessdate=March 30, 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/cidra-municipality/|title=Cidra Municipality - Municipalities - EnciclopediaPR|publisher=Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH) }} 10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/Link%20P.R/www.linktopr.com/cidra.html|title=Cidra... El Pueblo de la Eterna Primavera|publisher=SalonHogar|author=|date=|accessdate=March 30, 2014}} 11. ^{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/ |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/diversos_temas/lagos_y_embalses_de_puerto_rico.htm|title=Lagos y Embalses de Puerto Rico|publisher=Proyecto Salón Hogar|author=Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources|date=|accessdate=April 8, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719230115/http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/diversos_temas/lagos_y_embalses_de_puerto_rico.htm|archivedate=July 19, 2014|df=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/caribbean/PDF/Paloma_Sabanera.pdf|title=Paloma Sabanera|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|author=|date=|accessdate=April 8, 2014}} 15. ^{{cite book |last1=Picó |first1=Rafael |last2=Buitrago de Santiago |first2=Zayda |last3=Berrios |first3=Hector H. |title=Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. |url=https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247|publisher=San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969}} 16. ^{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ|accessdate=25 December 2018|date=20 May 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|page=300}} 17. ^{{cite book|title=Puerto Rico:2010:population and housing unit counts.pdf | url = https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo35934/cph-2-53.pdf|year=2010|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau}} 18. ^{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324204920/http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/cidra.pdf |title=Map of Cidra at the Wayback Machine|access-date=2018-12-29 }} 19. ^{{cite web |title=US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |website=factfinder.com |publisher=US Census |accessdate=5 January 2019}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://edicionesdigitales.info/PueblosPR/PueblosPR/Cidra.html|title=Cidra: Pueblo de la Eterna Primavera|publisher=|author=|date=|accessdate=March 31, 2014}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/ing/article.cfm?ref=09042802&page=4|title=Trujillo Alto: Events|work=Encyclopedia Puerto Rico|author=|date=}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salonhogar.com/est_soc/pr/general/fiestaspatronales.htm|title=Fiestas Patronales de Puerto Rico|work=Proyecto Salon Hogar|author=|date=}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=http://lacordillera.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3800:cidra-exitoso-el-festival-de-la-paloma-sabanera&catid=42:noticias&Itemid=109|title=Cidra: Exitoso el Festival de la Paloma Sabanera|publisher=La Cordillera|author=Ramos, Oly|date=December 6, 2011|accessdate=April 8, 2014}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parroquiacidra.com/Historia.htm|title=Parroquia Nuestra Señora del Carmen: Nuestra Historia|publisher=|author=|date=|accessdate=April 5, 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lbsdapr.org/franquicias/central|title=Liga Beisbol Superior: Franquicias|publisher=|date=|accessdate=April 5, 2014}} 26. ^{{cite news |title=El Béisbol Recuerda A Héctor Ferrer |url=http://www.islanewspr.com/2018/11/06/el-beisbol-recuerda-a-hector-ferrer/ |accessdate=1 February 2019 |work=Isla News PR |date=November 6, 2018 |language=Spanish}} 27. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/losbravosdecidrabuscanterceracorona-1710389.html|title=Los Bravos de Cidra buscan tercera corona|publisher=El Nuevo Día|author=Sara del Valle|date=February 12, 2014|accessdate=April 5, 2014}} 28. ^{{Cite journal|last=Nuñez|first=Victoria|date=2009|title=Remembering Pura Belpré's Early Career at the 135th Street New York Public Library: Interracial Cooperation and Puerto Rican Settlement During the Harlem Renaisance (sic)|url=|journal=Centro Journal|publisher=The City University of New York|volume=XXI|issue=1|page=58|doi=|issn=1538-6279|pmid=|access-date=|via=}} 29. ^{{cite news |title=Felito Félix regresa al escenario |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/musica/nota/felitofelixregresaalescenario-1877472/ |accessdate=11 January 2019 |work=El Nuevo Día |date=October 22, 2014}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://soph.md.rcm.upr.edu/demo/images/CDCES/Poblacion/Pob-1899-2010-total.pdf|title=Población total por municipios, Puerto Rico: 1899-2010|publisher=University of Puerto Rico|date=|accessdate=March 31, 2014}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=72|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: Cidra, Puerto Rico|work=US Census 2010|author=|date=}} 32. ^Elecciones Generales 2012: Escrutinio General {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203074235/http://div1.ceepur.org/REYDI_Escrutinio/index.html#es/default/SENADORES_POR_DISTRITO_GUAYAMA_VI.xml |date=December 3, 2012 }} on CEEPUR 33. ^{{cite web |title= Cidra Bridges|url=http://bridgereports.com/pr/cidra/ |website=National Bridge Inventory Data |publisher=US Dept. of Transportation|accessdate=19 February 2019}} External links
3 : Municipalities of Puerto Rico|Populated places established in 1809|San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo metropolitan area |
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